Spatio Temporal Patterns In Antarctic Minke Whale Balaenoptera Bonaerensis Vocal Behaviour In The Weddell Sea
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Spatio Temporal Patterns In Antarctic Minke Whale Balaenoptera Bonaerensis Vocal Behaviour In The Weddell Sea
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Author : Diego Andrés Filun Hernández
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Spatio Temporal Patterns In Antarctic Minke Whale Balaenoptera Bonaerensis Vocal Behaviour In The Weddell Sea written by Diego Andrés Filun Hernández and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Antarctic minke whales (AMW) have a circum-antarctic distribution and are known to occur in both open and ice-covered waters of the Southern Ocean (SO). They are a pagophilic species and are regularly observed in heavily sea-ice covered areas. Because of this, current knowledge about Antarctic minke whales is scarce and limited to austral summer and ice-free regions where the majority of visual survey data have been collected. Hence, very little is known on their winter distribution in high latitude waters and to what extent the wintering individuals that are occasionally observed in Antarctic waters represent single observations or a structurally present behavioral trait of the species. Likewise, AMW population structure is poorly known. As most baleen whale species, AMWs are known to undertake annual migrations between high latitude feeding areas and low latitude breeding areas. However, available data to date suggest that for AMWs, migrations seem more protracted and complex than in other baleen whale species. The recent identification of vocalizations produced by AMWs (“bio-duck call”) now makes it possible to also use passive acoustic technology to study occurrence patterns and behavior. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) offers a versatile technology with which long-term archival data can be collected on sound-producing species using autonomous recording units. Acoustic observation has the additional advantages that it can continue data collection independent of light conditions and under poor weather conditions. Furthermore, it can monitor large areas at the same time, since it collects data omnidirectionally, and it can collect data over extended periods (i.e., multi-year time scales) through the use of autonomous devices. In the scope of this doctoral thesis, I analysed passive acoustic data from high and low latitudes collected in the Atlantic Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean (Weddell Sea) and southern Atlantic Ocean, to investigate spatio-temporal patterns in the acoustic presence and vocal behaviour of AMWs. In Chapter I, I investigate year-round spatial- temporal patterns in AMW occurrence in ice-covered areas. Our analysis was based on a 9-year passive acoustic dataset (2008- 2016) from 21 locations throughout the Weddell Sea (WS). AMW bio-duck calls were detected acoustically at all mooring locations from May to December, with the highest presence between August and November (bio-duck calls present at more than 80% of days). At the southernmost recording locations, bio-duck calls were present up to 10 months of the year. We identified a substantial inter-annual variation in the seasonality of vocal activity correlated to variation in local ice concentration. Our analysis indicates that part of the AMW population stays in the Weddell Sea during austral winter. In Chapter II, I used PAM data from 6 positions located along the WS during 2013 as well as three consecutive years of PAM data (2015-2016-2017) recorded at the stationary coastal acoustic observatory PALAOA to study both spatial and inter-annual variability in the acoustic behavior of AMWs. During 2013, between May and December throughout the WS, we detected 11 different bio-duck call types. The comparative analyses of the AMW bio-duck call repertoire throughout the WS showed that these 11 call types can be attributed to four call type groups. Furthermore, multi-year data from PALAOA on AMW repertoire composition showed an inter-annual difference in bio-duck call type usage. The observed patterns in AMW vocal behavior show that AMW vocal behavior matches the definition of song, exhibiting regional differences and highly dynamic revolutions over time. This study provides new information to potentially explore stock structures and movement patterns using passive acoustic methods. In Chapter III, my work addressed the occurrence of the AMW through bio-duck acoustic detections in the Santos Basin, South-Southeastern Brazil (22o and 28o S / 42o and 48o W), recorded between 12 November and 19 December 19, 2015, utilizing advanced passive acoustic technologies, i.e., an autonomous underwater vehicle (SeaGlider), for sampling. AMW calls were detected during 12 days. We detected and classified 9 different bio-duck calls in Brazilian coastal waters, evidencing a highly diverse acoustic behavior on this potential Antarctic minke whale breeding ground. Finally, in Chapter IV, our study investigated the temporal patterns of acoustic occurrence of baleen whales in a presumed baleen whale breeding area off Namibia. Our results show seasonal acoustic presence of humpback whales, fin whales and Antarctic minke whales from November to January and from June to August. Their acoustic absence from February to May possibly indicates that most animals migrated to other areas (presumably in higher latitudes) in austral summer to feed. Our findings support the presumed ecological importance of the oceanic area off Namibia, providing (part of) a suitable cetacean wintering and, possibly, breeding range or migratory corridor. Furthermore, the occurrence of Antarctic blue and minke whales off Namibia, concurrent with their reported acoustic presence in high-latitude feeding areas, adds to growing evidence that baleen whale migration is not obligate but much more dynamic than previously assumed. Overall, this PhD thesis highlights the significance of using long-term and large-scale datasets for the investigation of distribution patterns, habitat preferences, behavior and the effects of environmental variation on AMW distribution. The results present new information about fundamental and ecological knowledge of AMWs that can be implemented for the conservation and management of populations and ecosystems.
