Soviet And Eastern European Reactions To American Exhibitions
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Soviet And Eastern European Reactions To American Exhibitions
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Author : Jennie Edith Miller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Soviet And Eastern European Reactions To American Exhibitions written by Jennie Edith Miller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
After the signing of the Cultural Exchange Agreement in 1958, exhibitions of culture and technology were exchanged between the Soviet Union and the United States. These exhibitions continued to be exchanged well into the 1980s. This paper focuses on comment books from seven of these cultural exchange exhibitions, five in the Soviet Union and two in Eastern Europe, in the years between 1961 and 1976. The public nature of the comment books and the way they were treated by visitors made them a space for expressions of popular opinions over the issues of public policy and ideology. As such, they provide contemporary historians with a unique glimpse into the mindset of ordinary Soviet and Eastern European citizens during the Cold War. Based on the evidence from the comment books, and using methods elaborated by cultural anthropologists, this study shows that challenged by the display of apparent American superiority, most Soviet visitors preferred to fall back on the official ideology which claimed the moral superiority of their system. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the Soviet citizens experienced an upswing in communist morale, expressed a desire to compete with America and a conviction that their system will ultimately prevail over capitalism. However, to what extent such declarations should be accepted at their face value as sincere expressions of Soviet citizens' deep-seated convictions and to what extent they should be seen as situational responses to the perceived humiliation at the hands of foreigners remains unclear. While most Soviet visitors were defensive, invested in their ideology, and competitive with America, their reactions were not monolithic. Some of them were clearly fascinated by American consumer products and expressed an envious yearning to get possession of them; others stressed their openness to cultural exchange. There were apparently sincere expressions of support to the policy of détente, and of outrage over the Vietnam War. The Soviet visitors were aware of the unrest in American society caused by the civil rights movement, but were uninformed of the profound changes effected by this movement. Members of non-Russian minorities were interested in American ethnic diversity and sometimes implied their dislike of Moscow treatment of non-Russian nationalities. Eastern Europeans were less defensive and more open to American society and culture than the Soviets. Still, some of them also expressed pro-communist sentiments and national pride. There was one issue, however, on which the Soviets and Eastern were clearly more in tune with American popular culture than with their own governments: consumerism and the sentiment of entitlement to the high quality goods that Americans had access to while they did not. It was on this issue that the eastern bloc regimes were facing the greatest threat.
U S Reactions To Developments In The Soviet Union And Eastern Europe
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Author : Bruce L. R. Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
U S Reactions To Developments In The Soviet Union And Eastern Europe written by Bruce L. R. Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
Hot Art Cold War Southern And Eastern European Writing On American Art 1945 1990
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Author : Claudia Hopkins
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-12-21
Hot Art Cold War Southern And Eastern European Writing On American Art 1945 1990 written by Claudia Hopkins and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-21 with Art categories.
Hot Art, Cold War – Southern and Eastern European Writing on American Art 1945-1990 is one of two text anthologies that trace the reception of American art in Europe during the Cold War era through primary sources. Translated into English for the first time from sixteen languages and introduced by scholarly essays, the texts in this volume offer a representative selection of the diverse responses to American art in Portugal, Italy, Spain, Greece, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Soviet Union (including the Baltic States), Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and East Germany (GDR). There was no single European discourse, as attitudes to American art were determined by a wide range of ideological, political, social, cultural and artistic positions that varied considerably across the European nations. This volume and its companion, Hot Art, Cold War – Northern and Western European Writing on American Art 1945-1990, offer the reader a unique opportunity to compare how European art writers introduced and explained contemporary American art to their many and varied audiences. Whilst many are fluent in one or two foreign languages, few are able to read all twenty-five languages represented in the two volumes. These ground-breaking publications significantly enrich the fields of American art studies and European art criticism.
Imagining The West In Eastern Europe And The Soviet Union
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Author : Gyorgy Peteri
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
Release Date : 2010-11-28
Imagining The West In Eastern Europe And The Soviet Union written by Gyorgy Peteri and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Pre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-28 with History categories.
