Subsidising Inequality
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Subsidising Inequality
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Author : Martin Raiser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Subsidising Inequality written by Martin Raiser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Can Subsidising Job Related Training Reduce Inequality
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Author : Konstantinos Angelopoulos
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Can Subsidising Job Related Training Reduce Inequality written by Konstantinos Angelopoulos and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
A well-established stylised fact is that employer provided job-related training raises productivity and wages. Using UK data, we further find that job-related training is positively related to subsidies aimed at reducing training costs for employers. We also find that there is a positive, albeit quantitatively small, relationship between wage inequality and training inequality in the UK. Motivated by the above, we explore whether policies to subsidise firms' monetary cost of training can improve earnings for the lower skilled and reduce inequality. We achieve this by developing a dynamic general equilibrium model, featuring skilled and unskilled labour, capital-skill complementarity in production and an endogenous training allocation. Our results suggest that training subsidies for the unskilled have a significant impact on the labour income of unskilled workers. These subsides also increase earnings for skilled workers and raise aggregate income with implied lifetime multipliers exceeding unity. Finally, the positive spill over effects to skilled workers imply that training subsidies are not very effective in reducing inequality, measured as the distance between skilled and unskilled wages and incomes.
Trade Income Inequality And Government Policies
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Author : Eckhard Janeba
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Trade Income Inequality And Government Policies written by Eckhard Janeba and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Income distribution categories.
This paper explores the role of government policies in a situation where the wage gap between high-skilled and low-skilled workers is widening due to increasing foreign competition in the manufacturing of low-skilled intensive goods. A two-period, two-sector general equilibrium model of a small open economy is developed in which individuals choose whether to invest in skills or not. The government influences individual decision-making by redistribution of income or by subsidizing investment in skills. Both types of policies have complicated effects on income inequality and social welfare. The first policy discourages investment in skills while the latter, although successful in inducing more investment in skills, tends to be regressive by favoring those who acquire skills. Yet for a given income tax rate the Lorenz curves of the two different policies intersect. When the government maximizes social welfare education subsidies are useful only if there is a high degree of inequality aversion and financing the subsidy is not too distortive
On The Effect Of Subsidies To Basic Commodities On Inequality In Egypt
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Author : Shlomo Yitzhaki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
On The Effect Of Subsidies To Basic Commodities On Inequality In Egypt written by Shlomo Yitzhaki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Food supply categories.
Commitment To Equity Handbook
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Author : Nora Lustig
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2023-05-01
Commitment To Equity Handbook written by Nora Lustig and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-01 with Political Science categories.
Edited by Nora Lustig, the Commitment to Equity Handbook: Estimating the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Inequality and Poverty (Brookings Institution Press and CEQ Institute-Tulane University, 2nd edition, 2022) is a unique manual on the theory and practical methods to estimate the impact of taxation and public spending on inequality and poverty. In addition, the second edition covers frontier topics such as alternative approaches to measure the redistributive effect of education, health, and infrastructure spending. Policymakers, social planners, and economists are provided with a step-by-step guide to applying fiscal incidence analysis, illustrated by country studies. The 2nd edition of the Handbook has two volumes. Volume 1 is comprised of Part I, Methodology, describes what a CEQ Assessment© is and presents the theoretical underpinnings of fiscal incidence analysis and the indicators used to assess the distributive impact and effectiveness of fiscal policy. Part II, Implementation, presents the methodology on how taxes, subsidies, and social spending should be allocated. It includes a step-by step guide to completing the CEQ Master Workbook©, a multi-sheet Excel file that houses detailed information on the country’s fiscal system and the results used as inputs for policy discussions, academic papers, and policy reports. Part III, “Applications,” presents applications of the CEQ framework to low- and middle-income countries and includes simulations of policy reforms. In this 2nd edition, chapters 1, 6, and 8 have been significantly updated and two new country studies have been added to Part III. Parts IV (updated), V (new), and VI (new) are available online only. Part IV contains the CEQ Assessment’s main tools. Part V includes the databases housed in the CEQ Data Center on Fiscal Redistribution. Part VI contains the CEQ Institute’s microsimulation tools. Volume 2 (new) includes a collection of chapters whose purpose is to expand the knowledge and methodological frontiers to sharpen even further the analysis of fiscal policy’s redistributive impact. Topics include: alternative approaches to value in-kind education and health services; alternative methods to evaluate spending on infrastructure; corporate taxes and taxation on capital incomes; inter-temporal fiscal incidence and the redistributive consequences of social insurance pensions; fiscal redistribution, macroeconomic stability and growth; and, the political economy of fiscal redistribution.
