Sozialstaat Oder Minimalstaat Ein Vergleich Der Gerechtigkeitstheorien Von John Rawls Und Robert Nozick
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Sozialstaat Oder Minimalstaat Ein Vergleich Der Gerechtigkeitstheorien Von John Rawls Und Robert Nozick
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Author : Anne-Karen Fischer
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2018-05-03
Sozialstaat Oder Minimalstaat Ein Vergleich Der Gerechtigkeitstheorien Von John Rawls Und Robert Nozick written by Anne-Karen Fischer and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-03 with Political Science categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte, Note: 2,3, Universität Konstanz, Veranstaltung: Kurs Gerechtigkeit oder Solidarität, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Fühlen sich Menschen ungerecht behandelt, so wird der Ruf nach Gerechtigkeit laut. Fragt man jedoch unterschiedliche Menschen danach, was Gerechtigkeit genau ist, erhält man wahrscheinlich unzählig unterschiedliche Erklärungen. Wie soll nun jedoch ein Staat eine Politik der Gerechtigkeit betreiben, wenn dieser Begriff solch vielseitige Interpretationen zulässt? Genau mit dieser Frage beschäftigt sich die politische Gerechtigkeitsphilosophie. Diese in der ersten Hälfte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts für tot geglaubte politische Philosophie wurde mit John Rawls A Theory of Justice und der kurz darauf gefolgten Antwort Robert Nozicks in seinem Werk Anarchie, Staat und Utopie wiederbelebt. Mit ihren Werken stellten beide Autoren die Gerechtigkeit zwar wieder in den Mittelpunkt der politischen Philosophie, jedoch taten sie dies auf eine Weise, die unterschiedlicher nicht sein könnte. Kurz gefasst plädiert Rawls für gleiche Grundfreiheiten und den Ausgleich naturgegebener Unterschiede durch Institutionen, also für einen Sozialstaat, wohingegen Nozick genau dieser Auffassung entgegentritt. Er tritt für einen Minimalstaat ein, der lediglich die Sicherheit und den Eigentumsschutz seiner Bürger gewährleistet. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser sehr gegensätzlichen Gerechtigkeitsansätze stellt sich nun die Frage was denn nun als gerecht verstanden werden kann. Ist es gerecht, dass der Staat in das Eigentumsrecht einzelner besser Gestellten eingreift, um dadurch zu einer fairen Verteilung zu kommen, oder ist dies per se ungerecht, da das Recht auf Eigentum über der Macht des Staates steht, sofern es gerecht angeeignet oder übertragen wurde? Dieser Fragestellung werde ich mit dieser Arbeit auf den Grund gehen. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in drei Teile. Im ersten Teil werden die zwei Gerechtigkeitstheorien kurz umrissen, im zweiten Teil werden sie dann einander gegenübergestellt und etwaige Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede herausgearbeitet. Der dritte Teil befasst sich dann mit einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den beiden Theorien zur Beantwortung der oben genannten Leitfrage.
Just Health Care
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Author : Norman Daniels
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1985-08
Just Health Care written by Norman Daniels and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-08 with Philosophy categories.
Norman Daniels examines the medical policies and heath care dilemmas.
How Reform Worked In China
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Author : Yingyi Qian
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2017-11-24
How Reform Worked In China written by Yingyi Qian and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-24 with Business & Economics categories.
A noted Chinese economist examines the mechanisms behind China's economic reforms, arguing that universal principles and specific implementations are equally important. As China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, economists have tried to understand and interpret the success of Chinese reform. As the Chinese economist Yingyi Qian explains, there are two schools of thought on Chinese reform: the “School of Universal Principles,” which ascribes China's successful reform to the workings of the free market, and the “School of Chinese Characteristics,” which holds that China's reform is successful precisely because it did not follow the economics of the market but instead relied on the government. In this book, Qian offers a third perspective, taking certain elements from each school of thought but emphasizing not why reform worked but how it did. Economics is a science, but economic reform is applied science and engineering. To a practitioner, it is more useful to find a feasible reform path than the theoretically best way. The key to understanding how reform has worked in China, Qian argues, is to consider the way reform designs respond to initial historical conditions and contemporary constraints. Qian examines the role of “transitional institutions”—not “best practice institutions” but “incentive-compatible institutions”—in Chinese reform; the dual-track approach to market liberalization; the ownership of firms, viewed both theoretically and empirically; government decentralization, offering and testing hypotheses about its link to local economic development; and the specific historical conditions of China's regional-based central planning.
