Study Of The Space Radiation Environment In Geo
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Study Of The Space Radiation Environment In Geo
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Author : Hasan Murtaza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015-11-18
Study Of The Space Radiation Environment In Geo written by Hasan Murtaza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-18 with categories.
Examination Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Physics - Electrodynamics, The University of Surrey, course: Electronic Engineering, language: English, abstract: The Space radiation environment in GEO has always been a severe challenge to the spacecraft industry. The Spacecraft Environment interaction has been the topic of deep investigation since 1970s to onwards. Very harsh space environment affects the spacecraft in various ways. The current project presents an overview of the characteristics of space radiation environment, its effects on spacecraft electronics and spacecraft operations. The elements of the space radiation environment such as Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs), Solar flare protons and trapped electron belt in GEO are explained comprehensively. The effects of hazardous space radiation environment on a GEO spacecraft including spacecraft charging, Total Ionizing Dose (TID), internal charging and Single Event Effects (SEE) are introduced with necessary details. The space radiation environment models currently available are critically analysed and explained in the light of the work of different space researchers. The limitations and risks involved with these models are briefly introduced. The spacecraft design mitigation techniques and design guidelines are presented to help the spacecraft community build the spacecraft capable of surviving in hazardous radiation environment. Then some case studies of GEO satellite anomalies are also briefly explained. The ESA based Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) software package is utilized for analyzing the temporal, spatial and diurnal variations of radiation environment in geostationary orbit and the simulation results are compared with GOES data. A detailed space radiation environment analysis for a Pakistani geostationary communication satellite Paksat-1R has been undertaken including the trapped electron flux estimation, solar proton flux estimation, Solar cell degradation and cover glass require
Space Weather Geospace Radiation Environment And Solar And Terrestrial Influence In The Middle Atmosphere
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Author : Shinich Watari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Space Weather Geospace Radiation Environment And Solar And Terrestrial Influence In The Middle Atmosphere written by Shinich Watari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Atmospheric electricity categories.
The Space Environment
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Author : Alan C. Tribble
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-05-05
The Space Environment written by Alan C. Tribble and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-05 with Science categories.
The breakup of the Space Shuttle Columbia as it reentered Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, reminded the public--and NASA--of the grave risks posed to spacecraft by everything from insulating foam to space debris. Here, Alan Tribble presents a singular, up-to-date account of a wide range of less conspicuous but no less consequential environmental effects that can damage or cause poor performance of orbiting spacecraft. Conveying a wealth of insight into the nature of the space environment and how spacecraft interact with it, he covers design modifications aimed at eliminating or reducing such environmental effects as solar absorptance increases caused by self-contamination, materials erosion by atomic oxygen, electrical discharges due to spacecraft charging, degradation of electrical circuits by radiation, and bombardment by micrometeorites. This book is unique in that it bridges the gap between studies of the space environment as performed by space physicists and spacecraft design engineering as practiced by aerospace engineers.
Space Radiation Environment Impacts On High Power Amplifiers And Solar Cells On Board Geostationary Communications Satellites
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Author : Whitney Quinne Lohmeyer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Space Radiation Environment Impacts On High Power Amplifiers And Solar Cells On Board Geostationary Communications Satellites written by Whitney Quinne Lohmeyer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Communications satellite operators maintain archives of component telemetry to monitor system function. Operators generally do not typically use the telemetry data for scientific analysis of the space radiation environment effects on component anomalies or performance. We partnered with four geostationary (GEO) operators, acquired >1 million hours of telemetry, and combined these data with space weather observations to investigate relationships between space weather and hardware performance. We focused on the effects of space weather on two component types: solar cells and high power amplifiers. For solar cells, by augmenting >20 years of GEO telemetry with separate GEO space weather measurements, we calculated both on-orbit degradation of Si and GaAs solar cells in an annual average sense, and also quantified the degradation of cells during severe solar proton events (SPEs) of 10 MeV protons > 10,000 pfu. A functional relationship between the amount of degradation and proton fluence is also considered. We used the calculated degradation to evaluate several combinations of space weather environment models with solar cell degradation models and found that predicted performance is within 1% of the observed degradation. These models had not previously been validated using multiple on-orbit GEO datasets. We did not find a model pairing that consistently outperformed the others over all of the datasets. For high power amplifiers, through the use of statistical analysis, simulations, and electron beam experiments we conducted a root-cause analysis of solid state power amplifier (SSPA) anomalies on-board eight GEO satellites. From the statistical analysis, we identified that the occurrence of anomalies was not random with respect to the space weather environment, but that there appeared to be a relationship to high-energy electron fluence for periods of time between 10 - 21 days before the anomalies. From the simulations and electron beam lab tests, we demonstrated that internal charging occurs in the amplifier chain, potentially identifying a cause for the observed anomalies. We substantiated an approach toward understanding space weather effects on space components by obtaining and using long-duration archives of standard commercial telemetry for scientific analysis. The analysis of large telemetry data sets of similar components over long periods of time improves our ability to assess the role of different types of space weather events in causing anomalies and helps to validate models. The findings in this work that relate deep dielectric charging to component anomalies and solar proton events to solar cell degradation make use of only a small fraction of the potentially available commercial geostationary satellite telemetry. Expansion of this work would provide additional insights on the role of space weather to the science community and to the satellite design and operator community.
