Techno Economic Analysis And Market Potential Of Geological Thermal Energy Storage Geotes Charged With Solar Thermal And Heat Pumps Into Depleted Oil Gas Reservoirs And Shallow Reservoirs A Technology Overview Preprint
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Techno Economic Analysis And Market Potential Of Geological Thermal Energy Storage Geotes Charged With Solar Thermal And Heat Pumps Into Depleted Oil Gas Reservoirs And Shallow Reservoirs A Technology Overview Preprint
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Techno Economic Analysis And Market Potential Of Geological Thermal Energy Storage Geotes Charged With Solar Thermal And Heat Pumps Into Depleted Oil Gas Reservoirs And Shallow Reservoirs A Technology Overview Preprint written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Depleted oil/gas reservoirs represent a waste of underground resources and investments of drilling, and also a potential risk to the earth's environment. Geologic thermal energy storage (GeoTES) is proposed as a solution to convert depleted oil/gas reservoirs into long-term seasonal energy storage. GeoTES can be hybridized with other techniques for viable commercial deployment, such as 1) concentrating solar power (CSP) collectors and 2) heat pumps with excess renewable energy. Here, a technology overview is given on the two GeoTES technologies, which includes system overview, techno-economic models, and case study. Both GeoTES technologies show great potential in the economics of individual project deployment and applicability across the US.
Geological Thermal Energy Storage Using Solar Thermal And Carnot Batteries Techno Economic Analysis Preprint
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Geological Thermal Energy Storage Using Solar Thermal And Carnot Batteries Techno Economic Analysis Preprint written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Energy storage is increasingly necessary as Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) technologies are deployed. Seasonal energy storage can shift energy generation from the summer to the winter, but these technologies must have extremely large energy capacities and low costs. Geological Thermal energy storage (GeoTES) is proposed as a solution for long-term energy storage. Excess thermal energy can be stored in permeable reservoirs such as aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs for several months. In this article, we describe a techno-economic model that has been developed to evaluate GeoTES systems. The models are developed by combining the output of specialist models which enables the performance and cost of both the subsurface and surface systems to be captured. Off-design models are developed so that the performance can be evaluated at each hour of the year. GeoTES can be charged with two different energy sources: (1) concentrating solar thermal and (2) renewable electricity using heat pumps (henceforth known as a "Carnot Battery"). The stored thermal energy can be used to generate electricity and - uniquely - also directly produce heat that can be used by industrial processes. Furthermore, Carnot-Battery-GeoTES can also be used to form a cold storage reservoir. Preliminary results that quantify the technical and economic performance of these two GeoTES systems are presented.
Geothermal Energy
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Author : Kriti Yadav
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-03-29
Geothermal Energy written by Kriti Yadav and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-29 with Science categories.
This book focuses on the usage of geothermal energy in countries with low-enthalpy reservoirs. It begins with the fundamentals of geothermal energy and classification of geothermal resources and their importance, including enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Further, it discusses the creation, production, potential assessment, perspective analysis, life cycle, and environmental assessments of EGS. It describes applications in the field of geothermal energy with relevant case studies and introduces the application of machine learning techniques in the field of geothermal sectors. Features: Focuses on the development of low- to moderate-enthalpy geothermal resources Introduces machine learning tools and artificial intelligence as applied to geothermal energy Provides an understanding of geothermal energy resources and EGS Discusses the possibility of EGS using spallation and laser drilling Includes stimulation methods (thermal, hydraulic, chemical, and explosive) and case studies This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in geology, clean energy, geothermal energy, and thermal engineering.
