Surface Water Treatment By Roughing Filters
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Surface Water Treatment By Roughing Filters
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Author : Martin Wegelin
language : en
Publisher: Skat
Release Date : 1996
Surface Water Treatment By Roughing Filters written by Martin Wegelin and has been published by Skat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Drinking water categories.
The publication presents the concept, design and field experience of roughing filters applied as pretreatment prior to slow sand filters. It describes treatment processes which convert turbid surface water into clear drinking water. The presented treatment methods are simple, efficient and reliable and therefore appropriate for rural water supply schemes.
Surface Water Treatment By Roughing Filters
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Author : Martin Wegelin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Surface Water Treatment By Roughing Filters written by Martin Wegelin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
Slow Sand Filtration
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Author : Nigel Jonathon Douglas Graham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Slow Sand Filtration written by Nigel Jonathon Douglas Graham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Filtration Strategies To Meet The Surface Water Treatment Rule
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Author : Raymond D. Letterman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Filtration Strategies To Meet The Surface Water Treatment Rule written by Raymond D. Letterman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
Sustainable Drinking Water Treatment For Small Communities Using Multistage Slow Sand Filtration Electronic Resource
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Author : Cleary, Shawn A
language : en
Publisher: University of Waterloo
Release Date : 2005
Sustainable Drinking Water Treatment For Small Communities Using Multistage Slow Sand Filtration Electronic Resource written by Cleary, Shawn A and has been published by University of Waterloo this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Slow sand filtration is a proven and sustainable technology for drinking water treatment in small communities. The process, however, is sensitive to lower water temperatures that can lead to decreased biological treatment, and high raw water turbidity levels that can lead to premature clogging of the filter and frequent cleaning requirements, resulting in increased risk of pathogen breakthrough. Multistage filtration, consisting of roughing filtration followed by slow sand filtration, can overcome these treatment limitations and provide a robust treatment alternative for surface water sources of variable water quality in northern climates, which typically experience water temperatures ranging down to 2C̊. Prior to this study, however, multistage filtration had yet to be systematically challenged in colder climates, including testing of its performance under increased hydraulic loadings and elevated influent turbidity together with cold water conditions. The primary goal of this research was to demonstrate the reliability of multistage filtration for small communities in northern climates with reference to the Ontario Safe Drinking Water Act. In this research, testing was conducted on two different pilot multistage filtration systems and fed with water from the Grand River, a municipally and agriculturally impacted river in Southern Ontario. One system featured pre-ozonation and post-granular activated carbon (GAC) stages, and shallower bed depths in the roughing filter and slow sand filter. The other system featured deeper bed depths in the roughing filter and slow sand filter, two parallel roughing filters of different design for comparison, and a second stage of slow sand filtration for increased robustness. Removal of turbidity, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms under a range of influent turbidities (1 to>100 NTU), water temperatures (~2 to 20C̊), and hydraulic loading rates (0.2 to 0.8 m/h) were investigated. In addition, the slow sand filters in each pilot system were challenged with high concentrations (~10¡ oocyst/L) of inactivated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The performance of both pilot multistage filtration systems was highly dependent on the biological maturity of the system and its hydraulic loading rate. In a less mature system operating in cold water conditions (5C̊), effluent turbidity was mostly below 0.5 NTU during periods of stable influent turbidity (no runoff events) and a hydraulic loading of 0.4 m/h, however, runoff events of high influent turbidity (50 NTU), increased hydraulic loadings (0.6 m/h), and filter cleaning occasionally resulted in effluent turbidity above 1 NTU. Furthermore, in a less mature system operating during runoff events of high turbidity, reducing the hydraulic loading rate to 0.2 m/h was important for achieving effluent turbidity below 1 NTU. However, in a more mature system operating in warm water conditions (19-22C̊), effluent turbidity was consistently below 0.3 NTU at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.4 m/h, and below 0.5 NTU at 0.8 m/h, despite numerous events of high influent turbidity (>25 NTU). It remains to be seen whether this performance could be sustained in colder water temperatures with a fully mature filter. Removal of coliform bacteria was occasionally incomplete in a less mature multistage system, whereas, in a more mature system operating in warm water conditions (>9C̊), removal was complete in all measurements. Furthermore, the average removal of Cryptosporidium was greater than 2.5 logs in both systems (with hydraulic loading rates ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 m/h) and improved with increased filter maturity. Each individual stage of the multistage system was an important treatment