Spatial Wage Gaps In Frictional Labor Markets
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Spatial Wage Gaps In Frictional Labor Markets
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Author : Sebastian Heise
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Spatial Wage Gaps In Frictional Labor Markets written by Sebastian Heise and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Labor market categories.
We develop a job ladder model with labor reallocation across firms and regions, and estimate it on matched employer-employee data to study the large and persistent real wage gap between East and West Germany. We find that the wage gap is mostly due to firms paying higher wages per efficiency unit in West Germany and quantify a rich set of frictions preventing worker reallocation across space and across firms. We find that three spatial barriers impede East Germans' ability to migrate West: migration costs, their preference to live in the East, and fewer job opportunities received from the West. The estimated model highlights that the spatial barriers needed to generate the large wage gap between East and West are small relative to the frictions preventing the reallocation of labor across firms. Therefore, policies that directly promote regional integration lead to smaller aggregate benefits than equally costly hiring subsidies within region.
The Aggregate And Distributional Effects Of Spatial Frictions
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Author : Sebastian Heise
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
The Aggregate And Distributional Effects Of Spatial Frictions written by Sebastian Heise and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
We develop a general equilibrium model of frictional labor reallocation across firms and regions, and use it to quantify the aggregate and distributional effects of spatial frictions that hinder worker mobility across regions in Germany. The model leverages matched employer-employee data to unpack spatial frictions into different types while isolating them from labor market frictions that operate also within region. The estimated model shows sizable spatial frictions between East and West Germany, especially due to the limited ability of workers to obtain job offers from more distant regions. Despite the large real wage gap between East and West of Germany, removing the spatial frictions leads, in equilibrium, to only a small increase in aggregate productivity and it mostly affects the within-region allocation of labor to firms rather than the between-region allocation. However, spatial frictions have large distributional consequences, as their removal drastically reduces the gap in lifetime earnings between East and West Germans.
Firm Sorting And Spatial Inequality
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Author : Ilse Lindenlaub
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Firm Sorting And Spatial Inequality written by Ilse Lindenlaub and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
We study the importance of firm sorting for spatial inequality. If productive locations are able to attract the most productive firms, then firm sorting acts as an amplifier of spatial inequality. We develop a novel model of spatial firm sorting, in which heterogeneous firms first choose a location and then hire workers in a frictional local labor market. Firms' location choices are guided by a fundamental trade-off: Operating in productive locations increases output per worker, but sharing a labor market with other productive firms makes it hard to poach and retain workers, and hence limits firm size. We show that sorting between firms and locations is positive--i.e., more productive firms settle in more productive locations--if firm and location productivity are complements and labor market frictions are sufficiently large. We estimate our model using administrative data from Germany and find that highly productive firms indeed sort into the most productive locations. In our main application, we quantify the role of firm sorting for wage differences between East and West Germany, which reveals that firm sorting accounts for 17%-27% of the West-East wage gap.
Macroeconomics Of Labor Markets
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Author : Xincheng Qiu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Macroeconomics Of Labor Markets written by Xincheng Qiu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
This dissertation examines various aspects of the macroeconomics of labor markets. Chapter 1 develops a frictional labor market model that incorporates worker vacating, i.e., workers exiting the labor market hence vacating their positions. It provides novel insights into the business cycle theory of unemployment: Procyclical employment-to-nonparticipation quits contribute to vacancy fluctuations, accounting for about one-third of unemployment fluctuations. It also sheds new light on the possibility of a "soft landing" during the "Great Resignation": While creating a new job as investment activity is responsive to the interest rate, reposting a vacated position is not. Chapter 2, joint with Moritz Kuhn and Iourii Manovskii, studies the spatial differences across local labor markets. Guided by the novel facts on the geography of vacancies and job filling, we develop a spatial version of a Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model with endogenous separations and on-the-job search that quantitatively accounts for all the documented empirical regularities. The model also quantitatively rationalizes why the job-separation rate is more important in accounting for spatial differences in unemployment while the job-finding rate is more important in accounting for business cycle fluctuations in unemployment.Chapter 3, joint with Jincheng (Eric) Huang, investigates how wealth affects the allocation of workers and jobs. Using NLSY79 and O*NET, we document that wealth-poor workers are more mismatched with their jobs. We develop a model featuring worker and firm heterogeneity, search frictions, and incomplete markets, where a lack of wealth induces workers to trade off wages for finding a job faster due to precautionary motives. This phenomenon, referred to as "precautionary mismatch," leads to substantial within-type earnings and productivity gaps between the wealth-rich and the wealth-poor, especially among high-skilled workers. Chapter 4, joint with Hanming Fang, proposes and empirically implements a framework to infer from the repeated cross-sectional earnings data the experience effect, the cohort effect, and the time effect, under an identifying assumption that the growth of the experience effect stops at the end of one's working career. Applying this framework to data from China and the United States, we find that China has experienced a much larger inter-cohort productivity growth and higher increase in the rental price to human capital but lower returns to experience, compared to the U.S. We use the inferred components to revisit several applications in macroeconomics and labor economics.
Wage Inequality In A Frictional Labor Market
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Author : Joel H. Shapiro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Wage Inequality In A Frictional Labor Market written by Joel H. Shapiro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Locational Choice And Spatial Wage Inequality
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Author : Felix Schran
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Locational Choice And Spatial Wage Inequality written by Felix Schran and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
During the last few decades, aggregate wage growth has been very unevenly distributed across space in Germany. While wages in Southern German local labor markets rose by up to 28 log points, they increased only modestly or even declined in the north. Similar results apply to employment changes. Overall, this has led to a strong positive correlation between local wage and employment growth. What is driving these differential trends across space? This paper examines to what extent regions with growing employment are increasingly paying workers higher wage premia or, in contrast, to what extent the quality of workers in growing regions has risen. To decouple the demand for skill and supply of skill from each other, I estimate how regional wage premia have changed over time using administrative panel data that allow me to hold constant changes in unobserved worker quality. I find that wage premia in regions with expanding employment did not rise more than in regions with declining employment. Instead, the quality of workers in growing regions went up. I investigate the importance of various possible observables for this relationship including local amenity differences, changes in occupation and industry structure as well as variation in education rates. Last, I explore the impact of changing wage premia and changing worker quality on the recent rise in the density wage premium.
Wages And Employment In Frictional Labor Markets
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Author : Alfred Garloff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Wages And Employment In Frictional Labor Markets written by Alfred Garloff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Spatial Labor Market Frictions And Economic Convergence Policy Implications From A Heterogeneous Agent Model
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Author : Herbert Dawid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Spatial Labor Market Frictions And Economic Convergence Policy Implications From A Heterogeneous Agent Model written by Herbert Dawid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Spatial Wage Differentials In A Large City Labor Market
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Author : Albert Rees
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968*
Spatial Wage Differentials In A Large City Labor Market written by Albert Rees and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968* with categories.
Between Industry And Labor Market
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Author : Andrew S. Fullerton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Between Industry And Labor Market written by Andrew S. Fullerton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.