Innovation And Discoveries In Marine Soundscape Research
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Author : Bob Dziak
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-04
Innovation And Discoveries In Marine Soundscape Research written by Bob Dziak and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-04 with Science categories.
Satellite Tracking Antarctic Minke Whales Balaenoptera Bonaerensis In A Dynamic Sea Ice Habitat Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula
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Author : Jessica F. Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Satellite Tracking Antarctic Minke Whales Balaenoptera Bonaerensis In A Dynamic Sea Ice Habitat Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula written by Jessica F. Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Antarctic minke whale categories.
The Southern Ocean and Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) are an ecologically vital polar marine habitat supporting rich stocks of plankton, krill, and top predators. Abiotic factors such as sea ice dynamics, sea surface temperature, and bathymetry are key predictors of the spatial distribution of plankton blooms and therefore greatly affect krill and baleen whale populations. This study aims to understand the habitat preference of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) with respect to sea ice dynamics and other abiotic factors around the WAP. Ship- and aerial-based surveys have suggested this mesopredator exhibits a pagophilic nature, and we provide the first satellite tag-based habitat analysis that confirms this hypothesis. As a relatively small baleen whale species, the Antarctic minke whale is well suited to life in the pack ice where larger cetacean species are unable to maneuver or hunt as successfully. Daily movements were recorded with ARGOS satellite tags and behavioral states were described using the Multi-Scale Straightness Index. Generalized additive models (GAMs) elucidated ecological relationships between the whales and the environment. The GAMs demonstrated a strong preference for sea ice habitat, where the minke whales preferred to forage close to the sea ice edge as well as within the dense pack ice. The GAMs also indicated individual preferences with respect to sea surface temperature and bathymetry, demonstrating the importance of these variables in locating dense prey aggregations. The coupled relationship between minke whales, krill, and sea ice suggests that these whales will be sensitive to changes in sea ice concentration, extent, and duration, making them particularly vulnerable to climate change. Results from this analysis will therefore be beneficial for conservation and future research.
Biology And Ecology Of Antarctic Krill
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Author : Volker Siegel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-03
Biology And Ecology Of Antarctic Krill written by Volker Siegel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-03 with Science categories.
This book gives a unique insight into the current knowledge of krill population dynamics including distribution, biomass, production, recruitment, growth and mortality rates. Detailed analysis is provided on food and feeding, reproduction and krill behaviour. The volume provides an overview on the aspects of natural challenges to the species, which involve predation, parasites and the commercial exploitation of the resource and its management. A chapter on genetics shows the results of population subdivision and summarizes recent work on sequencing transcriptomes for studying gene function as part of the physiology of live krill. The focus of Chapter 4 is on physiological functions such as biochemical composition, metabolic activity and growth change with ontogeny and season; and will demonstrate which environmental factors are the main drivers for variability. Further discussed in this chapter are the bottle necks which occur in the annual life cycle of krill, and the mechanisms krill have adapted to cope with severe environmental condition.
Marine Mammals Of The World A Comprehensive Guide To Their Identification
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Author : Thomas Allen Jefferson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-08-29
Marine Mammals Of The World A Comprehensive Guide To Their Identification written by Thomas Allen Jefferson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-29 with Science categories.
With coverage on all the marine mammals of the world, authors Jefferson, Webber, and Pitman have created a user-friendly guide to identify marine mammals alive in nature (at sea or on the beach), dead specimens “in hand , and also to identify marine mammals based on features of the skull. This handy guide provides marine biologists and interested lay people with detailed descriptions of diagnostic features, illustrations of external appearance, beautiful photographs, dichotomous keys, and more. Full color illustrations and vivid photographs of every living marine mammal species are incorporated, as well as comprehendible maps showing a range of information. For readers who desire further consultation, authors have included a list of literature references at the end of each species account. For an enhanced understanding of habitation, this guide also includes recognizable geographic forms described separately with colorful paintings and photographs. All of these essential tools provided make Marine Mammals of the World the most detailed and authoritative guide available! * Contains superb photographs of every species of marine mammal for accurate identification * Authors’ collective experience adds up to 80 years, and have seen nearly all of the species and distinctive geographic forms described in the guide * Provides the most detailed and anatomically accurate illustrations currently available * Special emphasis is placed on the identification of species in “problem groups, such as the beaked whales, long-beaked oceanic dolphin, and southern fur seals * Includes a detailed list of sources for more information at the back of the book.
