State Growth And Social Exclusion In Tibet
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State Growth And Social Exclusion In Tibet
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Author : Andrew Martin Fischer
language : en
Publisher: NIAS Press
Release Date : 2005
State Growth And Social Exclusion In Tibet written by Andrew Martin Fischer and has been published by NIAS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
The most pressing economic challenges facing the Tibetan areas of western China relate to the marginalization of the majority of Tibetans from rapid state-led growth. The urban-rural divide plays an important role in this polarized dynamic but alone only partially explains differences with other Chinese regions, all of which generally exhibit strong spatial inequalities. This book therefore focuses on several further factors that determine the ethnically exclusionary character of current peripheral growth in the Tibetan areas. These include processes of urbanization, immigration, employment, and education as key factors underlying structural economic change.
The Disempowered Development Of Tibet In China
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Author : Andrew Martin Fischer
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2013-12-20
The Disempowered Development Of Tibet In China written by Andrew Martin Fischer and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Series: Studies in Modern Tibetan Culture, Lexington Books Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University Since the central government of China started major campaigns for western development in the mid-1990s, the economies of the Tibetan areas in Western China have grown rapidly and living standards have improved. However, grievances and protests have also intensified, as dramatically evidenced by the protests that spread across most Tibetan areas in spring 2008 and by the more recent wave of self-immolation protests that started in 2011. This book offers a detailed and careful exploration of this synergy between development and conflict in Tibet from the mid-1990s onwards, when rapid economic growth has occurred in tandem with a particularly assimilationist approach of integrating Tibet into China. Fischer argues that the intensified economic integration of Tibet into regional and national development strategies on these assimilationist terms, within a context of continued political disempowerment, and through the massive channeling of subsidies through Han Chinese dominated entities based outside the Tibetan areas, has accentuated various dynamics of subordination and marginalization faced by Tibetans of all social strata. Whether or not these dynamics are intended to be discriminatory, they effectively accentuate the discriminatory, assimilationist and disempowering characteristics of development, even while producing considerable improvements in the material consumption of local Tibetans. In particular, strong cultural, linguistic and political biases intensify ethnically-exclusionary dynamics among middle and upper strata of the Tibetan labor force, which is problematic considering the rapid shift of Tibetans out of agriculture and towards the highly subsidy-dependent sectors of the economy, especially in urban areas. The combination of these disempowering dynamics with the sheer speed of dislocating and disembedding social change provides important insights into recent tensions given that it has accentuated insecurity while restricting the ability of Tibetan communities to adapt in autonomous and self-determined ways. The study represents one of the only macro-level and systemic analyses of its kind in the scholarship on Tibet, based on accessible economic analysis and extensive interdisciplinary fieldwork. It also carries much interest for those interested in China and in the interactions between development, inequality, exclusion and conflict more generally.
Taming Tibet
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Author : Emily Yeh
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2013-11-15
Taming Tibet written by Emily Yeh and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-15 with History categories.
The violent protests in Lhasa in 2008 against Chinese rule were met by disbelief and anger on the part of Chinese citizens and state authorities, perplexed by Tibetans' apparent ingratitude for the generous provision of development. In Taming Tibet, Emily T. Yeh examines how Chinese development projects in Tibet served to consolidate state space and power. Drawing on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork between 2000 and 2009, Yeh traces how the transformation of the material landscape of Tibet between the 1950s and the first decade of the twenty-first century has often been enacted through the labor of Tibetans themselves. Focusing on Lhasa, Yeh shows how attempts to foster and improve Tibetan livelihoods through the expansion of markets and the subsidized building of new houses, the control over movement and space, and the education of Tibetan desires for development have worked together at different times and how they are experienced in everyday life. The master narrative of the PRC stresses generosity: the state and Han migrants selflessly provide development to the supposedly backward Tibetans, raising the living standards of the Han's "little brothers." Arguing that development is in this context a form of "indebtedness engineering," Yeh depicts development as a hegemonic project that simultaneously recruits Tibetans to participate in their own marginalization while entrapping them in gratitude to the Chinese state. The resulting transformations of the material landscape advance the project of state territorialization. Exploring the complexity of the Tibetan response to—and negotiations with—development, Taming Tibet focuses on three key aspects of China's modernization: agrarian change, Chinese migration, and urbanization. Yeh presents a wealth of ethnographic data and suggests fresh approaches that illuminate the Tibet Question.
Corporate Social Responsibility
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Author : Chris Fletcher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Corporate Social Responsibility written by Chris Fletcher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Despite China's extraordinary economic prosperity, not all are benefiting: Tibet is a case in point. The Tibetan areas of China exhibit massive socioeconomic inequality. When comparing jobs, wealth, and education statistics, significant disparities between Tibetans and Chinese surface, with Tibetans faring poorly. This results in a Tibetan sense of dispossession and marginalization that was, in part, a cause of the social unrest exhibited by the 2008 protests, and, more recently, the wave of self-immolations and protests over the practices of certain companies. With Tibet's further economic opening through new infrastructure networks to China -- and thus the world -- private sector involvement in Tibet's markets will increase, not only for Chinese companies (State-owned and private) but also in the form of foreign direct investment. These business opportunities hold the potential for great value, so long as they are pursued in a way that does not continue to exclude Tibetans from the fruits of economic growth. Unless a new development strategy is created that allows for the needs and views of Tibetans to be addressed and integrated, feelings of dispossession and marginalization will only worsen with more Tibetan protests, uprisings and self-immolations to follow, thus undermining China's highly desired social stability and companies' ability to operate free from protests. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) -- the business practice of integrating respect for international human rights and environmental sustainability laws and norms into company decisions and core operations -- offers a potential solution in which Tibetans can take advantage of much-needed and wanted socioeconomic development and business can flourish amid new markets and opportunities. The end result is the possibility of a win-win solution in which the interests of Tibetans, the business community, and, by extension, the Chinese government can all be served.
