Sustainability And The Occupant
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Sustainability And The Occupant
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Author : Nicolas J. Seyler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-31
Sustainability And The Occupant written by Nicolas J. Seyler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Occupant behaviors can more than offset technological efficiency gains so that research must go beyond sustainable buildings. Nicolas J. Seyler addresses numerous recent calls for research regarding the drivers of environmental real estate user behaviors (EREUB). In particular, the work investigates the effects of environmental attitudes and mindfulness on EREUB in two different contexts, namely at home and at the office. The contributions are twofold. First, the author develops and validates a novel measurement scale for EREUB. Secondly and most importantly, the empirical studies are the first to apply the concept of mindfulness solely in real estate research. By employing partial least squares structural equation modeling it is shown that mindfulness is a determining factor of occupant behaviors besides environmental attitudes. About the Author: Nicolas J. Seyler has been research assistant and doctoral candidate at the Real Estate Management Institute (REMI) of EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht. His research focused on sustainability and real estate user behaviors. Currently, he is working at a leading real estate constancy firm and is specialized in strategic as well as transaction advisory projects.
Space Mate
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Author : Flavia Cristina Grey Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Space Mate written by Flavia Cristina Grey Rodriguez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Knowledge workers, i.e. employees, students, and faculty, are an institution's greatest asset. Nevertheless, studies show that: 1) Poor health, lost productivity and active disengagement of knowledge workers cost the U.S. economy over $1.3 trillion dollars per year. 2) Knowledge workers, like most occupants, spend 90% of their time in buildings. 3) Buildings consume 73% of U.S. electricity and generate 39% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. These are key drivers of the Space-Mate study asking an overarching question: How can we harmonize knowledge worker well-being and building sustainable performance? Traditionally, the interaction between occupants and buildings has been represented using occupant comfort models and building performance simulation tools. The purpose of occupant comfort models is to provide neutral indoor environments which reduce negative impacts on the occupant. These models are discrete, deterministic and based on aggregated, qualitative survey data. They do not differentiate between individuals nor consider quantitative occupant psycho-physiological state and well-being variables nor the activities that the occupants are performing. Building performance models consider occupants as building internal loads. Occupant behavior is complex and stochastic, yet current building performance models represent occupant behavior as discrete, deterministic and unchanging in hour-long periods of time. This leads to questionable results and a known gap between the model and the building's actual performance. The Space-Mate study builds on 3 research areas that provided theoretical and practical points of departure: built environment, affective computing, and physiology. Built environment research efforts to monitor and model occupants in buildings have focused on detecting the occupant spatial location, their energy-related occupant behavior, and their subjective awareness of the impact of building indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on their well-being. These models are used as input to simulation tools with the goal of predicting the building performance with an emphasis on energy consumption. These approaches do not consider monitoring, modeling or simulating the occupant variable psycho-physiological state, nor the dynamic interaction between the occupant and the building IEQ, and its impact on building energy consumption. Affective computing monitoring and modelling methods rely on wearable sensor data and implement machine learning algorithms to identify and predict psycho-physiological well-being indicators but do not monitor the built environment surrounding their participants, nor do they provide multi-variable models to represent the participant's composite psycho-physiological state. Physiology research methodologies use fixed or wearable sensors to monitor athletes' physiological parameters. However, their focus is on high-intensity exercise activities. Extant research does not consider low-intensity activities typical of knowledge work. Consequently, their existing artificial intelligence models are inaccurate for these types of activity levels. To address these challenges, I formalized the following research questions: RQ1: How can we dynamically track occupant spatial, temporal, psycho-physiological states? RQ2: How can we model variations in the occupant state? RQ3: How can we model the interaction between the occupant state and the building state? RQ4: How can we simulate the dynamic interaction data flow between the occupant and the building towards harmonizing occupant well-being and building performance? The Space-Mate study leverages a three-step methodology, Monitor-Model-Simulate. The units of analysis were one occupant inside one interior room of the building. The occupants were volunteer participants in the AEC Global Teamwork course at Stanford University. The data was collected during their weekly 2-hour project meetings. The Monitor step of Space-Mate consists of a concurrent occupant psycho-physiological state and building indoor environment data collection which uncovers the variability of both the occupant well-being and building interior environment as a function of the occupant activities. I developed an instrumentation and data collection protocol and collected ten data types--five occupant psycho-physiological variables, three building room variables, and two context variables. Two correlated and synchronized occupant-building datasets were collected in 2017 and 2018, for a total of 33 meetings. Towards gaining an understanding of the occupant-building datasets, I developed interactive big data analysis and visualization applications to detect variability and patterns reflecting the duration and transitions of states for the occupant, the building room and the context variables. The Model step used the correlated and synchronized occupant-building datasets for the development, training, testing, and validation of four analysis models: 1. An Occupant State Classification model defines and classifies a finite set of occupant psycho-physiological states through unsupervised and supervised machine learning classification. 