Strategi Shalahuddin Al Ayyubi Dalam Penaklukan Baitul Maqdis 570 583 H

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Strategi Shalahuddin Al Ayyubi Dalam Penaklukan Baitul Maqdis 570 583 H

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Author : Amir Sahidin
language : id
Publisher: UNIDA GONTOR PRESS
Release Date : 2022-11-10

Strategi Shalahuddin Al Ayyubi Dalam Penaklukan Baitul Maqdis 570 583 H written by Amir Sahidin and has been published by UNIDA GONTOR PRESS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-10 with Biography & Autobiography categories.

Baitul Maqdis adalah salah satu kota tertua di dunia, terletak di pertengahan wilayah Palestina, di atas bukit dengan ketinggian antara 38 hingga 720 meter dari permukaan laut.1 Kota tersebut merupakan ibu kota Syam dan merupakan negeri yang disifati oleh Allah dengan keberkahan.2 Bagi umat Islam Baitul Maqdis memiliki arti yang sangat penting. Ia merupakan kiblat pertama, sebelum dialihkan ke kakbah yang terletak di dalam masjidil Haram di Mekah. Selain itu, di dalam Baitul Maqdis terdapat masjid al-Aqsha yang Allah sejajarkan kedudukannya dengan masjidil Haram (QS. Al-Isra:1). Dalam lintas sejarah, kaum Muslimin berkuasa atas Baitul Maqdis selama berabad-abad mulai dari masa Khulafa’ ar-Rasyidin, Umawiyah dan berlanjut sampai era Abbasiyah. Setelah terjadi kemunduran, pergolakan dan perpecahan di dalam tubuh kekuasaan Daulah Abbasiyah, pasukan Salib mendapatkan kesempatan untuk melancarkan invasi ke Baitul Maqdis yang mereka sebut dengan Perang Suci atau Perang Salib.3 Invasi Perang Salib tersebut akhirnya menimbulkan dampak yang memilukan bagi kaum Muslimin. Mereka berhasil meletakkan dasar pembangunan empat pemerintahan Salibis, yaitu pada bagian atas sungai Eufrat (Ruha); bagian atas Syam (Anthokhia); kawasan pantai Syam (Tripoli) dan pada jantung Palestina (Baitul Maqdis) yang merupakan pemerintahan terbesar.4 Ditambah lagi dengan pembantaian terhadap kaum Muslimin mencapai 70 ribu orang. Sampai-sampai aliran darah kaum Muslimin berubah menjadi sungai di masjid al-Aqsha, lorong-lorong serta perempatan-perempatan.

A Source Book For Mediaeval History Selected Documents Illustrating The History Of Europe In The Middle Age

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Author : Oliver J. Thatcher
language : en
Publisher: CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS
Release Date : 1905

A Source Book For Mediaeval History Selected Documents Illustrating The History Of Europe In The Middle Age written by Oliver J. Thatcher and has been published by CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1905 with Europe categories.

A Source Book for Mediaeval History : Selected Documents illustrating the History of Europe in the Middle Age It will be observed that we have made use chiefly of documents, quoting from chronicles only when it seemed absolutely necessary. An exception to this general principle is found in section I, where a larger use of chronicles was rendered necessary by the lack of documentary sources for much of the period covered; but it is perhaps unnecessary to apologize for presenting selections from the important histories of Tacitus, Gregory, Einhard, and Widukind. In the matter of form (translation, omissions, arrangements, notes, etc.), we were guided by considerations of the purpose of the book. The style of most of the documents in the original is involved, obscure, bombastic, and repetitious. A faithful rendition into English would often be quite unintelligible. We have endeavored to make a clear and readable translation, but always to give the correct meaning. If we have failed in the latter it is not for want of constant effort. We have not hesitated to omit phrases and clauses, often of a parenthetical nature, the presence of which in the translation would only render the passage obscure and obstruct the thought. As a rule we have given the full text of the body of the document, but we have generally omitted the first and last paragraphs, the former containing usually titles and pious generalities, and the latter being composed of lists of witnesses, etc. We have given a sufficient number of the documents in full to illustrate these features of mediæval diplomatics. All but the most trivial omissions in the text (which are matters rather of form of translation) are indicated thus: ... Insertions in the text to explain the meaning of phrases are inclosed in brackets [ ]. Quotations from the Bible are regularly given in the words of the Authorized Version, but where the Latin (taken from the Vulgate) differs in any essential manner, we have sometimes translated the passage literally. Within each section the documents are arranged in chronological order, except in a few cases where the topical arrangement seemed necessary. We believe that the explanatory notes in the form of introductions and foot-notes will be found of service; they are by no means exhaustive, but are intended to explain the setting and importance of the document and the difficult or obscure passages it may contain. The reference to the work or the collection in which the original is found is given after the title of practically every document; the meaning of the references will be plain from the accompanying bibliography. The original of nearly all the documents is in Latin; some few are in Greek, Old French, or German, and in such cases the language of the original is indicated. It is impossible, of course, to give explicit directions as to the use of the book, other than the very obvious methods of requiring the student to read and analyze the documents assigned in connection with the lesson in the text-book, and of making clear to him the relation of the document to the event. It may be possible also for the teacher to give the student some notion of the meaning of "historical method"; e.g., the necessity of making allowance for the ignorance or the bias of the author in chronicles, or the way in which a knowledge of institutions is deduced from incidental references in documents. Suggestions of both sorts will be found in the introduction and notes. The teacher should insist on the use of such helps as are found in the book: notes, cross-references, glossary, etc. Groups of documents can be used to advantage in topical work: assigned topics worked up from authorities can be illustrated by documents selected from the book; e.g., imperial elections, papal elections, the Normans in Sicily, history of the Austrian dominions, Germans and Slavs on the eastern frontier, relations of the emperors and the popes before the investiture strife, etc.

