Synaptic Modifications And Memory
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Synaptic Modifications And Memory
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Author : Leon L. Voronin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Synaptic Modifications And Memory written by Leon L. Voronin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Understanding of memory and learning is one of the major goals of neuroscientists and psychologists. The author first introduces the reader into the current state of knowledge of the mechanisms underlying memory by providing extensive reviews of contemporary results including behavioural approaches and molecular studies. He presents results of his group obtained by analysing elec- trical activity - including single neuron meassures. As a major experimental model the phenomenon of hippocampal long- term potentiation was studied. The so-called quantal analy- sis - a quantitative method - was applied to study mammalian brain plasticity. Short- and long-term synaptic plasticities were registered both in vivo and in vitro mammalian brain preparations. Results show the involvement of mainly presynaptic location in memory, however, the possible involvement of postsynaptic mechanisms is indicated by changes in quantal amplitude as shown by the author.
Xml Indexing And Pattern Matching
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Author : Moon Bongki
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-02-15
Xml Indexing And Pattern Matching written by Moon Bongki and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-15 with Computers categories.
Since Extensible Markup Language (XML) emerged as a new standard for information representation and exchange on the Internet, the problem of storing, indexing and querying XML documents has been in the forefront of database research issues. XML Indexing and Pattern Matching introduces and discusses issues and challenges in XML indexing and pattern matching. The book describes state of the art techniques in indexing, and offers solutions to problems that arise in the real-world applications.
Neuronal Mechanisms Of Memory Formation
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Author : Christian Hölscher
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001
Neuronal Mechanisms Of Memory Formation written by Christian Hölscher and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Medical categories.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is by far the most dominant model for neuronal changes that might encode memory. LTP is an elegant concept that meets many criteria set up by theoreticians long before the model's discovery, and it also fits anatomical data of learning-dependent synapse changes. Since the discovery of LTP, the question has remained about how closely LTP produced in vitro by artificial stimulation of neurons actually models putative learning-induced synaptic changes. A number of recent investigations have tried to correlate synaptic changes observed after learning with changes produced by artificial stimulation of neurons. These studies have failed to find a correlation between the two forms of synaptic plasticity. In this book, an international group of neurobiologists and psychologists discuss their latest ideas and data. The results of experiments using electrophysiological techniques in vitro are discussed and compared with the results of in vivo experiments. Learning experiments are also discussed. Theoretical models such as the Hebb theory of synaptic changes during learning are compared to different models that do not predict upregulation of synaptic transmission. A wide approach is taken, and research and models in different brain areas such as the neocortex and the basal brain are discussed.
The Role Of Synaptic Tagging And Capture For Memory Dynamics In Spiking Neural Networks
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Author : Jannik Luboeinski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-09-02
The Role Of Synaptic Tagging And Capture For Memory Dynamics In Spiking Neural Networks written by Jannik Luboeinski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-02 with Science categories.
Memory serves to process and store information about experiences such that this information can be used in future situations. The transfer from transient storage into long-term memory, which retains information for hours, days, and even years, is called consolidation. In brains, information is primarily stored via alteration of synapses, so-called synaptic plasticity. While these changes are at first in a transient early phase, they can be transferred to a late phase, meaning that they become stabilized over the course of several hours. This stabilization has been explained by so-called synaptic tagging and capture (STC) mechanisms. To store and recall memory representations, emergent dynamics arise from the synaptic structure of recurrent networks of neurons. This happens through so-called cell assemblies, which feature particularly strong synapses. It has been proposed that the stabilization of such cell assemblies by STC corresponds to so-called synaptic consolidation, which is observed in humans and other animals in the first hours after acquiring a new memory. The exact connection between the physiological mechanisms of STC and memory consolidation remains, however, unclear. It is equally unknown which influence STC mechanisms exert on further cognitive functions that guide behavior. On timescales of minutes to hours (that means, the timescales of STC) such functions include memory improvement, modification of memories, interference and enhancement of similar memories, and transient priming of certain memories. Thus, diverse memory dynamics may be linked to STC, which can be investigated by employing theoretical methods based on experimental data from the neuronal and the behavioral level. In this thesis, we present a theoretical model of STC-based memory consolidation in recurrent networks of spiking neurons, which are particularly suited to reproduce biologically realistic dynamics. Furthermore, we combine the STC mechanisms with calcium dynamics, which have been found to guide the major processes of early-phase synaptic plasticity in vivo. In three included research articles as well as additional sections, we develop this model and investigate how it can account for a variety of behavioral effects. We find that the model enables the robust implementation of the cognitive memory functions mentioned above. The main steps to this are: 1. demonstrating the formation, consolidation, and improvement of memories represented by cell assemblies, 2. showing that neuromodulator-dependent STC can retroactively control whether information is stored in a temporal or rate-based neural code, and 3. examining interaction of multiple cell assemblies with transient and attractor dynamics in different organizational paradigms. In summary, we demonstrate several ways by which STC controls the late-phase synaptic structure of cell assemblies. Linking these structures to functional dynamics, we show that our STC-based model implements functionality that can be related to long-term memory. Thereby, we provide a basis for the mechanistic explanation of various neuropsychological effects. Keywords: synaptic plasticity; synaptic tagging and capture; spiking recurrent neural networks; memory consolidation; long-term memory
Neural Plasticity And Memory
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Author : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-04-17
Neural Plasticity And Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-17 with Psychology categories.
