Supercritical
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction
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Author : Mark McHugh
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Mark McHugh and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction is a technique in which CO2 is used under extremely high pressure to separate solution (e.g., removing caffeine from coffee). Separations is basic to all process industries and supercritical fluid extraction is a specific type which is receiving a high level of attention. The book will combine basic fundamentals with industrial applications. The second edition has been expanded and updated and includes new chapters on chromatography and food processing. "...this is an excellent book which is both instructive and amusing to read. Its true value is neatly summarised in one of the closing sentences: 'We have supplied you with the guidelines and criteria which you can now apply when considering supercritical fluids for your own needs.'' - Chemistry in Britain, February 1995
Supercritical Fluids
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Author : E. Kiran
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Supercritical Fluids written by E. Kiran and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.
Introduction To Supercritical Fluids
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Author : Richard Smith
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-12-08
Introduction To Supercritical Fluids written by Richard Smith and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-08 with Science categories.
This text provides an introduction to supercritical fluids with easy-to-use Excel spreadsheets suitable for both specialized-discipline (chemistry or chemical engineering student) and mixed-discipline (engineering/economic student) classes. Each chapter contains worked examples, tip boxes and end-of-the-chapter problems and projects. Part I covers web-based chemical information resources, applications and simplified theory presented in a way that allows students of all disciplines to delve into the properties of supercritical fluids and to design energy, extraction and materials formation systems for real-world processes that use supercritical water or supercritical carbon dioxide. Part II takes a practical approach and addresses the thermodynamic framework, equations of state, fluid phase equilibria, heat and mass transfer, chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics of supercritical fluids. Spreadsheets are arranged as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) functions and macros that are completely (source code) accessible for students who have interest in developing their own programs. Programming is not required to solve problems or to complete projects in the text. Property worksheets/spreadsheets that are easy to use in learning environments Worked examples with Excel VBA Worksheet functions allow users to design their own processes Fluid phase equilibria and chemical equilibria worksheets allow users to change conditions, study new solutes, co-solvents, chemical systems or reactions
Analysis With Supercritical Fluids Extraction And Chromatography
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Author : Bernd Wenclawiak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Analysis With Supercritical Fluids Extraction And Chromatography written by Bernd Wenclawiak and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The use of supercritical fluids in analytical chemistry is still grow ing. More and more analysts are discovering the favorable advan tages for a number of applications. Especially supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to its simplicity. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has become better established and the development of this technique has been accelerated by the many applications with capillary col umns which have been published in the literature. At first SFC equipment was based on instruments commonly used for liquid chromatography, and the first commercial in struments were derived from this technology. However, capillary columns can be much more easily interfaced to gas chromatogra phy equipment especially to the detectors commonly used for Oc. Many stationary phases both for packed micro columns and capillary columns have been designed for SFC purposes extending this technology to LC and OC. The most common fluid applied in SFC and SFE is carbon dioxide. The advantages of supercritical CO , such as having dif 2 fusivity like a gas and solvating power depending on temperature and pressure, are also valid for other fluids and modified fluids. Both properties are valuable for sample extraction and extraction selectivity.
Supercritical Fluid Science And Technology
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Author : Keith P. Johnston
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Supercritical Fluid Science And Technology written by Keith P. Johnston and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
New directions in supercritical fluids science and technology, fluorescence spectroscopy studies of intermolecular interactions in supercritical fluids, solvation structure in supercritical fluid mixtures based on molecular distribution functions, gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of phase equilibria in supercritical fluid mixtures, spectroscopic determination of solvent strength and structure in supercritical fluid mixtures, partition coefficients of polyethyle glycols in super critical carbon dioxide, experimental measurement of supercritical fluid-liquid phase equilibrium, vapor-liquid equilibria of fatty acid esters in supercritical fluids, four-phase equilibrium of two ternary organic systems with carbon dioxide, direct viscosity enhancement of carbon dioxide, inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide, interaction of polymers with near-critical carbon dioxide, fundamental kinetics of methanol oxidation in supercritical fluids, thermodynamic analysis of corrosion of iron alloys in supercritical water, electrochemical measurements of corrosion of iron alloys in supercritical water, phase and reaction equilibria considerations in the evaluation and operation of supercritical fluid reaction processes, kinetic model for supercritical delignification of wood, gas antisolvent recrystallization solids formation after the expansion of supercritical mixtures, food, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications, design of commercial plant.
