Subnational Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms In The United States And The European Union
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Subnational Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms In The United States And The European Union
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Author : Anna Milena Zivian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Subnational Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms In The United States And The European Union written by Anna Milena Zivian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Genetically Modified Food
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Author : Marie Kreipe
language : en
Publisher: Diplomica Verlag
Release Date : 2010
Genetically Modified Food written by Marie Kreipe and has been published by Diplomica Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
The controversial issue of genetically modified (GM) food is discussed in this book. While the United States (US) is a strong supporter of GM technology having adopted a rather lax regulation of trade with GM products, the European Union (EU) is representing a sceptical position towards this new technology and has even imposed a de facto moratorium on further approval of GM products from 1998 to 2004. The purpose of this book is an extensive analysis of the current status on risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and a suggestion on how an appropriate regulation of GM products could be derived. Potential guidelines are provided for policy formulation both in a qualitative and in a quantitative dimension. The US is applying the principle of substantial equivalence, which means that GM products are in their substance identical to products produced by conventional methods. Therefore, no new regulations are necessary for the trade with GM products. In contrast, the European Union (EU) disagrees that GM products are equivalent to their conventional counterparts due to the different production process. Instead, the EU refers to the precautionary principle in its GMO policy, meaning that trade with GM products should be restricted until it will be proven that no additional risks are implied by the use of these products. The divergence of opinions about the right policy to regulate GM products has significant impacts on trade flows and welfare effects. The US and the EU have already tried to resolve their dispute before the World Trade Organization (WTO). Relevant laws of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO are presented as well as indications for a potential consensus.
When Cooperation Fails
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Author : Mark A. Pollack
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2009-05-21
When Cooperation Fails written by Mark A. Pollack and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-21 with Political Science categories.
The transatlantic dispute over genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has brought into conflict the United States and the European Union, two long-time allies and economically interdependent democracies with a long record of successful cooperation. Yet the dispute - pitting a largely acceptant US against an EU deeply suspicious of GMOs - has developed into one of the most bitter and intractable transatlantic and global conflicts, resisting efforts at negotiated resolution and resulting in a bitterly contested legal battle before the World Trade Organization. Professors Pollack and Shaffer investigate the obstacles to reconciling regulatory differences among nations through international cooperation, using the lens of the GMO dispute. The book addresses the dynamic interactions of domestic law and politics, transnational networks, international regimes, and global markets, through a theoretically grounded and empirically comprehensive analysis of the governance of GM foods and crops. They demonstrate that the deeply politicized, entrenched and path-dependent nature of the regulation of GMOs in the US and the EU has fundamentally shaped negotiations and decision-making at the international level, limiting the prospects for deliberation and providing incentives for both sides to engage in hard bargaining and to "shop" for favorable international forums. They then assess the impacts, and the limits, of international pressures on domestic US and European law, politics and business practice, which have remained strikingly resistant to change. International cooperation in areas like GMO regulation, the authors conclude, must overcome multiple obstacles, legal and political, domestic and international. Any effective response to this persistent dispute, they argue, must recognize both the obstacles to successful cooperation, and the options that remain for each side when cooperation fails.
The Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms
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Author : Luc Bodiguel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms written by Luc Bodiguel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
The regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) continues to generate controversy. On the one hand, they are actively promoted by the biotechnology industry as vital to ensuring food security. Yet, on the other hand, consumer resistance persists, not least in the European Union, and such lack of confidence extends not just to GM food itself but also to the regulatory regime, where legal issues are inextricably linked with economics and politics. This edited collection provides a novel contribution to the ongoing debate, recognizing that the legislative environment is complicated by forces as varied as national public opinion and world trade commitments. The book is divided into four parts. The first of these addresses the influence in this context of both civil society and economic imperatives. The second part is directed more specifically to the measures that have been implemented in the European Union, considering multi-level governance, wider aspects of food law, co-existence with conventional and organic crops, and environmental liability. The third part is comparative in focus, with chapters covering the diverse regimes implemented in Africa, Australia, North America and South America. The book concludes with chapters on world trade and international considerations, including analysis of the Biotech case.