An Assessment Of The Distributional Effects Of Housing Subsidies On Income Inequality In Hong Kong
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Author : Wai-Hung James Colton Cheng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
An Assessment Of The Distributional Effects Of Housing Subsidies On Income Inequality In Hong Kong written by Wai-Hung James Colton Cheng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "An Assessment of the Distributional Effects of Housing Subsidies on Income Inequality in Hong Kong" by Wai-hung, James Colton, Cheng, 鄭偉鴻, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4500840 Subjects: Housing subsidies - China - Hong Kong Rent subsidies - China - Hong Kong Income distribution - China - Hong Kong
Inequality In Singapore
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Author : Faizal Bin Yahya
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2014-12-30
Inequality In Singapore written by Faizal Bin Yahya and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-30 with Social Science categories.
Income inequality has become a global phenomenon. Rapid technological advancement and an expanding global workforce will continue to place huge pressure on wages all over the world, including Singapore. This edited volume is the product of the robust exchanges that took place in a series of closed-door discussions (CDDs) on inequality that the Institute of Policy Studies organised in the first half of 2012. The essays provide a range of views on the multi-faceted nature of inequality in Singapore, discuss candidly the specific challenges we face, and offer some policy recommendations.
The Quest For Subsidy Reforms In The Middle East And North Africa Region
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Author : Paolo Verme
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-21
The Quest For Subsidy Reforms In The Middle East And North Africa Region written by Paolo Verme and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-21 with Political Science categories.
This book is an analysis of energy and food subsidies in the MENA region between 2010 and 2014. Using the World Bank’s proprietary SUBSIM model, the book studies the distribution of subsidies and the simulation of subsidy reforms across eight countries within in a partial equilibrium framework. The distributional analysis of subsidies provides information on who benefits from existing subsidies, while the simulations of subsidy reforms provide information on the outcomes of the reforms in terms of government budget, household welfare, poverty, inequality, and the trade-offs between these outcomes. This focus provides governments with the essential information they need to make decisions on subsidy reforms and consumers with a clear sense of which programs and reforms are successful. The book highlights the historical roots of subsidies, the real trigger of subsidy reforms, and the complexity of subsidy reforms. It discusses the pros and cons of radical and gradualist approaches to reforms, the use of compensation mechanisms and their implications, the advantages and disadvantages of public information campaigns, the political economy of targeting different economic populations, the political timing of reforms, and whether, overall, the reforms observed in the MENA region have been successful. The first book on subsidies in the MENA region that is based on primary micro data, this book is useful for researchers and graduate students studying political economy and working with microsimulation modelling instruments as well as government officials engaged in subsidies reforms, research institutes and private consulting groups advising governments on subsidy reforms.
Subsidies To Poor Regions And Inequalities
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Author : Vincent Dupont
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Subsidies To Poor Regions And Inequalities written by Vincent Dupont and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This paper analyzes the effect of different regional subsidies to poor regions on industrial location, employment, income inequality and welfare in the presence of agglomeration forces when firms are mobile. The impact on location of such subsidies is stronger when trade costs are low. With mobile capital, regional subsidies such as tax breaks in the poor region lead to higher profits for firms in both regions. If financed at the national level, such subsidies given to firms in the poor region increase inequality between and within regions. Finally, with relocation costs, such regional subsidies may hurt the poor region.
The Impact Of Input Vs Output Based Farm Subsidies On Farmer Welfare And Income Inequality In Developing Economies
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Author : Christopher S. Tang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Impact Of Input Vs Output Based Farm Subsidies On Farmer Welfare And Income Inequality In Developing Economies written by Christopher S. Tang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
To mitigate the farmer poverty and income inequality, many developing countries have introduced subsidy schemes to improve the incomes of farmers. Two commonly observed schemes are the input-based subsidies, which aim to reduce the input purchasing costs of farmers, and the output-based subsidies, which aim to lower farmers' output processing costs. However, the implications of these types of subsidies for farmers' welfare, production efficiency, income inequality, and consumer surplus remain unclear, especially when farmers are heterogeneous in their yield rates. In this paper, we develop a stylized model that captures the yield heterogeneity across farmers who are price takers, in which the government first determines the subsidy scheme and the corresponding subsidy level. Our analysis shows that the two schemes have quite different effects. First, we show that although both types of subsidies can reduce the aggregate income inequality in terms of the Gini coefficient, the input-based subsidy scheme can narrow the income gap between farmers under mild conditions, whereas the output-based scheme always widens this gap. Second, we show that low-yield farmers prefer input-based subsidies, while high-yield farmers prefer output-based subsidies. Lastly, we find that the output-based subsidy scheme outperforms the input-based subsidy scheme in terms of the total farmer income and farmer productivity, while the input-based subsidy scheme is more effective in reducing income inequality and increasing the consumer surplus.