Spawning Egg Development And Early Life History Dynamics Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias In The Gulf Of Alaska
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Spawning Egg Development And Early Life History Dynamics Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias In The Gulf Of Alaska
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Author : Deborah M. Blood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Spawning Egg Development And Early Life History Dynamics Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias In The Gulf Of Alaska written by Deborah M. Blood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Arrowtooth flounder categories.
Spawning Egg Development And Early Life History Dynamics Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias In The Gulf Of Alaska
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Author : Deborah M. Blood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Spawning Egg Development And Early Life History Dynamics Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias In The Gulf Of Alaska written by Deborah M. Blood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Arrowtooth flounder categories.
Dispersal Fishing And The Conservation Of Marine Species
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Author : Malin La Farge Pinsky
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Dispersal Fishing And The Conservation Of Marine Species written by Malin La Farge Pinsky and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
A central goal of ecology is to understand the forces driving the distribution and abundance of organisms. However, understanding the population dynamics of high-dispersal species, their conservation, and the connections between population dynamics and evolution remains difficult. It is in this context that marine organisms provide a particularly intriguing and challenging study system. Their population dynamics are often highly stochastic, most species have a great ability to disperse, and as the last group of wild species exploited commercially, their ecology and evolution can be strongly influenced by human behavior. By using population genetics, modeling, and meta-analysis, this thesis investigates the spatial ecology of reef fish and the causes and evolutionary consequences of global fisheries collapse. One of the first challenges in understanding spatial population dynamics is obtaining accurate measurements of dispersal abilities. This has been especially difficult for marine species with pelagic larvae. In Chapter 1, I apply a new approach to measuring single-generation dispersal kernels in Clark's anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii) in the central Philippines. After developing two methods for measuring the strength of local genetic drift, my results suggest that larval dispersal kernels in A. clarkii had a spread near 11 km (4-27 km). This study shows that ecologically relevant larval dispersal can be estimated with widely available genetic methods when effective density is measured carefully through cohort sampling and ecological censuses. In Chapter 2, I use dispersal kernels to develop a model for population openness. Openness refers to the degree to which populations are replenished by immigrants or by local production, a factor that has strong implications for population dynamics, species interactions, and response to exploitation. It is also a population trait that has been increasingly measured empirically, though we have until now lacked theory for predicting population openness. I show that considering habitat isolation elegantly explains the existence of surprisingly closed populations in high dispersal species, and that relatively closed populations are expected when patch spacing is more than twice the standard deviation of a species' dispersal kernel. In addition, empirical scales of habitat patchiness on coral reefs are sufficient to create both largely open and largely closed populations. We predict that habitat patchiness has strong control over population replenishment pathways for a wide range of marine and terrestrial species with a highly dispersive life stage. While the first tow chapters have strong implications for the design of regional marine protected areas, I turn to global conservation questions in Chapters 3 and 4. I first ask which marine fishes are most vulnerable to human impacts. Surveys of terrestrial species have suggested that large-bodied species and top predators are the most at risk, but there has been no global test of this hypothesis in the sea. Contrary to expectations, two datasets compiled from around the world suggest that up to twice as many fisheries for small, low trophic level species have collapsed as compared to those for large predators. I then show that collapsed and overfished species have lower genetic diversity than their close relatives. While the ecological and ecosystem impacts of harvesting wild populations have long been recognized, it has been controversial how widespread evolutionary impacts are. Using a meta-analytical approach across 37 taxonomically paired comparisons, I find on average 19% fewer alleles per locus in overfished species, but little difference in heterozygosity. I confirm with simulations that these results are consistent with a recent population bottleneck. These results suggest that the genetic impacts of overharvest are widespread, even among abundant species. A loss of allelic richness has implications for the long-term evolutionary potential of species.
Age Determination Manual Of The Alaska Fisheries Science Center Age And Growth Program
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Author : Mary Elizabeth Matta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Age Determination Manual Of The Alaska Fisheries Science Center Age And Growth Program written by Mary Elizabeth Matta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Fishes categories.
