Stratospheric Circulation Study Role Of The Subtropical Jet Stream In Troposphere Stratosphere Teleconnections
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Stratospheric Circulation Study Role Of The Subtropical Jet Stream In Troposphere Stratosphere Teleconnections
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Author : Walter A. Bohan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Stratospheric Circulation Study Role Of The Subtropical Jet Stream In Troposphere Stratosphere Teleconnections written by Walter A. Bohan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
During the late winter months when the subtropical jet stream reaches its maximum intensity, confluence patterns develop between the subtropical and polar-front jet streams. Through the increased vertical velocities and vorticity production, teleconnections between the tropospheric Ferrel westerlies and the stratospheric polar-night westerlies becomes possible. This can cause a disruption of the circular pattern of the polar-night vortex and result in the development of large-amplitude wave trains which precede the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warming events. (Author).
Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions
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Author : K. Mohanakumar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-03
Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions written by K. Mohanakumar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-03 with Science categories.
Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.
Studies Of The Stratospheric General Circulation
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Author : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Meteorology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Studies Of The Stratospheric General Circulation written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Meteorology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Atmospheric circulation categories.
The aim of the studies reported under this contract was to elucidate the various mechanisms by which the budgets of energy, angular momentum and mass for the stratospheric region are satisfied. In this respect the objectives coincided with the purpose of work done simultaneously under AEC support. Similar studies for the atmospheric regions from the surface up to 100 mb have been reported in detail in previous Final Reports (Studies of the Atmospheric General Circulation I, II and III, 1954, 1957, and 1959 under contracts AF19(122)-153, AF19(604)- 1000, and AF19(604)2242) and it will be recalled that a general finding was that large-scale quasi-horizontal eddy processes proved to be the principal agents in the transfer of angular momentum, in the generation of mean zonal kinetic energy and in the transfer of heat energy. Prior to the International Geophysical Year many of the workers who discussed the stratospheric general circulation invoked mean meridional motions in an essentially quiescent region to satisfy what were thought to be the requirements for transfer. Thus there appeared to be a basic difference in the predominating motion systems in the two regions and the cause was generally ascribed to the large static stability of the stratosphere as compared with the troposphere. The object in the present studies was to make diagnostic calculations of terms in the energy and momentum budgets of the stratosphere using the techniques previously applied to the troposphere and with as large a data sample as possible. The International Geophysical Year was selected for study because a special effort was made throughout that time to attain high altitudes with the wind and temperature sensors and all data were carefully checked and published by the World Meteorological Organization. The report opens with an examination by Professor Starr of the possible role of the vertical advection of kinetic energy in the stratospheric energy budget; the paper raised questions that we sought to answer from the observations reported in the following papers. The second paper, by Barnes, is a detailed study of the energy budget of the northern hemisphere stratosphere during the first six months of the IGY. Barnes' paper includes a description of the data-processing techniques used in all of the studies herein. All the terms in the budget which can be evaluated from wind and temperature observations are considered. Terms including diabatic heating could not of course be evaluated on a day-to-day basis but for some of them estimates have been included which apply to long periods. It appears from Barnes, work that both Reynolds' stresses and Coriolis forces acting on mean meridional motions are of importance in the energy budget. Many of the terms in the energy budget are estimated from data for the first time; in this respect it should be noted that diabatic effects are thought to be smaller in the lower stratosphere than elsewhere in the atmosphere but nevertheless as Barnes shows they cannot be ignored. The third paper, by Dickinson, examines the stratospheric angular momentum budget for the first year of the IGY period. In this case quasi-horizontal eddies seem to be of paramount importance and the mean meridional motions necessary to accomplish a balanced budget depend very strongly on the values selected for the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient. If these are assumed to be large (~/ 10 6cm 2sec-1) then significant mean meridional motions are involved but for small values (~10 3 cm2 sec-1) the mean motions are extremely small (
The Stratosphere
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Author : L. M. Polvani
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-30
The Stratosphere written by L. M. Polvani and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-30 with Science categories.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.