Militant Islam

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Author : Godfrey H. Jansen
language : en
Publisher: New York : Harper & Row
Release Date : 1979

Militant Islam written by Godfrey H. Jansen and has been published by New York : Harper & Row this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with History categories.

"G.H. Jansen's analysis examines the militancy of Islam from 1800 to the present, emphasizing the resurgence of that militancy in the last decade. He shows us the traditionalists such as the Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran and General Zia of Pakistan who want to take Islam back to strict adherence to the precepts of the Koran, the men of religion anxious to maintain the status quo, and the reformers trying to adapt the faith to the demands of the modern world"--Back cover.

Understanding The Arab Israeli Conflict

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Author : Michael Rydelnik
language : en
Publisher: Moody Publishers
Release Date : 2008-09-01

Understanding The Arab Israeli Conflict written by Michael Rydelnik and has been published by Moody Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-01 with History categories.

Michael Rydelnik, professor of Jewish studies at Moody Bible Institute, goes beyond the media images for an in depth, biblically grounded look at the "crisis that never ends"--the conflict between the Israelis and the Arabs. Dr. Rydelnik explores such questions as: Will the violence ever stop? Who really has a right to the land? How did it all start...and where will it all end? This revised and updated edition includes a new chapter that looks at the events that brought the end to the Terror War in 2004, discusses the change of leadership in the Israeli government, and examines the conflict within the Palestinian government following the surprise election victory of the terrorist group Hamas.

Tom Robbins

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Author : Catherine E. Hoyser
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1997-10-28

Tom Robbins written by Catherine E. Hoyser and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-10-28 with Literary Criticism categories.

This is the first book-length study of the popular novelist Tom Robbins. Whimsy and humor characterize Robbins' work, but style and language are the keystones. Hoyser and Stookey show how Robbins deftly uses style and humor to depict the absurdities and injustices of our world. His novels constantly challenge perceptions of the world that people automatically label as normal. His fiction criticizes the complacency of humans in a world becoming increasingly alienated from nature and the joy of life. In addition to a critical analysis of each of his novels, the study contains biographical material never before published and the first full-length bibliography on Robbins, including a bibliography of reviews of his fiction. This is the first book-length study of the popular novelist Tom Robbins. Whimsy and humor characterize Robbins' work, but style and language are the keystones. Hoyser and Stookey show how Robbins deftly uses style and humor to depict the absurdities and injustices of our world. His novels constantly challenge perceptions of the world that people automatically label as normal. His fiction criticizes the complacency of humans in a world becoming increasingly alienated from nature and the joy of life. In addition to a critical analysis of each of his novels, the study contains biographical material never before published and the first full-length bibliography on Robbins, including a bibliography of reviews of his fiction. The study features a biographical chapter, a chapter on context and style, and individual chapters on each of his novels, ^IAnother Roadside Attraction^R, ^IEven Cowgirls Get the Blues, Still Life with Woodpecker, Jitterbug Perfume, skinny legs and all^R, and ^IHalf Asleep in Frog Pajamas^R. Each novel is analyzed for plot structure, characterization, and thematic elements. In addition, Hoyser and Stookey define and apply an alternative critical perspective from which to read each novel. The reading of each of Robbins' novels will be enriched by this perceptive study.

Fast Facts On The Middle East Conflict

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Author : Randall Price
language : en
Publisher: Harvest House Publishers
Release Date : 2003-04-21

Fast Facts On The Middle East Conflict written by Randall Price and has been published by Harvest House Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-21 with Religion categories.

The conflict in the Middle East raises many questions for Americans, Christians, and the world community. Randall Price, a bestselling author and expert in Middle Eastern studies, provides concise answers to those questions. In a practical Q-and-A format with maps, charts, and sidebars, this book unveils a fascinating timeline of the conflict development as it answers: Why is America involved? What are the common misconceptions about the conflict? How does the truth differ from the headlines? Is there a way to resolve this situation? Price's knowledge of Israel, Islam, and the current controversies provides an insider's information in a quick-reference format. Readers will be able to understand the complex issues appearing in today's media reports.

Reform And Reconstruction

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Author : Stephen Brooke
language : en
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Release Date : 1995

Reform And Reconstruction written by Stephen Brooke and has been published by Manchester University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Great Britain categories.

Examines the work and impact of the 1945-1951 Labour government led by Clement Attlee, drawing on documentary selections from the period including unpublished papers, speeches, Cabinet documents, newspapers, polls, and literary excerpts to discuss social and economic reform, foreign policy, and social history. The era saw the nationalization of the Bank of England, India's independence, and the establishment of the National Health Service and NATO. Includes a chronology. Distributed by St. Martin's Press. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Decolonisation

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Author : Nicholas White
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-03

Decolonisation written by Nicholas White and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-03 with History categories.

Concise and accessible, this guide provides an overview of the process of British decolonisation. Dr White syntheses recent historical debate by looking at the demise of British imperial power from three main perspectives: the shifting emphases of British imperial policy; the rise of populist, colonial nationalism, and the international political, strategic, and economic environment dominated by the USA and the USSR. The book also positions the British experience within the context of European decolonisation and contains many documents which have only recently become available. Introducing the reader to the key debates it the ideal introductory text on the subject.

Rulers Of Mecca

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Author : Gerald De Gaury
language : en
Publisher: Ams PressInc
Release Date : 1954

Rulers Of Mecca written by Gerald De Gaury and has been published by Ams PressInc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1954 with History categories.