Symmetry In Plants
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Symmetry In Plants
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Author : Roger V. Jean
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1998
Symmetry In Plants written by Roger V. Jean and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Science categories.
The book deals with biological, mathematical, descriptive, causal and systemic phyllotaxis. It aims at reflecting the widest possible range of ideas and research closely related to phyllotaxis and contains 30 well illustrated chapters.The book has three parts of equal importance. The first two parts concern data collecting, pattern recognition and pattern generation to which students of phyllotaxis are well accustomed. The third part is devoted to the problem of origins of phyllotactic patterns, giving the field of phyllotaxis the universality it requires to be fully understood.Phyllotaxis-like patterns are found in places where genes are not necessarily present. Part III concerns general comparative morphology, homologies with phyllotactic patterns, and recent trends on evolution that can help to understand phyllotaxis.The distinguished researchers who accepted to participate in the production of this book, strongly contributed to the field of phyllotaxis in the past and have devoted a lot of their time to the fascinating subject coming up with most valuable findings, or are newcomers with original ideas that may be very relevant for the future of the field. The book summarizes and updates their contributions, and promotes new avenues in the treatment of phyllotaxis.This book on mathematical and biological phyllotaxis is the first collective book ever. A landmark in the history of phyllotaxis.
Development Function And Evolution Of Symmetry In Plants
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Author : Pamela K. Diggle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Development Function And Evolution Of Symmetry In Plants written by Pamela K. Diggle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Asymmetry In Plants
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Author : Bir Bahadur
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-03-25
Asymmetry In Plants written by Bir Bahadur and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-25 with Nature categories.
Plants exhibit forms of asymmetry analogous to "handedness" in bilaterally symmetrical animals. This book explores the evolutionary significance and development of asymmetry. Examples of genetic control include the direction of tendril or stem coiling of many climbing plants; the so-called spiral phyllotaxy and floral taxy; and contorted petal arrangement is another kind of left- right symmetry in plants; the direction of contortion is fixed in some but not in other plants. The book will underscore tha all phenomena related to handedness start during embryogenesis itself, with the occurrence of embryo rotation. Key selling features: First consolidated book on Plant Handedness Relates handedness, asymmetry and chirality to the evolution of different organizational levels in plant biology Emphasizes handedness as a vital governing force in plant functional evolution Provides a new perspective, hitherto ignored, into plant developemtn and evolution Describes how an age-old phenomenon can give scope for investigation from a very modern interdisciplinary approach
Symmetry Of Plants
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Author : Scott G. Hotton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Symmetry Of Plants written by Scott G. Hotton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Fibonacci numbers categories.
On Symmetry And Distorted Symmetry In The Leaves Of Plants
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Author : Burt Green Wilder
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1868
On Symmetry And Distorted Symmetry In The Leaves Of Plants written by Burt Green Wilder and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1868 with Leaves categories.
The Evolution Of Floral Symmetry Across The Plant Order Lamiales
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Author : Jinshun Zhong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Evolution Of Floral Symmetry Across The Plant Order Lamiales written by Jinshun Zhong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Electronic books categories.
Bilaterally symmetrical corollas have evolved independently numerous times from radially symmetrical ancestors and are thought to represent adaptation to specific pollinators. However, evolutionary losses of bilateral symmetry have occurred sporadically in different lineages. CYC2-like and RAD-like are genes needed for the normal development of bilateral symmetry in snapdragon corollas. However, exactly how changes in the floral symmetry patterning genes correlate with the origin and loss of floral bilateral remains poorly known. To address this question, a densely sampled phylogeny of CYC2-like genes across the order Lamiales was inferred and calibrated. The expression patterns of these genes in early diverging and higher core clades were also examined. The phylogeny indicated at least four independent duplications of CYC2-like genes in four major lineages of Lamiales around the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, coinciding with the initial diversification of bumble bees and euglossine bees. Losses of CYC2-like paralogs were common, but did not correlate with a corresponding loss in floral symmetry. Relaxed positive selection occurred concurrently with retention of duplicates. CYC2-like paralogs showed differential expression, and asymmetrical expression of individual CYC2-like genes in adaxial and lateral petals correlated with the independent origins of floral zygomorphy in core Lamiales. The expression patterns of CYC2-like genes have evolved in a stepwise fashion. CYC2-like was expressed only very early in development in Oleaceae, while persistent expression of CYC2-like in petals originated in the common ancestor of Tetrachondraceae and core Lamiales. Asymmetrical expression in adaxial and lateral petals appeared later with the common ancestor of the core Lamiales. Similarly, expression of RAD-like in petals appeared in early diverging Lamiales or earlier, while asymmetrical expression in adaxial and lateral petals appeared later with Plantaginaceae and Gesneriaceae. Flowers of three radially symmetrical members of Lamiaceae were studied in detail, and the results indicated that each achieved radial symmetry in a different way. Development and expression of CYC2-like genes in Lycopus were similar to those of their bilaterally symmetrical relatives. However, expanded expression of CcCYC2A correlated with a radially symmetrical corolla in Callicarpa. Finally, loss of CYC2A and altered expression of CYC2Bs may account for the early bilateral symmetry but late radial symmetry in Mentha.