barrier in the overall process of turbidity and pathogen removal. The roughing filter was not only important for protecting the slow sand filter from solids loading and increasing its run length, but was also a significant contributor to coliform removal when the system was less mature. Removal of turbidity was significantly improved when the roughing filter was more mature, suggesting that biological treatment was an important treatment mechanism in the roughing filter. Although pre-ozonation was used mainly for the removal of organic carbon and colour, it achieved complete removal of coliform bacteria and was also suspected to be important for enhanced removal of turbidity. The second slow sand filter in series provided additional robustness to the process by reducing effluent turbidity to below 1 NTU during cold water runoff events of high turbidity and increased hydraulic loadings (0.6 m/h), while achieving effluent below 0.3 NTU during normal periods of operation. It also provided additional removals of coliforms under challenging operating conditions, and contributed an additional average removal of Cryptosporidium of 0.8 logs, which resulted in cumulative removal of 3.7 logs, approximately 1 log greater than all the other challenge tests. Collectively, the entire multistage system performed well with water temperatures ranging down to 2C̊, limited filter maturity, elevated raw water turbidities, and increased hydraulic loading rates. Its ability to meet the current Ontario turbidity regulations and greater than 2 log removal of Cryptosporidium over a range of operating conditions, with little or no process adjustment, is a testament to the robustness and minimal maintenance requirements of the process, which are desirable attributes for small water systems that are often located in rural areas. While this research demonstrated the performance of multistage filtration using pilot scale testing, it is important to note that full-scale plants tend to produce significantly better results than pilot facilities, due to long term biological maturation of the system. Overall, multistage filtration is a sustainable and cost-effective technology that, through this research, appears to be a safe, reliable, and robust treatment alternative for small and non-municipal water systems in North America and the developing world. Further, based on its performance with challenging influent water quality and cold water conditions, multistage filtration holds particular promise for small communities in northern climates that are required to meet safe drinking water regulations, but are dependent on surface water sources of variable water quality and temperatures.
Manual Of Design For Slow Sand Filtration
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Manual Of Design For Slow Sand Filtration written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Slow Sand Filtration
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Author : American Society of Civil Engineers. Task Committee on Slow Sand Filtration
language : en
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Release Date : 1991
Slow Sand Filtration written by American Society of Civil Engineers. Task Committee on Slow Sand Filtration and has been published by American Society of Civil Engineers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Water categories.
This report summarises current practice regarding slow sand filtration in the US. It examines topics such as the biological and physical mechanisms, appropriate water quality, micro-organisms removal, filter design, construction, operation, maintenance, costs and pilot studies.
Slow Sand Filtration
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Author : American Water Works Association
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Slow Sand Filtration written by American Water Works Association and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Science categories.
Water Treatment
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Author : Nicholas G. Pizzi
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2010
Water Treatment written by Nicholas G. Pizzi and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Teaching the fundamentals of drinking-water treatment processes, this text covers such topics as preliminary treatment, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, clarification, filtration, disinfection, fluoridation, membranes, UV, and ozone. Part two of a five-book series.
Evaluation Of Roughing Filtration For Pre Treatment Of Stormwater Prior To Aquifer Storage Recovery Asr
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Evaluation Of Roughing Filtration For Pre Treatment Of Stormwater Prior To Aquifer Storage Recovery Asr written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Aquifers categories.
Multi-stage granular filtration, including roughing filtration and slow sand filtration, represents a promising method for improving the quality of stormwater retained in urban wetlands to allow for sustainable aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in siliceous aquifers. The emphasis of this research is on the application of roughing filtration to remove suspended solids in stormwater prior to slow sand filtration, an area of research that has not been thoroughly investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of physico-chemical filtration (primarily the transport of suspended particles to filter media by sedimentation) for particle removal in roughing filtration. Surface and straining filtration may also contribute to particle removal, although the significance of these processes is not well understood. Using bench-scale column experiments, this study aimed to determine the suitability of roughing filtration for pre-treating stormwater retained at the Urrbrae Wetland intended for slow sand filtration and ASR and advance the understanding of particle removal mechanisms in roughing filters by applying recent advances in trajectory modelling.