2. An Occupant State Transition model implements a Markov chain model to represent the transition probabilities between occupant psycho-physiological states. 3. An Activity Duration and Transition model predicts the duration of an activity during the meeting and represents the transition probabilities between activities with a Markov chain. 4. A Building State Transition Neural Network model implements a neural network time-series model to predict the variations in the building indoor environment state as influenced by the occupant psycho-physiological state. The Simulate step integrates the four analysis models into a novel Space-Mate framework. The Space-Mate framework is based on a 6-step iterative cycle that represents the dynamic interaction data flow between the occupant and building collaborating towards positively impacting the occupant psycho-physiological state in support of the occupant activity and managing the building sustainable performance. Space-Mate presents an innovative perspective by assigning agency to both the occupant and the building, enabling them to work together taking into consideration their independent goals, constraints, and preferences. The Monitor-Model-Simulate methodology and the Space-Mate framework provided the road map of the Space-Mate study and implementation of the Space-Mate simulation prototype presented in this dissertation. To test and demonstrate the feasibility of the Space-Mate framework, I developed a prototype implementing the 6-step Space-Mate simulation. The simulation results indicate that the Space-Mate decision-making framework can lead up to 35% improvement in occupant well-being. When the occupant and building work together, similar improvements in occupant well-being can be achieved with up to 65% less energy consumption than when they work independently. The development of Space-Mate led to contributions to knowledge, technology, practice, and the three areas of research that informed the points of departure for this study. The contributions propose a protocol for concurrent occupant and building instrumentation and data collection, correlated and synchronized occupant-building datasets, a Big Data Analysis and Visualization application to study any combination of time-series data, and visualize content in context; four analysis models, the Space-Mate framework, and the Space-Mate simulation prototype that is customizable and scalable. Findings from the data analysis and visualization indicate: 1) Patterns of data variability, 2) Loss of variability and increase in error result from data aggregation, and 3) Data variability by individual and by activity. In closing, Space-Mate limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Occupant Training In High Performance Buildings
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Author : Julia K. Day
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Occupant Training In High Performance Buildings written by Julia K. Day and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
A sequential mixed method study was conducted to better understand the relationships between occupant behaviors, reported environmental satisfaction, and learning in high performance buildings. First, interviews were conducted (n=3) and documents were analyzed to determine the study population. Second, a survey was sent to ten high performance buildings in the United States (n=118), and third, follow up interviews (n=41) were conducted with occupants from selected buildings to better understand the survey responses.
Occupant Behaviour In Buildings Advances And Challenges
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Author : Enedir Ghisi
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2021-08-19
Occupant Behaviour In Buildings Advances And Challenges written by Enedir Ghisi and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Occupant behaviour in buildings is a point of interest for building designers around the world. Functional buildings have a significant energy demand; therefore, improving the thermal and energy performance of such buildings requires knowledge about the variables that influence them. However, to increase the potential for improving thermal and energy performance of buildings, studies must also consider the occupant’s interactions with the built environment. The occupant behaviour influences the conditions of the internal environment through the occupation of indoor building spaces and through the interaction with building elements, such as air-conditioning, lighting, blinds and windows. Occupant Behaviour in Buildings: Advances and Challenges brings together reviews of these influential aspects, presenting updates on advances and questions that pose challenges in our current understanding of behavioural modeling and its application to building design. Special topics covered in the book include methods to survey occupant behavior, building design choices, occupant behaviour impact on a building's thermal and energy efficiency, and,finally, a simulation of occupants in a building. Key Features- Presents up-to-date information on occupant behaviour in buildings- Eight chapters, written by renowned researchers, provide readers with useful insights on the subject- Includes a case study of buildings in Brazil- Structured reader-friendly content- References for further reading This reference is an informative resource for students and professionals in architecture, civil engineering, building information design, and urban planning. Readers interested in social and behavioural sciences will also gain insights on research methods that are helpful in investigating human behavior in urban dwellings.