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Synaptic Modification Neuron Selectivity And Nervous System Organization
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Author : William B. Levy
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-03-18
Synaptic Modification Neuron Selectivity And Nervous System Organization written by William B. Levy and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-18 with Psychology categories.
First published in 1985. This is a collection of essays presenting various theoretical ideas concerning distributive memories and cortical models. In addition, it includes a discussion of how a central set of assumptions can explain much of what is now known about deprivation and normal development of visual cortex and can perhaps also serve as the basis for a theory of higher nervous system organization as well as the Changeux model of how a synapse can modify itself.
Sleep Memory And Synaptic Plasticity
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Author : Sushil K. Jha
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-25
Sleep Memory And Synaptic Plasticity written by Sushil K. Jha and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-25 with Medical categories.
Over the years there has been growing interest among the scientific community in investigating sleep and how it affects the memory and other brain functions. It is now well established that sleep helps in memory consolidation and induction of neural plasticity, and that short-term deprivation of either total sleep or rapid eye movement sleep alone can induce memory deficits very quickly. Quantitative and qualitative changes in sleep architecture after different training tasks further suggest that discrete memory types may require specific sleep stage/s for optimal memory consolidation, and studies indicate that sleep deprivation alters synaptic plasticity and membrane excitability in the hippocampal neurons and synaptic up-scaling in the cortical neurons. Further, sleep alteration during pregnancy may increase the risk of depression and adversely affect maternal-child relationships, parenting practices, family functioning, and children's development and general wellbeing. This book coherently discusses all these aspects, with a particular focus on the possible role of sleep in memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity. It also highlights the detrimental effects of sleep loss on mental health, the immune system and cognition. This book is a valuable reference resource for students and researchers working in the area of sleep, memory, or neuronal plasticity.
Kindling And Synaptic Plasticity
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Author : Frank Morrell
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 1991
Kindling And Synaptic Plasticity written by Frank Morrell and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Medical categories.
The Transcriptional Regulation Of Memory
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Author : Benedict C. Albensi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-09-06
The Transcriptional Regulation Of Memory written by Benedict C. Albensi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-06 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The formation of various forms of memory involves a series of distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms, many of which are not fully understood. There are highly conserved pathways that are involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, which is the primary substrate for memory storage. The formation of short-term (across minutes) memory is mediated by local changes in synapses, while long-term (across hours to days) memory storage is associated with activation of transcription and synthesis of proteins that modify synaptic function. Transcription factors, which can either repress or activate transcription, play a vital role in driving protein synthesis underlying synaptic plasticity and memory, whereby protein synthesis provides the necessary building blocks to accommodate structural changes at the synapse that foster memory formation. Recent data implicate several families of transcription factors that appear critically important in the regulation of memory. In this Topic we will focus on the families of transcription factors thus far found to be critically involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. These include cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), Rel/nuclear factor B (Rel/NFB), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and early growth response factor (Egr). In recent years, numerous studies have implicated epigenetic mechanisms, changes in gene activity and expression that occur without alteration in gene sequence, in the memory consolidation process. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are critically involved in learning and memory, supporting a role of epigenetic mechanisms. Here we provide more evidence of the importance of DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and the role of histone acetylation and HDAC inhibitors in above mentioned processes.
Essence Of Memory
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Author : Wayne S. Sossin
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2008-04-28
Essence Of Memory written by Wayne S. Sossin and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-28 with Psychology categories.
This selection of reviews gives an up-to-date picture of memory research. Great progress has been made in identifying the memory trace at the molecular and cellular level and individual reviews address the major mechanisms by which changes in synaptic strength can persist. Exciting research at the systems level is also reviewed including the growing importance of changes in inhibitory interneurons and how they play a role in memory formation. Finally, reviews present cognitive and neurobiological models of human memory that explain, characterize and organize the act of memory within a coherent framework. Provides an unique overview that covers all perspectives and methodological approaches to memory Broad coverage of memory research from molecular to human studies in one source Up-to-date reviews give the latest important ideas on memory formation