Ethology And Behavioral Ecology Of Odontocetes
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Author : Bernd Würsig
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-08-02
Ethology And Behavioral Ecology Of Odontocetes written by Bernd Würsig and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-02 with Science categories.
This book concentrates on the marine mammalian group of Odontocetes, the toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises. In 23 chapters, a total of 40 authors describe general patterns of ethological concepts of odontocetes in their natural environments, with a strong bent towards behavioral ecology. Examples are given of particularly well-studied species and species groups for which enough data exist, especially from the past 15 years. The aim is to give a modern flavor of present knowledge of ethology and behavior of generally large-brained behaviorally flexible mammals that have evolved quite separately from social mammals on land. As well, the plight of populations and species due to humans is described in multiple chapters, with the goal that an understanding of behavior can help to solve or alleviate at least some human-made problems.
The Dusky Dolphin
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Author : Bernd Würsig
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-07-17
The Dusky Dolphin written by Bernd Würsig and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-17 with Science categories.
The Dusky Dolphin: Master Acrobat Off Different Shores covers various topics about the dusky dolphin, including its taxonomy, history and demography, ecology, and behavior. After introducing the dusky dolphin as a member of the genus Lagenorhynchus under the family Delphinidae, the book continues by describing its life history, its demographic patterns, and its role in the food web considering predation, parasitism, and competition. The book also includes chapters that discuss the interaction of the dusky dolphin with its habitats, such as the dusky dolphin’s sound production, its foraging at night and in daylight, its survival strategies in response to predator threats, the mating habits of New Zealand duskies, calf rearing, sexual segregation, and genetic relationships. Other chapters address the interaction of dusky dolphins with humans. This book offers information about dusky dolphins off Southern Africa and discussions about the patterns of sympatry in Lagenorhynchus and Cephalorhynchus. Finally, comparisons between dusky dolphins and great apes as large-brained mammals are also reviewed in this book. Only book fully devoted to the southern hemisphere "dusky" dolphin Heavily illustrated with charts, figures, tables, and all color photos Written by a cadre of experts intimately familiar with dolphin field work Written in an accurate yet accessible style for the scientist and natural historian alike
Marine Mammal Welfare
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Author : Andy Butterworth
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-19
Marine Mammal Welfare written by Andy Butterworth and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-19 with Science categories.
Marine mammals attract human interest – sometimes this interest is benign or positive – whale watching, conservation programmes for whales, seals, otters, and efforts to clear beaches of marine debris are seen as proactive steps to support these animals. However, there are many forces operating to affect adversely the lives of whales, seals, manatees, otters and polar bears – and this book explores how the welfare of marine mammals has been affected and how they have adapted, moved, responded and sometimes suffered as a result of the changing marine and human world around them. Marine mammal welfare addresses the welfare effects of marine debris, of human traffic in the oceans, of noise, of hunting, of whale watching and tourism, and of some of the less obvious impacts on marine mammals – on their social structures, on their behaviours and migration, and also of the effects on captivity for animals kept in zoos and aquaria. There is much to think and talk about – how marine mammals respond in a world dramatically influenced by man, how are their social structures affected and how is their welfare impacted?
Odontocetes
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Author : Boris M. Culik
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2011
Odontocetes written by Boris M. Culik and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas categories.
Toothed whales occur in a wide range of marine and freshwater habitats, from the Arctic to the tropics. Some species live in large river systems such as the Amazon, Ganges, Indus and Yangtze. This encyclopedia on all 72 species of toothed whales includes the most recent scientific findings on the distribution, migration, behaviour and threats to this group of whales.
An Introduction To Coastal Ecology
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Author : Patrick J. S. Boaden
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
An Introduction To Coastal Ecology written by Patrick J. S. Boaden and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Studies of marine ecology have traditionally been approached through lectures and field courses devoted mainly to intertidal and inshore habitats, and it is surprising in these days of increased awareness of man's environmental impact that so little attention has been given to integrated approaches involving the whole coastal zone and including the terrestrial part, which is man's major habitat. The coastal zone has been the subject of extensive investigation, not only because of its biological diversity and accessibility, but also because of its economic and aesthetic importance to man. This book is written with the intention of providing a concise but readable account of coastal ecology for advanced undergraduates and immediate postgraduates. We have adopted a habitat-organismal ap proach because we believe that a knowledge of biota and major features of their environment is the best key to an understanding of both larger-scale processes, such as energy flow and nutrient cycling, and smaller-scale but equally fundamental processes, such as behavioural and physiological ecology. Examples have been selected from polar, temperate and tropical regions of the world. The breadth of the subject has dictated selectivity from sources too numerous to acknowledge individually, but we have included an up-to-date reference list for the main subjects of each chapter.