Sustainability Of The Existing Housing Stock And The Occupants Lifestyles
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Author : Lousie Marie Sunderland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Sustainability Of The Existing Housing Stock And The Occupants Lifestyles written by Lousie Marie Sunderland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Assessing The Pre Occupancy And Post Occupancy Baseline Sustainability Practices Of Multiple Tenants In A Zero Carbon Office Building
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Author : Olivia Paxton-Beesley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Assessing The Pre Occupancy And Post Occupancy Baseline Sustainability Practices Of Multiple Tenants In A Zero Carbon Office Building written by Olivia Paxton-Beesley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This research assesses the baseline sustainable lifestyle patterns of occupants in a multi-tenant office building in Waterloo, ON designed for next-generation sustainability standards. The building is designed to be zero-carbon and 'net energy positive', to generate more energy than it requires to operate annually. This research explores the influence of sustainable and energy efficient designs on lifestyle choices of the zero-carbon building tenants. The thesis seeks to extend the vision of this zero-carbon building as an innovative office building by exploring the pro-environmental awareness and behaviour of its tenants. Data contained within this study indicates a positive relationship between attitudes and behaviours among tenants. This specialized study can help emphasize the significance of this link. The data might in turn contribute to new operating standards for commercial office tenant buildings, supporting improved energy and sustainability performance in workspaces. The building sector is one of the major contributors to carbon emissions in the world, and the effective reduction of emissions requires significant change in the building industry. Sustainable building design can dramatically reduce carbon emissions associated with the construction and operation of buildings, minimizing harmful environmental impacts. However, there are often performance gaps where the modeled energy performance shown in designs and actual energy performance of occupied buildings do not match. While the building's energy-positive features help solve the global sustainability challenge, achieving high performance also depends on deliberate patterns of use by tenants and management, requiring elevated awareness among occupants. This research identifies the self-reported behaviours of the future tenants of the zero-carbon office building prior to the occupancy of the sustainable building, providing a baseline to compare the lifestyle patterns of tenants as they are exposed to a sustainably designed workspace. The study focuses on baseline lifestyle choices by collecting information about commuting choices, diet, and waste habits through an online survey, and on parking lot composition through an observational survey. The study compares patterns among tenants from environmental, information technology, education and accounting industries. In parallel, the study considers the influence of the zero-carbon office building's architectural features, including geothermal heating, triple-glazed windows, a solar carport, and 28 electric charging stations in its parking lot, together with the location of the development next to a light rail transit station which supports the option of low-carbon mass transportation. Literature cited within this study includes recent papers that discuss opportunities to engage the occupants of sustainable buildings, and for satisfaction and comfort of occupants in their new spaces. Researchers highlight that behavioural factors are a major contributor to performance gaps, particularly if the lifestyle patterns of occupants are not complemented by the design of the building. Key studies including Carmichael, Preble, Randall, and Steiner, (2017) and Edwards and Kumphai, (2012) demonstrate that widely varying interests in sustainability and energy requirements seen within multi-tenant environments can create difficulty in achieving reductions in energy usage. This thesis contributes to this literature by emphasizing the importance of occupant awareness of sustainability and sustainable behaviours.
Exploring Occupant Behavior In Buildings
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Author : Andreas Wagner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-10-27
Exploring Occupant Behavior In Buildings written by Andreas Wagner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is the first to comprehensively cover research methods for building occupant behavior. As this is of growing importance for building design and for building performance optimization, the book aims to provide a sound scientific basis for experimental studies in this field. It introduces the reader to fundamental questions about the topic and unfolds the different fields related to occupant actions and comfort. This is followed by more general questions about developing an appropriate research method and experimental design. A comprehensive overview of sensors for monitoring environmental and also behavioral and action-related quantities helps to set up an experiment. In this context, different experimental environments and data collection methods (in-situ, laboratories, surveys) are introduced and discussed in terms of their suitability for the respective research question. Furthermore, data management and reporting is addressed. The book concludes with fundamental challenges in conducting occupant studies, with chapters on ground truth, ethics and privacy.