The Politics Of Genetically Modified Organisms In The United States And Europe
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Author : Kelly A. Clancy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-02
The Politics Of Genetically Modified Organisms In The United States And Europe written by Kelly A. Clancy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-02 with Political Science categories.
This book examines the puzzle of why genetically modified organisms continue to be controversial despite scientific evidence declaring them safe for humans and the environment. What explains the sustained levels of resistance? Clancy analyzes the trans-Atlantic controversy by comparing opposition to GMOs in the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, Spain, and the United States, examining the way in which science is politicized on both sides of the debate. Ultimately, the author argues that the lack of labeling GMO products in the United States allows opponents to create far-fetched images of GMOs that work their ways in to the minds of the public. The way forward out of this seemingly intractable debate is to allow GMOs, once tested, to enter the market without penalty—and then to label them.
Sustainability Regulatory Dilemmas And Gmos
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Author : Rosemary Lyster
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Sustainability Regulatory Dilemmas And Gmos written by Rosemary Lyster and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Agency decision-making regarding the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the environment, which has the potential to affect the environment and human health, must be consistent with the principles of sustainable development. This requires adherence to the principles of intergenerational equity, the conservation of biological diversity, the precautionary principle, and the polluter pays principle. The potential risks associated with GMOs make public participation an essential element of agency decision-making. This is because the scientific evidence about the safety, or otherwise, of GMOs is sufficiently uncertain. In such a case, decisions to release them must be politically negotiated. Yet when the regulatory arrangements for dealing with GMOs in the United States and the European Union are compared and contrasted markedly different regulatory frameworks emerge. In the case of the US, the regulation of GMOs falls short of the sustainability benchmark, while the EU's seems entirely consistent with it. How do we explain, then, the paradox of a US public which is so accepting of food derived under a relatively lax regulatory and administrative framework, and a fearful EU public protected by extensive regulation and risk assessment processes?
Subnational Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms In The United States And The European Union
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Author : Anna Milena Zivian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Subnational Regulation Of Genetically Modified Organisms In The United States And The European Union written by Anna Milena Zivian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
A Companion To European Union Law And International Law
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Author : Dennis Patterson
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-03-15
A Companion To European Union Law And International Law written by Dennis Patterson and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-15 with Philosophy categories.
Featuring contributions from renowned scholars, A Companion to European Union Law and International Law presents a comprehensive and authoritative collection of essays that addresses all of the most important topics on European Union and international law. Integrates the fields of European Union law and international law, revealing both the similarities and differences Features contributions from renowned scholars in the fields of EU law and international law Covers a broad range of topical issues, including trade, institutional decision-making, the European Court of Justice, democracy, human rights, criminal law, the EMU, and many others
The United States And The European Union
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Author : Terrence R. Guay
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-15
The United States And The European Union written by Terrence R. Guay and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-15 with Political Science categories.
First Published in 2001. This book provides a concise yet thorough overview of the interactions between the world's dominant country and the world's most developed institution. The book examines the major events in the history of US-EU relations, and suggests that changes in the international political economy play a key role in shaping this relationship: the US and the EU are in a constant state of competition and cooperation that varies by issue and policy area. The United States and the European Union is well-suited for researchers interested in Europe's external relations, US foreign policy, political economy and contemporary global issues.
Eu Environmental Law Governance And Decision Making
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Author : Maria Lee
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2014-01-12
Eu Environmental Law Governance And Decision Making written by Maria Lee and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-12 with Law categories.
A vast and diverse body of EU law addresses an enormous range of environmental matters. This book examines a number of areas of substantive EU environmental law, focusing on the striking preoccupation of EU environmental law with the structure of decision-making. It highlights the observation that environmental protection and environmental decision-making depend intimately on both detailed, specialised information about the physical state of the world, and on political judgments about values and priorities. It also explores the elaborate mechanisms that attempt to bring these distinctive decision-making resources into EU environmental law in areas including industrial pollution, chemicals regulation, environmental assessment and climate change.