Applications Of Supercritical Fluids In Industrial Analysis
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Author : J.R. Dean
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Applications Of Supercritical Fluids In Industrial Analysis written by J.R. Dean and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. Two areas are common: supercritical fluid chroma tography and supercritical fluid extraction. Both seek to exploit the unique properties of a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The most common supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide, employed because of its low critical temperature (31 °C), inertness, purity, non-toxicity and cheapness. Alternative supercritical fluids are also used and often in conjunction with modifiers. The combined gas-like mass transfer and liquid-like solvating characteristics have been used for improved chroma tographic separation and faster sample preparation. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is complementary to gas chro matography ( GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), providing higher efficiency than HPLC, together with the ability to analyse thermally labile and high molecular weight analytes. Both packed and open tubular columns can be employed, providing the capability to analyse a wide range of sample types. In addition, flame ionization detection can be used, thus providing 'universal' detection.
Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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Author : Mamata Mukhopadhyay
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-06-27
Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Mamata Mukhopadhyay and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-06-27 with Medical categories.
Synthesizing research from a wide variety of sources, this work offers a convenient guide to a clean, safe, inexpensive, non-toxic, non-polluting solvent that performs better than most conventional solvents. Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide reviews recent development in the technology and its applications to the food, flavor, fra
Supercritical Fluid Technology In Oil And Lipid Chemistry
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Author : Jerry W. King
language : en
Publisher: The American Oil Chemists Society
Release Date : 1996
Supercritical Fluid Technology In Oil And Lipid Chemistry written by Jerry W. King and has been published by The American Oil Chemists Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Science categories.
Thermodynamics of supercritical fluids with respect to lipid-containing systems; Solubility measurement of lipid constituents in supercritical fluids; Supercritical fluid extraction of oilseeds/lipids in natural products; Supercritical fractionation of lipids; Oilseed solubility and extraction modeling; Modeling of the supercritical fluid extraction rate of oilseeds; Design and economic analysis of supercritical fluid extraction processes; Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of fish oils; Supercritical fluid extraction of egg lipids; Supercritical fluid extraction of Cocoa and Cocoa products; Superctitical CO2 extraction of meat products and edible animal fats for cholesterol reduction; Supercritical fluid extraction of algae; Effect of supercritical fluids on residual meals and protein functionality; Treatment of food materials with supercritical carbon dioxide; Enzymatic synthesis in supercritical fluids; Basic principles and the role of supercritical fluid chromatography in lipid analysis; Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of oleochemicals; Supercritical fluid chromatography of trace components in oils and fats; Analytical supercritical fluid extraction for oil and lipid analysis.
The Liquid And Supercritical Fluid States Of Matter
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Author : John E. Proctor
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-09-15
The Liquid And Supercritical Fluid States Of Matter written by John E. Proctor and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-15 with Science categories.
This book addresses graduate students and researchers wishing to better understand the liquid and supercritical fluid states of matter, presenting a single cohesive treatment of the liquid and supercritical fluid states using the gas-like and solid-like approaches. Bringing this information together into one comprehensive text, this book outlines how our understanding of the liquid and supercritical fluid states is applied and explores the use of supercritical fluids in daily life and in research, for example in power generation, and their existence in planetary interiors. Presents a single coherent treatment of the key knowledge about the liquid and supercritical fluid states Provides comprehensive survey of key fluid properties from the latest experiments and applies our theoretical knowledge to understand the behaviour of these real fluids Explores the consequences of recent advances in the field on our understanding in industry, nature, and in interdisciplinary research, including planetary science
Supercritical Fluids
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Author : E. Kiran
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Supercritical Fluids written by E. Kiran and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
Supercritical fluids which are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density, are gaining increasing importance as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the pressure, or more strictly the density, the properties of these fluids are customized and manipulated for the particular process at hand, be it a physical transformation, such as separation or solvation, or a chemical transformation, such as a reaction or reactive extraction. Supercritical fluids, however, differ from both gases and liquids in many respects. In order to properly understand and describe their properties, it is necessary to know the implications of their nearness to criticality, to be aware of the complex types of phase separation (including solid phases) that occur when the components of the fluid mixture are very different from each other, and to develop theories that can cope with the large differences in molecular size and shape of the supercritical solvent and the solutes that are present.