Effect Of Indoor Environmental Quality On Occupant S Perception Of Performance
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Author : Preethi Prakash
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Effect Of Indoor Environmental Quality On Occupant S Perception Of Performance written by Preethi Prakash and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
ABSTRACT: It is a well-documented fact that people spend most of their time indoors and various aspects of the indoor environment affect the occupant's well-being and performance. Furthermore, design of high performance green buildings promises a better and healthier environment for its occupants. It is this promise that is encouraging the construction industry and clients, to opt for sustainable construction and LEED certified building. While, it is proved that LEED certified buildings help in resource conservation and economic benefits, more research needs to be conducted to see its effect on occupant's perception.
Examining The Relationship Between Occupants Energy Related Behaviors And Spatial Contextual Factors Using An Agent Based Modeling Approach
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Author : Hebatalla Nazmy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Examining The Relationship Between Occupants Energy Related Behaviors And Spatial Contextual Factors Using An Agent Based Modeling Approach written by Hebatalla Nazmy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Environmental Design focuses on the interaction among the naturally occurring environment, human-built environment, and humans themselves. Underlying environmental design is energy performance. Energy performance is one of the environmental design aspects that contributes to the sustainability of the built environment. The built environment - or building's -energy performance depends on technical and human factors. Technological factors have been exhaustively studied, not surprising given the length of time building have been around. Human factors, however, while having an impact on buildings' energy performance, have only recently received considerable attention. Human factors, such as occupant behavior, has been identified as one of the factors that contribute to the inconsistencies between predicted and measured energy consumption. And energy consumption and conservation have been concerns for decades. The effect of specific building designs, namely spatial factors, that have on occupants' behavior, have been underestimated in previous research.The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between spatial factors and occupants' energy-related behaviors. A survey was conducted to study occupants' behaviors regarding operating windows and adjusting blinds in multifamily residential buildings. The survey was conducted during the three months of both summer and winter. The responses were statistically modeled, and then a preliminary agent-based model was used to simulate occupants' interaction with buildings' systems and predict the resultant energy consumption. The proposed agent-based model accounted for the occupants' drivers to interact with the environmental systems within a building, such as air quality, thermal, visual, and acoustical conditions. It defined occupants' needs to control indoor environmental conditions based on spatial factors such as site characteristics, building features, space type, and furniture layout. That is, a good furniture layout (as suggested in this current study) can help people perform more sustainable behaviors. Additionally, occupants would need to achieve a multi-comfort level and may prioritize indoor environmental quality criteria based on their individual preferences. The proposed model also accounted for the psychological factors through utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior.The survey results showed that the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior could be used to predict occupants' behavior of operating windows and adjusting blinds. It also explained that occupants' beliefs of operating windows and adjusting blinds are consistent across living and sleeping areas. Responses showed that the furniture layout influenced their interaction with windows and blinds. Most occupants indicated that they operate windows to control the indoor temperature and air quality. Some of the occupants mentioned that they prefer to sit close to the window to enjoy natural daylight and outdoor views. However, there was no significant relationship among the occupants' beliefs of operating windows and adjusting blinds, and the site characteristics such as the orientation, and the building features such as the floor level. The results of the proposed agent-based model simulation showed that occupants' beliefs regarding operating windows and adjusting blinds affect the building's energy consumption. One of the main limitations of this study is collecting subjective data of occupants' behavior of operating windows and adjusting blinds using a survey. Suggestions for future research include incorporating monitoring studies to collect objective data to support the survey results. Future research could also incorporate the proposed agent-based model with building energy simulation software to increase the accuracy and realism of the predicted building energy performance. Designers could benefit from this tool to make informed decisions based on the simulated energy-related occupants' behavior.
Sustainable Building Performance
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Author : Samantha Hall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-08
Sustainable Building Performance written by Samantha Hall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-08 with categories.
The growth of green and sustainable building has completely transformed the commercial construction and real estate industries over the past decade. However, whilst buildings are now designed and delivered with sustainable design principles on a global scale, the performance of these buildings over time is rarely discussed. Changes in facilities management, new ownership, or fitout changes can all cause buildings to 'drift' from the original design, which can lead to a growth of inefficient building stock and sub-optimal working conditions for occupants. Sustainable Building Performanceis a practical professional guide to ensuring that buildings continually maintain and improve their performance levels over time, covering key topics such as: Indoor environment quality Building management Corporate culture Design and technology Occupant experience Sustainable Building Performanceprovides a practical, action based approach, suitable both for professionals in property, construction and facility management roles, and for students on courses in sustainability, engineering, real estate and architecture.