This volume presents work from an international group of writers who explore conceptualizations of what defined "East" and "West" in Eastern Europe, imperial Russia, and the Soviet Union. The contributors analyze the effects of transnational interactions on ideology, politics, and cultural production. They reveal that the roots of an East/West cultural divide were present many years prior to the rise of socialism and the Cold War. The chapters offer insights into the complex stages of adoption and rejection of Western ideals in areas such as architecture, travel writings, film, music, health care, consumer products, political propaganda, and human rights. They describe a process of mental mapping whereby individuals "captured and possessed" Western identity through cultural encounters and developed their own interpretations from these experiences. Despite these imaginaries, political and intellectual elites devised responses of resistance, defiance, and counterattack to defy Western impositions. Socialists believed that their cultural forms and collectivist strategies offered morally and materially better lives for the masses and the true path to a modern society. Their sentiments toward the West, however, fluctuated between superiority and inferiority. But in material terms, Western products, industry, and technology, became the ever-present yardstick by which progress was measured. The contributors conclude that the commodification of the necessities of modern life and the rise of consumerism in the twentieth century made it impossible for communist states to meet the demands of their citizens. The West eventually won the battle of supply and demand, and thus the battle for cultural influence.
The Bloc That Failed
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Author : Charles Gati
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
The Bloc That Failed written by Charles Gati and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Europe, Eastern categories.
..". lucid and stimulating... " The New York Times Book Review "Essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the new Eastern Europe and the collapse of Soviet control over it informative and incisive." Zbigniew Brzezinski "Gati s book... is the most current and best-informed study of this rapidly changing world.... Professor Gati is uniquely qualified to understand and give perspective to the impact of perestroika and Soviet new thinking on the events in Eastern Europe." William H. Luers, Former U. S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia ..". a superb synthesis of the postwar evolution of Soviet-East European relations and the first up-to-date analysis of the revolutionary events in that part of the world in 1989." Michael Mandelbaum, Council on Foreign Relations "An up-to-date and lucid overview of the troubled course of Soviet-East European relations at time of momentous change in the Soviet bloc." Sarah M. Terry ..". excellent analysis and synthesis... " Foreign Affairs "this book is written in a lively style and is a good scholarly synthesis of the post-Second World War evolution of Soviet-East European relations ending in the revolutionary events of 1989." Canadian Journal of Political Science ..". a lively and perceptive account... " Military Review "Clearly and simply written, this book is particularly useful as a compact introduction to the prehistory and transformation of East European politics." Choice "It is well organized, readable, and sensitive to complexity; find the time to read it." History"
Dueling Visions
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Author : Ronald R. Krebs
language : en
Publisher: Texas A&M University Press
Release Date : 2001
Dueling Visions written by Ronald R. Krebs and has been published by Texas A&M University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Electronic books categories.
The presidential election of 1952, unlike most others before and since, was dominated by foreign policy, from the bloody stalemate of Korea to the deepening menace of international communism. During the campaign, Dwight Eisenhower and his spokesmen fed the public's imagination with their promises to liberate the peoples of Eastern Europe and created the impression that in office they would undertake an aggressive program to roll back Soviet influence across the globe. But time and again during the 1950s, Eisenhower and his advisers found themselves powerless to shape the course of events in Eastern Europe: they mourned their impotence but did little. In "Dueling Visions," Ronald R. Krebs argues that two different images of Eastern Europe's ultimate status competed to guide American policy during this period: Finlandization and rollback. Rollback, championed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Central Intelligence Agency, was synonymous with liberation as the public understood it--detaching Eastern Europe form all aspects of Soviet control. Surprisingly, the figure most often linked to liberation--Secretary of State John Foster Dulles --came to advocated a more subtle and measure policy that neither accepted the status quo nor pursued rollback. This American vision for the region held up the model of Finland, imagining a tier of states that would enjoy domestic autonomy and perhaps even democracy but whose foreign policy would toe the Soviet line. Krebs analyzes the conflicting logics and webs of assumptions underlying these dueling visions, and closely examines the struggles over these alternatives within the administration. Case studies of the American response to Stalin's death and to the Soviet--Yugoslav rapprochement reveal the eventual triumph of Finlandization both as vision and as policy. Finally, Krebs suggests the study's implications for international relations theory and contemporary foreign affairs.
America Europe And The Soviet Union
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Author : Walter Laqueur
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date : 1983-01-01
America Europe And The Soviet Union written by Walter Laqueur and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-01-01 with History categories.
