Soil Moisture Stress Effects On Soybean Vegetative Physiological And Reproductive Growth And Post Harvest Seed Physiology Quality And Chemical Composition
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Soil Moisture Stress Effects On Soybean Vegetative Physiological And Reproductive Growth And Post Harvest Seed Physiology Quality And Chemical Composition
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Author : Chathurika Wijewardana
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Soil Moisture Stress Effects On Soybean Vegetative Physiological And Reproductive Growth And Post Harvest Seed Physiology Quality And Chemical Composition written by Chathurika Wijewardana and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
With the increasing scarcity of water resources, soil moisture stress is the single most threat to global soybean production causing extensive yield losses. The objectives of this study were to investigate soil moisture stress effects on all aspects of soybean growth and development processes and to develop functional algorithms that could be used for field management decisions and in soybean crop modeling. To fulfill these objectives, six experiments were conducted; one in vitro osmotic stress study on seed germination, four studies by imposing five soil moisture treatments, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% of daily evapotranspiration of the control at different growth stages using sunlit plant growth chambers, and one transgenerational study on seed germination at different osmotic levels and offspring growth at three irrigation treatments (100, 66, and 33% based on field capacity) for plants grown at different soil moisture levels. Two cultivars from maturity group V, Asgrow AG5332 and Progeny P5333RY, with different growth habits were used in all these studies. Midday leaf water potential, plant height, mainstem nodes, gas-exchange traits, canopy reflectance, and several yield components including pod weight, seed yield, and seed quality were measured. Soil moisture stress decreased biomass, net photosynthesis, yield, individual seed weight, maximum seed germination, protein, fatty acids, sucrose, N, and P and increased oil, stachyose, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, and B contents. Overall, Asgrow AG5332 was more tolerant to drought stress than Progeny P5333RY. Soil moisture stress induced changes in seed quality that were correlated with seed germination and seedling vigor in the F1 generation. These data can be used to build a model-based decision support system capable of predicting yield under field conditions.
Water Stress Effects On Physiological Processes And Yield Of Soybeans
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Author : Mahmoud Fadl El Mula Ahmed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Water Stress Effects On Physiological Processes And Yield Of Soybeans written by Mahmoud Fadl El Mula Ahmed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Plants categories.
Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv. Bragg were grown in field lysimeters for the study of water stress effects on certain physiological characteristics during different growth periods. A second objective was to study changes in plant water relations of well-irrigated soybeans during the growing season. Mid-day measurements were taken for soil water potential, leaf water potential components, stomatal diffusive resistence, transpiration, and leaf temperature. In well-irrigated plants, leaf osmotic potential began to decline with the onset of flowering, causing a considerable decrease in the leaf water potential. Mid-day turgor potential maintained hight values (5 to 8 bars) throughout the growing season. Diffusive resistence, transpiration rates, and leaf-to-air temperature differential (leaf temperature minus air temperature) were also constant util after R[indice]5, when diffusive resistance began to increase, transpiration rates decreased and temperature differential increased. This was related to plant aging as the crop approached the late reproductive growth stages. As estomatal diffusive resistance increased, transpiration cooling was less resulting in increased temperature differentials. During the drying cycles, leaf water potential componentes of the stressed plants were, in most cases, lower than teh control plants. Transpiration rates and stomatal conductance were also lower in the stressed plants while leaf-to-air temperature differential was greater. A high correlation was observed between osmotic potential and leaf water potential during drying cycles and was most likely associated with dehydration effect which resulted in increased concentrations of the osmotic components. However, osmotic potential at full turgor (leaf water potential equal to zero), showed progressive decreases during the season, giving values of -9.4, -10.9, -11.6 and -15.1 bars at V[indice]5, R[indice]1, R[indice]5 and R[indice]6 stages, respectively. This reflects changes in osmotic potential of soybeans as they grow from vegetative to reproductive phases. The slope of [phi][indice][pi] versus [phi][indice]L also declined from 0.437 at V[indice]5 to 0.233 at R[indice]6, suggesting reduced plasticity during late reproductive stages. Moisture strees during R[indice]6 resulted in significant diferences in harvest index, 100-seed weigth, percent empty pods, and shelling percentage as compared to the well-watered control. No significant differences in seed yield were observed; however, the data suggests yield reductions of 12%, 13% and 14% due to water withholding during V[indice]5, V[indice]5 plus R[indice]5, and R[indice]6 growth periods, respectively.