Critical Legal Thinking In Philosophy The Theories Of Bentham Rawl And Nozick
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Author : Pete Underwood
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2015-03-16
Critical Legal Thinking In Philosophy The Theories Of Bentham Rawl And Nozick written by Pete Underwood and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-16 with Law categories.
Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Law - Philosophy, History and Sociology of Law, grade: 2.1, Nottingham Trent University (Nottingham Law School), course: LL.B (Hons), language: English, abstract: Aristotle’s quotation attempts to link the concepts of equality and justice together to ascertain equality or inequality. Justice and equality, however, can be seen as two separate concepts and it is up for debate as to whether justice is a sort of equality. This leads to the more insightful question, what is justice? And how can it be achieved? In Aristotle’s quotation there is the mention of men, this raises the question; what about women? Surely if justice was linked with equality, which is often linked with nondiscrimination, it would include women being able to achieve justice. It is important to consider that Aristotle wrote in 300-400BC, when women were subordinate and slaves were permitted, when looking into his theories. Aristotle argued that there were two forms of justice; distribution the giving of honours and money and rectification which was more corrective and righting wrongs. Aristotle also looked at ‘the purpose’ argument, what was the purpose and that satisfaction arises from fulfilling this role. This essay will look at more recent theorists and their theories and to what justice may be and how to achieve it. In particular, this essay will focus on a utilitarian viewpoint using the theories of Jeremy Bentham and in contrast a Libertarian viewpoint using the theory of Robert Nozick. In addition to these two leading theorists,this essay will also look into the theory of the social contract from modern philosopher John Rawls.
Responsibility And Distributive Justice
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Author : Carl Knight
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-03-03
Responsibility And Distributive Justice written by Carl Knight and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-03 with Law categories.
This volume presents new essays investigating a difficult theoretical and practical problem: how do we find a place for individual responsibility in a theory of distributive justice? Does what we choose affect what we deserve? Would making justice sensitive to responsibility give people what they deserve? Would it advance or hinder equality?
Real Freedom For All
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Author : Philippe Van Parijs
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 1995-05-25
Real Freedom For All written by Philippe Van Parijs and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-05-25 with Political Science categories.
Capitalist societies are full of unacceptable inequalities. Freedom is of paramount importance. These two convictions are widely shared across the world. Yet they often seem in complete contradiction with each other. Fighting inequality jeopardizes freedom; taking freedom seriously boosts inequality. What can be done? Can the circle be squared? Philippe Van Parijs offers a ground breaking solution to the dilemma. Assessing and rejecting the claims of both socialism and conventional capitalism, he presents a clear and compelling alternative vision of the just society: a capitalist society offering a substantial unconditional basic income to all its members. Moving beyond pure political theory, Van Parijs shows what his ideal of free society means in the real world by drawing out its controversial policy implications. Real Freedom for All will be essential reading for anyone concerned about the just society and the welfare state as we move into the twenty first century.
Egalitarianism
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Author : Nils Holtug
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2006-11-30
Egalitarianism written by Nils Holtug and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-30 with Philosophy categories.
Egalitarianism, the view that equality matters, attracts a great deal of attention amongst contemporary political theorists. And yet it has turned out to be surprisingly difficult to provide a fully satisfactory egalitarian theory. The cutting-edge articles in Egalitarianism move the debate forward. They are written by some of the leading political philosophers in the field. Recent issues in the debate over equality are given careful consideration: the distinction between 'telic' and 'deontic' egalitarianism; prioritarianism and the so-called 'levelling down objection' to egalitarianism; whether egalitarian justice should have 'whole lives' or some subset thereof as its temporal focus; the implications of Scanlon's contractualist account of the value of choice for egalitarian justice; and the question of whether non-human animals fall within the scope of egalitarianism and if so, what the implications are. Numerous 'classic' issues receive a new treatment too: how egalitarianism can be justified and how, if at all, this value should be combined with other values such as desert, liberty and sufficiency; how to define the 'worst off' for the purposes of Rawls' difference principle; Elizabeth Anderson's feminist account of 'equality of relations'; how equality applies to risky choices and, in particular, whether it is justifiable to restrict the freedom of suppliers who wish to release goods that confer different levels of risk on consumers, depending on their ability to pay. Finally, the implications of egalitarianism and prioritarianism for health care are scrutinized. The contributors to the volume are: Richard Arneson, Linda Barclay, Thomas Christiano, Nils Holtug, Susan Hurley, Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Dennis McKerlie, Ingmar Persson, Bertil Tungodden, Peter Vallentyne, Andrew Williams, and Jonathan Wolff.