Techno Economic Analysis Of Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage For Heating Applications
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Author : Siddarth Durga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Techno Economic Analysis Of Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage For Heating Applications written by Siddarth Durga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) provides an innovative solution to utilize the subterraneous rock formations as a large thermal battery. The surplus thermal energy produced during the low demand periods is stored in the subsurface through shallow geothermal wells, and efficiently extracted throughout the peak demand months to provide space heating. In this study, a high-temperature BTES system is proposed to satisfy the daily winter heating demand of Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca. The BTES is charged with overproduced summer steam (May to October) from Cornell's Combined Heat and Power Plant and is subsequently harnessed (November to April) through an integrated heat pump (HP). To investigate the techno-economic feasibility of the project, a BTES + HP simulation tool was developed on Python 3.8.1 and validated. The tool simulates the 2-D transient heat transfer processes occurring in the rock structures and quantifies the key multi-year performance metrics (exit fluid temperature profile, the amount of energy stored/extracted, round-trip thermal efficiency and the COP of the heat pump) of the system. The technical performance of multiple BTES configurations was analyzed to optimize the BTES dimensions (number of boreholes, borehole spacing, borehole depth) for the site geological properties. The simulations indicate that an octagonal BTES array (90 m depth, 3 m spacing) with a 250 KW HT-heat pump can provide 94% of Snee Hall's winter heating demand (COP-3.85, BTES efficiency-68.7%). The economic analysis reveals that proposed system has an NPV of $647,912 (year 30), IRR of 15%, and a payback period of 9 to 10 years. The system can offset up to 7349.45 MMBTU of natural gas combustion and save 273 MT CO2 emissions annually.
A Resource Assessment Of Geothermal Energy Resources For Converting Deep Gas Wells In Carbonate Strata Into Geothermal Extraction Wells
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Author : Richard J. Erdlac (Jr)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
A Resource Assessment Of Geothermal Energy Resources For Converting Deep Gas Wells In Carbonate Strata Into Geothermal Extraction Wells written by Richard J. Erdlac (Jr) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Previously conducted preliminary investigations within the deep Delaware and Val Verde sub-basins of the Permian Basin complex documented bottom hole temperatures from oil and gas wells that reach the 120-180C temperature range, and occasionally beyond. With large abundances of subsurface brine water, and known porosity and permeability, the deep carbonate strata of the region possess a good potential for future geothermal power development. This work was designed as a 3-year project to investigate a new, undeveloped geographic region for establishing geothermal energy production focused on electric power generation. Identifying optimum geologic and geographic sites for converting depleted deep gas wells and fields within a carbonate environment into geothermal energy extraction wells was part of the project goals. The importance of this work was to affect the three factors limiting the expansion of geothermal development: distribution, field size and accompanying resource availability, and cost. Historically, power production from geothermal energy has been relegated to shallow heat plumes near active volcanic or geyser activity, or in areas where volcanic rocks still retain heat from their formation. Thus geothermal development is spatially variable and site specific. Additionally, existing geothermal fields are only a few 10's of square km in size, controlled by the extent of the heat plume and the availability of water for heat movement. This plume radiates heat both vertically as well as laterally into the enclosing country rock. Heat withdrawal at too rapid a rate eventually results in a decrease in electrical power generation as the thermal energy is "mined". The depletion rate of subsurface heat directly controls the lifetime of geothermal energy production. Finally, the cost of developing deep (greater than 4 km) reservoirs of geothermal energy is perceived as being too costly to justify corporate investment. Thus further development opportunities for geothermal resources have been hindered. To increase the effective regional implementation of geothermal resources as an energy source for power production requires meeting several objectives. These include: 1) Expand (oil and gas as well as geothermal) industry awareness of an untapped source of geothermal energy within deep permeable strata of sedimentary basins;2) Identify and target specific geographic areas within sedimentary basins where deeper heat sources can be developed;3) Increase future geothermal field size from 10 km2 to many 100's km2 or greater; and4) Increase the productive depth range for economic geothermal energy extraction below the current 4 km limit by converting deep depleted and abandoned gas wells and fields into geothermal energy extraction wells. The first year of the proposed 3-year resource assessment covered an eight county region within the Delaware and Val Verde Basins of West Texas. This project has developed databases in Excel spreadsheet form that list over 8,000 temperature-depth recordings. These recordings come from header information listed on electric well logs recordings from various shallow to deep wells that were drilled for oil and gas exploration and production. The temperature-depth data is uncorrected and thus provides the lower temperature that is be expected to be encountered within the formation associated with the temperature-depth recording. Numerous graphs were developed from the data, all of which suggest that a log-normal solution for the thermal gradient is more descriptive of the data than a linear solution. A discussion of these plots and equations are presented within the narrative. Data was acquired that enable the determination of brine salinity versus brine density with the Permian Basin. A discussion on possible limestone and dolostone thermal conductivity parameters is presented with the purpose of assisting in determining heat flow and reservoir heat content for energy extraction. Subsurface maps of temperature either at a constant depth or within a target geothermal reservoir are discussed, but have yet to be completed.