Bringing together for the first time his many penetrating and influential essays on U.S. foreign policy, Europe, and the Soviet Union, Laqueur focuses here on the absence of a U.S. global strategy. He shows that this vacuum has its counterpart in Western European politics. Both the United States and Europe exhibit a weakening of political will and Laqueur reveals how the media and the academic community have been unwilling to accept the fact of diminished U.S. stature in the Western world.
The United States And Europe In The Twentieth Century
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Author : David Ryan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-17
The United States And Europe In The Twentieth Century written by David Ryan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-17 with History categories.
The relationship between the US and Europe in the 20th century is one of the key considerations in any understanding of international relations/international history during this period. David Ryan first sets the context by looking at the trends and traditions of America’s foreign relations in the 19th century, and then considers the changing nature of America's vision of Europe from 1900 to the present. The book examines America’s response to and involvement in the two World Wars, including the structure of international power after the First World War and American reaction to the rise of Nazi Germany. American/European relations during the Cold War (1945-1970) are discussed, and Ryan considers the contentious debate that America was trying to establish an empire by invitation. Finally, the book looks at the ever-increasing unification of Europe and how this has affected America's role and influence.
Radio Free Europe
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Author : J. F. Brown
language : en
Publisher: New Acdemia+ORM
Release Date : 2013-10-14
Radio Free Europe written by J. F. Brown and has been published by New Acdemia+ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-14 with Performing Arts categories.
The story of Radio Free Europe’s role during the Cold War, as recounted by veteran RFE official J. F. Brown, who served as director from 1978 to 1983. Jim Brown had written about Eastern Europe from RFE, but never about RFE?until he wrote this book. He conveys his understanding of how Radio Free Europe functioned as a decentralized organization that empowered exiles, while also conveying what it, and they, could?and could not?offer East European listeners. Jim Brown’s explanations of the function of the central news department as an internal news agency, of discussions with and trust of exile broadcast chiefs, of RFE’s cautious approach to broadcasting to Poland under martial law after 1981?to cite only three examples from the book?illuminate the editorial policies and internal relationships that made RFE a success. His portraits of key personalities over the years help us understand that RFE was not just an institution; it was a unique multinational group of people. (From the Foreword by A. Ross Johnson). Praise for Radio Free Europe: An Insider’s View “The historical analysis Brown brings is extremely valuable and adds the insight of a first-rate analyst to such topics as the contrast between how RFE handled the Hungarian and Polish events of the 1950s, the “Czech spring” in 1968, the Gomulka period in Poland, the developing independence of Ceausescu’s Romania, etc. All are given perceptive treatment.” —Eugene R. Parta, co-author of Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe “I know of no other books on RFE by an insider who had so much experience with the Radios and how they were operated. [It is] very well written, well organized, and a fascinating read.” —Yale Richmond, cultural affairs officer, U.S. Foreign Service (ret.), author of Practicing Public Diplomacy: A Cold War Odyssey
The Iron Curtain
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Author : Fraser J. Harbutt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1988-10-13
The Iron Curtain written by Fraser J. Harbutt and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-10-13 with History categories.
It was forty-two years ago that Winston Churchill made his famous speech in Fulton, Missouri, in which he popularized the phrase "Iron Curtain." This speech, according to Fraser Harbutt, set forth the basic Western ideology of the coming East-West struggle. It was also a calculated move within, and a dramatic public definition of, the Truman administration's concurrent turn from accommodation to confrontation with the Soviet Union. It provoked a response from Stalin that goes far to explain the advent of the Cold War a few weeks later. This book is at once a fascinating biography of Winston Churchill as the leading protagonist of an Anglo-American political and military front against the Soviet Union and a penetrating re-examination of diplomatic relations between the United States, Great Britain, and the U.S.S.R. in the postwar years. Pointing out the Americocentric bias in most histories of this period, Harbutt shows that the Europeans played a more significant part in precipitating the Cold War than most people realize. He stresses that the same pattern of events that earlier led America belatedly into two world wars, namely the initial separation and then the sudden coming together of the European and American political arenas, appeared here as well. From the combination of biographical and structural approaches, a new historical landscape emerges. The United States appears at times to be the rather passive object of competing Soviet and British maneuvers. The turning point came with the crisis of early 1946, which here receives its fullest analysis to date, when the Truman administration in a systematic but carefully veiled and still widely misunderstood reorientation of policy (in which Churchill figured prominently) led the Soviet Union into the political confrontation that brought on the Cold War.