Effect Of Moisture Stress On Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat Seed
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Author : Marcos Vinicius Assuncao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Effect Of Moisture Stress On Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat Seed written by Marcos Vinicius Assuncao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Wheat categories.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of moisture stress on physiological changes that occur during the vegetative and reproductive stages of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant, and to relate these effects to seed yield, quality and performance. In a field experiment, different levels of moisture stress were obtained by establishing plots in two rainfall areas, and by planting on three different dates in the dryland area. Seed development and maturation occurred under extreme moisture stress in Moro (254mm annual rainfall), while stress at Corvallis (1020 mm annual rainfall) was low. Plants from the early fall planting were subjected to the most stress because of the greater fall growth which removed much of the soil moisture. Lowest seed yields occurred under the greatest moisture stress conditions, primarily because of a reduced number of seeds per spike. Seed size was the quality component most affected by moisture stress. Smaller seed size was associated with lower soil water potential, higher leaf area index during vegetative growth, and higher specific leaf weight and water soluble carbohydrate content of the plants after anthesis. Water soluble carbohydrate content was particularly high in the rachises of the most severely stressed plants, indicating a reduced rate of translocation to the developing seeds. Embryo weight was also reduced in the more stressed plants in proportioa to the reduction in seed weight. The protein contents of seeds from all three moisture stress levels at Moro were similar. Seeds developed under the most severe water stress had the highest respiratory quotient and lowest glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. The growth rate of seedlings produced by these seeds was 29% lower than that from seeds from the less stressed plots. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of water stress under controlled conditions. Plants were grown under three moisture regimes (600, 300 and 150 ml water/pot/day) from the time awns were first visible on the main stem until maturity. Water-stressed plants had smaller leaf area and leaf dry weight, higher specific leaf weight, earlier leaf senescence, lower dry weight, and lower seed yield. On the other hand, water-stressed plants produced larger seeds, with heavier embryos, higher protein content, lower CO2 evolution and lower respiratory quotient. These seeds in turn produced seedlings with greater vigor in terms of seedling growth rate. Because of the compensation ability of the wheat plant, development of management practices to decrease certain yield components in favor of enhanced seed quality is worthy of further study.
Physiological Breeding
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Author : Alistair Pask
language : en
Publisher: CIMMYT
Release Date : 2012
Physiological Breeding written by Alistair Pask and has been published by CIMMYT this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Crop Physiology Case Histories For Major Crops
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Author : Victor Sadras
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-12-05
Crop Physiology Case Histories For Major Crops written by Victor Sadras and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Crop Physiology: Case Histories of Major Crops updates the physiology of broad-acre crops with a focus on the genetic, environmental and management drivers of development, capture and efficiency in the use of radiation, water and nutrients, the formation of yield and aspects of quality. These physiological process are presented in a double context of challenges and solutions. The challenges to increase plant-based food, fodder, fiber and energy against the backdrop of population increase, climate change, dietary choices and declining public funding for research and development in agriculture are unprecedented and urgent. The proximal technological solutions to these challenges are genetic improvement and agronomy. Hence, the premise of the book is that crop physiology is most valuable when it engages meaningfully with breeding and agronomy. With contributions from 92 leading scientists from around the world, each chapter deals with a crop: maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and oat; quinoa; soybean, field pea, chickpea, peanut, common bean, lentil, lupin and faba bean; sunflower and canola; potato, cassava, sugar beet and sugarcane; and cotton. A crop-based approach to crop physiology in a G x E x M context Captures the perspectives of global experts on 22 crops
Agrindex
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Agrindex written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Agriculture categories.
Bibliography Of Agriculture
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Bibliography Of Agriculture written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Agriculture categories.
Drought Stress In Maize Zea Mays L
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Author : Muhammad Aslam
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-28
Drought Stress In Maize Zea Mays L written by Muhammad Aslam and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-28 with Science categories.
This book focuses on early germination, one of maize germplasm most important strategies for adapting to drought-induced stress. Some genotypes have the ability to adapt by either reducing water losses or by increasing water uptake. Drought tolerance is also an adaptive strategy that enables crop plants to maintain their normal physiological processes and deliver higher economical yield despite drought stress. Several processes are involved in conferring drought tolerance in maize: the accumulation of osmolytes or antioxidants, plant growth regulators, stress proteins and water channel proteins, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Numerous events in the life of maize crops can be affected by drought stress: germination potential, seedling growth, seedling stand establishment, overall growth and development, pollen and silk development, anthesis silking interval, pollination, and embryo, endosperm and kernel development. Though every maize genotype has the ability to avoid or withstand drought stress, there is a concrete need to improve the level of adaptability to drought stress to address the global issue of food security. The most common biological strategies for improving drought stress resistance include screening available maize germplasm for drought tolerance, conventional breeding strategies, and marker-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding and development of transgenic maize. As a comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress, adaptive strategies and potential breeding tools is the prerequisite for any sound breeding plan, this brief addresses these aspects.
Oilseed Crops
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Author : Parvaiz Ahmad
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-02-15
Oilseed Crops written by Parvaiz Ahmad and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Oil Seed Crops: Yield and Adaptations under Environmental Stress is a state-of-the-art reference that investigates the effect of environmental stress on oil seed crops and outlines effective ways to reduce stress and improve crop yield. With attention to physiological, biochemical, molecular, and transgenic approaches, the chapters discuss a variety of oil seed crops and also cover a broad range of environmental stressors including microbes, salt, heavy metals, and climate change. Featuring up-to-date research from a global group of experts, this reference provides innovative recommendations for mitigating environmental stress and promoting the healthy growth, development, and adaptation of crops.
Sustainable Crop Production
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Author : Mirza Hasanuzzaman
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-06-17
Sustainable Crop Production written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-17 with Science categories.
This book includes twenty-one comprehensive chapters addressing various soil and crop management issues, including modern techniques in enhancing crop production in the era of climate change. There are a few case studies and experimental evidence about these production systems in specific locations. Particular focus is provided on the state-of-the-art of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and precision agriculture, as well as many other recent approaches in ensuring sustainable crop production. This book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and researchers, particularly in the fields of crop science, soil science, and agronomy.