The Age and Growth Program at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center is tasked with providing age data in order to improve the basic understanding of the ecology and fisheries dynamics of Alaskan fish species. The primary focus of the Age and Growth Program is to estimate ages from otoliths and other calcified structures for age-structured modeling of commercially exploited stocks; however, the program has recently expanded its interests to include numerous studies on topics ranging from age estimate validation to the growth and life-history of non-target species. Because so many applications rely upon age data and particularly upon assurances as to their accuracy and precision, the Age and Growth Program has developed this practical guide to document the age determination of key groundfish species from Alaskan waters. The main objective of this manual is to describe techniques specific to the age determination of commercially and ecologically important species studied by the Age and Growth Program. The manual also provides general background information on otolith morphology, dissection, and preparation, as well as descriptions of methods used to measure precision and accuracy of age estimates. This manual is intended not only as a reference for age readers at the AFSC and other laboratories, but also to give insight into the quality of age estimates to scientists who routinely use such data.
Maturity And Seasonal Spawning Cycles Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias Off Washington
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Author : Martha H. Rickey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Maturity And Seasonal Spawning Cycles Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias Off Washington written by Martha H. Rickey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Arrowtooth flounder categories.
Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Arrowtooth Flounder
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Author : Kenneth Allen Bouwens
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Investigations Into The Early Life History Of Arrowtooth Flounder written by Kenneth Allen Bouwens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Fishes categories.
Temporal Variability In The Food Habits Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias In The Western Gulf Of Alaska
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Author : Brian Anthony Knoth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Temporal Variability In The Food Habits Of Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias In The Western Gulf Of Alaska written by Brian Anthony Knoth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Arrowtooth flounder categories.
Spawning Behavior And Early Life History Of Walleye Pollock Theragra Chalcogramma In Shelikof Strait Gulf Of Alaska In Relation To Oceanographic Factors
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Author : Suam Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Spawning Behavior And Early Life History Of Walleye Pollock Theragra Chalcogramma In Shelikof Strait Gulf Of Alaska In Relation To Oceanographic Factors written by Suam Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Walleye pollock categories.
Exploring The Spawning Dynamics And Identifying Limitations To The Early Life History Survival Of An Important Endemic Fish Species
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Author : Sara Elizabeth Seidel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Exploring The Spawning Dynamics And Identifying Limitations To The Early Life History Survival Of An Important Endemic Fish Species written by Sara Elizabeth Seidel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Electronic dissertations categories.
For many native, imperiled salmonid species, the prioritization of recovery and conservation efforts hinges upon the identification of a species most limiting life stage. The early life-history stage can be a limiting life stage for fish, and given the importance of the reproductive stage to overall persistence, there is a need to better understand the spawning ecology and early life history of many salmonids. The Logan River, in northern Utah, contains one of the largest metapopulations of imperiled Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT) throughout the Bonneville Basin. LIttle research has evaluated the temporal and spatial distribution of BCT spawning nor quantified their early life-history survival. In the summer of 2009, I documented the spawning ecology of BCT and quantified their early life-history survival via egg-to-fry survival field experiments in four tributaries to the Logan River. I observed considerable variability in the timing, magnitude, and duration of spawning between study streams, in part as a function of a variable, multi-peaked hydrograph. I also conducted egg-to-fry survival experiments using incubation boxes and hatchery-fertilized, eyed cutthroat embryos and installed these boxes throughout my study streams. I found that survival was extremely variable within and among my study streams. For example, the variation I observed in survival appeared to be a function of fine sediment loads. Lastly, I observed that in the Logan River the timing of greatest intensity of both stream side and in-stream anthropogenic activities (e.g., livestock grazing, horseback riding) overlaps directly with the spawning and early life stages of BCT. Using my estimates of early survival, I revised a four-stage matrix population model for BCT in order to evaluate the hypothetical effects of anthropogenic impact on rearing areas. I determine that population growth rates are sensitive to perturbation at the egg-to-fry and fry to age-1 stages, and if even a small number of redds are destroyed through habitat degradation, a high degree of immigration of reproductivityly mature BCT is required to maintain the near-term persistence of this population. Future conservation efforts for BCT should be prioritized to protect areas where land-use activities are high during the sensitive spawning and early life-stage periods.
Feeding Habits Of The Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias From The Northeast Gulf Of Alaska
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Author : John R. Rose
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Feeding Habits Of The Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes Stomias From The Northeast Gulf Of Alaska written by John R. Rose and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Fishes categories.