Dynamic Coupling And Chemical Transport Between The Stratosphere And The Troposphere
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Author : Huang Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Dynamic Coupling And Chemical Transport Between The Stratosphere And The Troposphere written by Huang Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Although the stratosphere and troposphere are separately different in many aspects (thermal structure, dynamic circulation, chemical composition and etc.), studies in recent decades have indicated a much stronger connection between these two distinct layers. Dynamically, the stratospheric circulation is driven by the eddies that are dominantly generated in the troposphere, whereas the troospheric circulation varies, in some ocassion, mostly due to the circulation and eddy perturbation originated in the stratosphere. The exchange and transport between the two layers, on the other hand, tend to alter the chemical compostion on both sides, and hence induce subsequent influences on the chemistry and radiation within the two layers. In this study, we further enrich the understanding on the connection between the stratosphere and troposphere by examining their dynamic coupling and chemical exchange. We first investigate the dynamic impact from the troposphere to the stratosphere by examining the role of tropical sea surface temperature (SST). By designing several idealized SST forcing simulations in an aqua-planet model, we find that the zonal distribution of SST perturbations has a major impact on the vertical and meridional structure of the BDC as compared with other SST characteristics. Zonally localized SST heatings tend to generate a shallow acceleration of the stratospheric residual circulation, whereas SST heatings with a zonally symmetric structure tend to produce a deep strengthening of the stratospheric residual circulation. The shallow versus deep strengthening of the stratospheric residual circulation change has been linked to wave propagation and dissipation in the subtropical lower stratosphere rather than wave generation in the troposphere. The dynamic impact from the stratosphere to the troposphere is then discussed by focusing on the downward influence of polar stratospheric ozone depletion. Three possible mechanisms are examined in an idealized dry model: the polar stratospheric cooling impacts tropospheric synoptic eddies via (a) the direct influences on the lower stratospheric synoptic eddies, (b) the planetary wave-induced residual circulation, and (c) the planetary eddy - synoptic eddy nonlinear interaction. It is argued that the planetary wave-induced residual circulation is not the dominant mechanism, and that the planetary eddies and further nonlinear interaction with synoptic eddies are more likely the key to the downward influence of the ozone depletion-like cooling. Last, the chemical interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere is explored by quantifying the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone. The specified dynamics (SD) version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) is used to estimate the ozone STE along different isentropic surfaces (isentropic ozone STE herein). Net troposphere-to-stratosphere ozone STE is diagnosed in the subtropics (350 K - 380 K), while net stratosphereto-troposphere ozone STE is diagnosed in the extratropics (280 K - 350 K), with different magnitudes and seasonalities over different isentropic (meridional) regions. Potential vorticity (PV) sources induced by both differential diabatic heating and isentropic mixing contribute to the diagnosed isentropic ozone STE flux, but the latter is slightly larger. Moreover, results in the SD-WACCM are generally consistent with the analysis in a different model, the SD version of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM), but the SD-CMAM diagnoses a smaller STE flux. This difference is associated with the different extent of isentropic mixing between the two models.
Stratospheric Processes And Their Role In Climate
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Stratospheric Processes And Their Role In Climate written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Climate categories.
The Role Of The Stratosphere In Global Change
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Author : Marie-Lise Chanin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
The Role Of The Stratosphere In Global Change written by Marie-Lise Chanin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.
A Study Of Stratosphere Troposphere Coupling With An Aquaplanet Model
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Author : Jacob Ching Ho Cheung
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
A Study Of Stratosphere Troposphere Coupling With An Aquaplanet Model written by Jacob Ching Ho Cheung and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The coupling between stratosphere and troposphere (ST) has been studied extensively using simple circulation models. It is known that the ozone- rich stratosphere interact with the troposphere through both radiative and dynamical processes. However, many of the models used in these studies only assume a slab ocean with a fixed sea surface temperature (SST) profile. To investigate the role of the ocean in the stratosphere-troposphere coupling, a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model, FORTE (Fast Ocean Rapid Troposphere Experiment) is used in this study. In this project the Earth is modelled as a perfect sphere with its surface covered with water. In the first set of our experiments we introduce a perturbation to the stratosphere by increasing ozone concentration by a factor of five. In the second experiment we repeat the ozone perturbation experiment with a fixed SST profile such that the atmosphere-ocean coupling is shut off. Our results demonstrate that by including a dynamical ocean, the strength of the jet streams is less sensitive to stratospheric ozone perturbations whereas the extent of their latitudinal displacements is greater. Both of these are found to be a consequence of SST anomalies induced by ocean dynamics. On the other hand, our results show that in the presence of an interactive ocean, there is a general increase in tropospheric air temperature except for polar regions, while lacking the banded anomaly pattern observed in our fixed SST experiment and other ST coupling studies.
Sub Seasonal To Seasonal Prediction
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Author : Andrew Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-10-19
Sub Seasonal To Seasonal Prediction written by Andrew Robertson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-19 with Science categories.
The Gap Between Weather and Climate Forecasting: Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners across the range of disciplines involved in the science, modeling, forecasting and application of this new frontier in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction. It provides an accessible, yet rigorous, introduction to the scientific principles and sources of predictability through the unique challenges of numerical simulation and forecasting with state-of-science modeling codes and supercomputers. Additional coverage includes the prospects for developing applications to trigger early action decisions to lessen weather catastrophes, minimize costly damage, and optimize operator decisions. The book consists of a set of contributed chapters solicited from experts and leaders in the fields of S2S predictability science, numerical modeling, operational forecasting, and developing application sectors. The introduction and conclusion, written by the co-editors, provides historical perspective, unique synthesis and prospects, and emerging opportunities in this exciting, complex and interdisciplinary field. Contains contributed chapters from leaders and experts in sub-seasonal to seasonal science, forecasting and applications Provides a one-stop shop for graduate students, academic and applied researchers, and practitioners in an emerging and interdisciplinary field Offers a synthesis of the state of S2S science through the use of concrete examples, enabling potential users of S2S forecasts to quickly grasp the potential for application in their own decision-making Includes a broad set of topics, illustrated with graphic examples, that highlight interdisciplinary linkages
The Stratosphere And Its Role In The Climate System
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Author : North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1997-10-10
The Stratosphere And Its Role In The Climate System written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-10-10 with Nature categories.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the stratosphere and its role in our understanding of the climate system. The key dynamic, radiative, and chemical processes that determine the distribution of chemical compounds including ozone in the stratosphere are discussed. The chapters contributed by outstanding experts focus not only on fundamental aspects related to these issues, but also present a number of applications including instrumentation, laboratory studies, and atmospheric observations.