Comparative Analysis Of Selected Radiation Effects In Medium Earth Orbits
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Author : Jennifer A. Bolin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997-12-01
Comparative Analysis Of Selected Radiation Effects In Medium Earth Orbits written by Jennifer A. Bolin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-12-01 with categories.
Satellite design is well developed for the common Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) and Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEO), i.e., Molniya, cases; Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite design is a relatively new venture. MEO is roughly defined as being altitudes above LEO and below GEO. A primary concern, and a major reason for the delay in exploiting the MEO altitudes, has been the expected radiation environment and corresponding satellite degradation anticipated to occur at MEO altitudes. The presence of the Van Allen belts, a major source of radiation, along with the suitability of GEO and LEO orbits, has conventionally discouraged satellite placement in MEO. As conventional Earth orbits become increasingly crowded, MEO will become further populated. This thesis investigates the major sources of radiation (geomagnetically trapped particles, solar particle events and galactic cosmic radiation) with respect to specific Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) designated MEO (altitudes between 3,000 nautical miles (nmi) and 9,000 nmi; inclination angle of 15 degrees). The contribution of each of these components to the total radiation experienced in MEO and the effects of the expected radiation on a representative spacecraft are analyzed in comparison to a baseline LEO orbit of 400 nmi and 70 degrees inclination. Dose depth curves are calculated for several configurations, and show that weight gains from necessary expected shielding are not extreme. The radiation effects considered include proton displacement dose and solar cell degradation.
Space Life Sciences
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Author : D. F. Smart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Space Life Sciences written by D. F. Smart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Aeronautics, Commercial categories.
Testing At The Speed Of Light
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2018-06-08
Testing At The Speed Of Light written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-08 with Science categories.
Spacecraft depend on electronic components that must perform reliably over missions measured in years and decades. Space radiation is a primary source of degradation, reliability issues, and potentially failure for these electronic components. Although simulation and modeling are valuable for understanding the radiation risk to microelectronics, there is no substitute for testing, and an increased use of commercial-off-the- shelf parts in spacecraft may actually increase requirements for testing, as opposed to simulation and modeling. Testing at the Speed of Light evaluates the nation's current capabilities and future needs for testing the effects of space radiation on microelectronics to ensure mission success and makes recommendations on how to provide effective stewardship of the necessary radiation test infrastructure for the foreseeable future.
Radiation In Space Relevance And Risk For Human Missions
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Author : Christine E. Hellweg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-23
Radiation In Space Relevance And Risk For Human Missions written by Christine E. Hellweg and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-23 with Science categories.
This volume of the series Springer Briefs in Space Life Sciences explains the physics and biology of radiation in space, defines various forms of cosmic radiation and their dosimetry, and presents a range of exposure scenarios. It also discusses the effects of radiation on human health and describes the molecular mechanisms of heavy charged particles’ deleterious effects in the body. Lastly, it discusses countermeasures and addresses the vital question: Are we ready for launch? Written for researchers in the space life sciences and space biomedicine, and for master’s students in biology, physics, and medicine, the book will also benefit all non-experts endeavouring to understand and enter space.
Space Life Sciences
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Author : Eleanor A. Blakely
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Space Life Sciences written by Eleanor A. Blakely and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Astronauts categories.
"This symposium was organized to bring together the multidisciplinary expertise required to assess risk of exposure to space radiation.... Topics addressed ranged from what is known or predicted about radiation environments for human exploration, and what shielding would be required based on ALARA radiation protection guidelines. The development of new physics cross section models, and improved ion beam transport codes was reported, as well as biological demonstrations of the consequences of specific shielding materials and applications to manned missions to Mars and beyond. Advancements in the biological measurements of radiation-induced protein expression profiles, membrane damage, bystander effect, and adaptive response were presented, and countermeasures evaluated. Finally several presentations addressed specific approaches to integrate the physical and biological parameters in order to assess key elements of the risk and the associated uncertainties."--Page 1277.
Biological Effects And Physics Of Solar And Galactic Cosmic Radiation Part B
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Author : Charles E. Swenberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biological Effects And Physics Of Solar And Galactic Cosmic Radiation Part B written by Charles E. Swenberg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Space missions subject human beings or any other target of a spacecraft to a radiation environment of an intensity and composition not available on earth. Whereas for missions in low earth orbit (LEO), such as those using the Space Shuttle or Space Station scenario, radiation exposure guidelines have been developed and have been adopted by spacefaring agencies, for exploratory class missions that will take the space travellers outside the protective confines of the geomagnetic field sufficient guidelines for radiation protection are still outstanding. For a piloted Mars mission, the whole concept of radiation protection needs to be reconsidered. Since there is an increasing interest of many nations and space agencies in establishing a lunar base and lor exploring Mars by manned missions, it is both, timely and important to develop appropriate risk estimates and radiation protection guidelines which will have an influence on the design and structure of space vehicles and habitation areas of the extraterrestrial settlements. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess the state of art in our knowledge on the radiation situation during deep space missions and on the impact of this complex radiation environment on the space traveller. It comprises the lectures by the faculty members as well as short contributions by the students given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation" held in Armacao de Pera, Portugal, 12-23 October, 1991.