Justice Political Liberalism And Utilitarianism
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Author : Marc Fleurbaey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-12-23
Justice Political Liberalism And Utilitarianism written by Marc Fleurbaey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-23 with Business & Economics categories.
The utlitiarian economist and Nobel Laureate John Harsanyi and the liberal egalitarian philosopher John Rawls were two of the most eminent scholars writing on problems of social justice in the last century. The contributions to this volume, addressed to an interdisciplinary audience, pay tribute to them by investigating themes that figure prominently in their work. In some cases, the contributors explore issues considered by Harsanyi and Rawls in more depth and from novel perspectives. In others, the contributors use the work of Harsanyi and Rawls as points of departure for pursuing the construction of new theories for the evaluation of social justice.
The Concept Of Social Justice
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Author : Christopher Wolfe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Concept Of Social Justice written by Christopher Wolfe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Political Science categories.
"Social justice" is a term heard a great deal today, but what does it mean? It does not appear in pre-nineteenth century classic texts on justice. Is it a social agenda inspired by compassion? Is it a particular set of institutional arrangements to achieve justice? What the term means, and - in some quarters - whether it is even a term worth using, is a matter of controversy. The inspiration for this book comes from the fact that current discussions of "social justice" often deal overwhelmingly with programs that aim to advance certain specific and controversial policies to deal with various social problems. In the process, important theoretical questions about social justice are not even confronted, much less resolved. For example, what does the word "social" add to "justice"? Isn't all justice "social"? What is the relation between "social justice" and more classical Aristotelian terms such as "distributive justice," "commutative justice," and "legal justice"? With respect to its current usage, is the term "social justice" applicable only to special policies or programs (e.g., government or nonprofit social welfare programs)? Does it apply only to the provision of material goods and services? Does it play a role in the ordinary everyday world of business and work? The papers in this book aim, not at identifying some particular set of public policies that allegedly constitute the right content of "social justice," but at reflection on the meaning of social justice. It is not an exhortation to pursue policies that are "understood," without discussion, to be the right way to pursue social justice. It is not aimed at stimulating activism, mobilizing people to go out and achieve social justice now. Rather, it aims at building the foundation upon which people can identify general principles of justice, and make reasonable prudential judgments about how to pursue social justice. This theoretical orientation means that it is neither "right-wing" nor "left-wing." The Concept of Social Justice provides a range of insightful essays on the term and on its various uses and abuses. The authors of these papers are committed to something like "social justice" - they don't believe that it is spurious notion that should be rejected. They may very well disagree about exactly how to pursue social justice. But their primary concern here is to ask, simply, "what is social justice?" Jean Bethke Elshtain and Michael Novak show various ways in which the term has been misunderstood or narrowed or abused for ideological reasons. Nicholas Wolterstorff's essay makes careful distinctions necessary to identify the implications of adding "social" to "justice" and fleshes out a valuable notion of the concept. John Finnis locates the origins of social justice in an historical misreading of Thomas Aquinas' discussion of justice, which narrowed his "general justice" in a way that required a new notion of "social justice." Joseph Koterksi, S.J., Robert Kennedy, and J. Brian Benestad each elaborate some of the ways in which "social justice" has been used in the Catholic social teaching since Rerum Novarum and in international theological and U.S. episcopal documents. Readers will come away from this book with a deeper understanding of the origins of social justice, a sensitivity to the frequent abuses of the term, and a recognition of the forms in which it can be a valuable part of today's political discourse.
What Is American
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Author : Walter Hölbling
language : en
Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster
Release Date : 2004
What Is American written by Walter Hölbling and has been published by LIT Verlag Münster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with American literature categories.
"Identity is one of the central cultural narratives of the US on which both dominant and resistant discourses draw. This critical anthology honors the topic's diversity while concentrating on one central aspect, that of newness. Construction of identities, their invention, reinvention and reformulation are discussed within four thematic categories: New Concepts and Reconsiderations, Migration and Multiple Identities, Individuation and Privatized Identity Construction, and (Re-) Inventions and Virtual Identities. Written by European as well as U. S. scholars, ranging from the 19th century to the utopian future, from mainstream canonized figures to transgender performers, from a critique of individualism to a celebration of loneliness, the articles present a cross-section of current research on U.S. identities. "