Teaching And Learning In Tibet
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Author : Ellen Bangsbo
language : en
Publisher: NIAS Press
Release Date : 2004
Teaching And Learning In Tibet written by Ellen Bangsbo and has been published by NIAS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Education categories.
Comprises a literature review of research and policy publications related to basic and primary schooling and quality education in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR). These have been collected from selected official Chinese sources, Tibetan NGOs outside Tibet, international news agencies and Chinese, Tibetan, and international scholars with knowledge of social and educational issues in China and Tibet. The study is in two parts: Part I: a review of research and policy publications related to basic and primary education in Tibet/China, and Part II: an annex with a list of literature, websites and journals, and other statistical information.
Poverty As Ideology
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Author : Andrew Martin Fischer
language : en
Publisher: Zed Books
Release Date : 2019-01-15
Poverty As Ideology written by Andrew Martin Fischer and has been published by Zed Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-15 with Social Science categories.
Winner of the International Studies in Poverty Prize awarded by the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty (CROP) and Zed Books. Poverty has become the central focus of global development efforts, with a vast body of research and funding dedicated to its alleviation. And yet, the field of poverty studies remains deeply ideological and has been used to justify wealth and power within the prevailing world order. Andrew Martin Fischer clarifies this deeply political character, from conceptions and measures of poverty through to their application as policies. Poverty as Ideology shows how our dominant approaches to poverty studies have, in fact, served to reinforce the prevailing neoliberal ideology while neglecting the wider interests of social justice that are fundamental to creating more equitable societies. Instead, our development policies have created a 'poverty industry' that obscures the dynamic reproductions of poverty within contemporary capitalist development and promotes segregation in the name of science and charity. Fischer argues that an effective and lasting solution to global poverty requires us to reorient our efforts away from current fixations on productivity and towards more equitable distributions of wealth and resources. This provocative work offers a radical new approach to understanding poverty based on a comprehensive and accessible critique of key concepts and research methods. It upends much of the received wisdom to provide an invaluable resource for students, teachers and researchers across the social sciences.
The Battle For Fortune
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Author : Charlene Makley
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2018-05-15
The Battle For Fortune written by Charlene Makley and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Based on long-term fieldwork in a rural Tibetan region in China's northwest (2002-13), 'The Battle for Fortune' is an ethnography of state-local relations among Tibetans marginalized underChina's Great Develop the West campaign and during the 2008 military crackdown on Tibetan unrest. The study brings anthropological approaches to states and development into dialogue with recent interdisciplinary debates about the very nature of human subjectivity and relations with nonhuman others (including deities).
Ethnic Conflict And Protest In Tibet And Xinjiang
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Author : Ben Hillman
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2016-04-05
Ethnic Conflict And Protest In Tibet And Xinjiang written by Ben Hillman and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-05 with History categories.
Despite more than a decade of rapid economic development, rising living standards, and large-scale improvements in infrastructure and services, China's western borderlands are awash in a wave of ethnic unrest not seen since the 1950s. Through on-the-ground interviews and firsthand observations, the international experts in this volume create an invaluable record of the conflicts and protests as they have unfolded—the most extensive chronicle of events to date. The authors examine the factors driving the unrest in Tibet and Xinjiang and the political strategies used to suppress them. They also explain why certain areas have seen higher concentrations of ethnic-based violence than others. Essential reading for anyone struggling to understand the origins of unrest in contemporary Tibet and Xinjiang, this volume considers the role of propaganda and education as generators and sources of conflict. It links interethnic strife to economic growth and connects environmental degradation to increased instability. It captures the subtle difference between violence in urban Xinjiang and conflict in rural Tibet, with detailed portraits of everyday individuals caught among the pressures of politics, history, personal interest, and global movements with local resonance.
China
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Author : Human Rights in China (Organization)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
China written by Human Rights in China (Organization) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with History categories.
Over the past 25 years, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has undergone rapid social and economic change. It has also become an increasingly active member of the international community, including in the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Within a framework that maintains the supremacy of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the PRC has aimed to build its legal system and a rule of law that promotes its economic reform policies. However, this rule of law appears to use the law as a tool to maintain political control, and the government reform policies continue to have a serious impact on undermining human rights - with a particular impact on vulnerable groups, including over 700 million rural inhabitants, 140,000 migrants and ethnic minorities.
China S Internal And International Migration
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Author : Li Peilin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-07
China S Internal And International Migration written by Li Peilin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-07 with Social Science categories.
One consequence of China’s economic growth has been a massive increase in migration, both internal and external. Within China millions of rural workers have migrated to the cities. Outside China, many Chinese have migrated to other parts of the world, their remittances home often having a significant impact within China. Also, China’s increasing links to other parts of the world have led to a growth in migration to China, most interestingly recently migration from Africa. Based on extensive original research, this book examines a wide range of issues connected to Chinese migration.