On Variations In The Floral Symmetry Of Certain Plants Having Irregular Corollas
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Author : William Bateson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1891
On Variations In The Floral Symmetry Of Certain Plants Having Irregular Corollas written by William Bateson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1891 with Growth (Plants) categories.
The Development And Evolution Of Floral Symmetry In The Zingiberales And Interactive Tools For Teaching Evolution Arbored
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Author : Riva Anne Bruenn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Development And Evolution Of Floral Symmetry In The Zingiberales And Interactive Tools For Teaching Evolution Arbored written by Riva Anne Bruenn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Abstract The Development and Evolution of Floral Symmetry in the Zingiberales and Interactive Tools for Teaching Evolution (ArborEd) by Riva Anne Bruenn Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Chelsea D. Specht, Chair Floral symmetry is a key innovation in the evolution of flowering plants. Zygomorphy, or single-planed symmetry, is associated with the diversification of many flowering plant lineages. The model system for floral symmetry is the snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus). In A. majus flowers, a set of TCP and MYB-related transcription factors form a core gene regulatory network necessary for zygomorphy. The genes involved in this network have been implicated in several independent transitions to zygomorphy from actinomorphy (many-planed symmetry). Although the TCP components of the symmetry network have been investigated across flowering plants, MYB-related transcription factors remain largely unstudied outside of the Asterid group containing A. majus and close relatives. Here we investigate the evolution of MYB-related genes DIVARICATA-like (DIV-like), RADIALIS-like (RAD-like), and DIVARICATA and RADIALIS INTERACTING FACTOR-like (DRIF-like) across flowering plants, and their expression patterns in the developing flowers of two zygomorphic species of the monocot order Zingiberales. We found that RAD-like and DIV-like are sister MYB-related genes which diverged before the diversification of flowering plants. Each gene contains one MYB-like domain that has been closely conserved throughout flowering plant evolution. Furthermore, we identified candidate homologs to A. majus RAD and DIV in several monocot taxa, with at least three copies of each in the Zingiberales. In the Zingiberales, RAD-like and DIV-like genes are expressed in Costus spicatus (Costaceae) and Musa basjoo (Musaceae) in patterns consistent with roles in floral symmetry. Using Reverse Transcription PCR and in situ hybridization we recovered asymmetric expression patterns for some RAD-like genes across the dorsal/ventral plane of developing flowers, and universal expression of DIV-like genes, consistent with the model known from Antirrhinum majus. We identified DRIF-like genes across flowering plants, recovering a previously undescribed duplication in eudicot DRIF Group 1 genes. Furthermore, we recovered candidate DRIF-like genes in Musa basjoo (Musaceae: Zingiberales) with expression patterns similar to those described in A. majus DRIF1 and DRIF2. Finally, we developed a tutorial for high school and college students to investigate a coevolutionary hypothesis in sharpshooters and their bacterial endosymbionts. This tool will help students understand how comparative evolutionary research is performed, and give them hands-on experience performing common analyses.
The Symmetry Of Vegetation
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Author : John. [from old catalogue]. Lindley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1854
The Symmetry Of Vegetation written by John. [from old catalogue]. Lindley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1854 with categories.
Fivefold Symmetry
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Author : Istv n Hargittai
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1992
Fivefold Symmetry written by Istv n Hargittai and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
Fivefold symmetry is common in flowers, fruits, molecules, logos, and buildings, but it is a forbidden symmetry in the world of crystals. A few years ago, the so-called quasicrystals were discovered displaying fivefold symmetry, and it caused a minirevolution in crystallography. There has been increased awareness of fivefold symmetry in all domains of human interest ever since. The present book brings together authors and ideas on a common theme from mathematics, the sciences, design, and anthropology to history, literature, and the arts. Its 29 chapters are an offering by scientists and humanists from 13 countries to a broad readership of professionals and laypersons about fivefold symmetry and the areas that are being bridged by this unique concept.