A Techno Economic Study Of A Co2 Plume Geothermal System In Mature Gas Reservoirs Of The Brazos Area Protraction Gulf Of Mexico
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Author : Samuel Jacob Klarin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
A Techno Economic Study Of A Co2 Plume Geothermal System In Mature Gas Reservoirs Of The Brazos Area Protraction Gulf Of Mexico written by Samuel Jacob Klarin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
The Brazos Area protraction of the Gulf of Mexico was the focus of exploration and development of Middle Miocene aged natural gas reservoirs along the Corsair fault trend for many decades of the late 20th century. With this development came the installation of supporting infrastructure. This included fixed offshore platforms and pipelines to bring the produced natural gas back to shore, roughly 65 kilometers in waters between 40 to 60 meters deep. As operations have shifted to deeper waters with larger reservoirs, much of this infrastructure has been left abandoned with removals being delayed due to the high decommissioning costs. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and geothermal energy are two such technologies that received increased attention in the Gulf Coast region as efforts to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations accelerate. Specifically, CO2-plume geothermal (CPG) systems inject supercritical CO2 (sCO2) into a sandstone reservoir where the heat is extracted from the surrounding rock as the fluid migrates, then the fluid is produced into a direct-sCO2 turbine power plant. Upon exiting the power cycle, the sCO2 is then reinjected into the reservoir to start the sequence again. This study uses open-source well data from the National Geothermal Data System (NGDS), reservoir and infrastructure data from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), and the Sequestration of CO2 Tool (SCO2T [superscript PRO]) software to conduct a resource assessment in terms of geothermal energy and CO2-capacity of the gas reservoirs in the Brazos Area protraction and the potential power output and specific capital costs of greenfield and brownfield CPG systems. These characteristics are then used to adapt the CPG system to an offshore application exploiting the mature/depleted reservoir with the most potential, the BA133A_CM7D sand. This application is modeled by creating a workflow to conduct a techno-economic analysis involving three main schemes and the implications of current policy incentives under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, namely the 45Q carbon tax credit and the investment tax credit. The schemes analyzed are a Post-CCS CPG-only application (PCC), a combined CCS and CPG operation with newly built infrastructure (CCNB), and a combined CCS and CPG operation utilizing repurposed infrastructure (CCRI). The economic analysis yields a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) range for the PCC scheme of 72-332 $/MWh. The reduction potential (25-78%) is driven by the amount of infrastructure reuse and ITC incentive at a 20 $/tCO2 storage cost and 35 $/tCO2 purchase price. The LCOE range under the CCNB and CCRI schemes are about 84-573 $/MWh (52-85% reduction potential) and 5-464 $/MWh (58-99% reduction potential), respectively. A sensitivity analysis was performed for 35, 60, and 85 $/tCO2 purchase price and number of sCO2 power plants (1-10) that can be installed on the platform. LCOE ranges for either CCNB or CCRI scenarios are shown to decrease from roughly 1,385 $/MWh to 441 $/MWh
Thermal Energy Storage Market Oriented Background Paper
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Thermal Energy Storage Market Oriented Background Paper written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.
Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies and their applications are discussed. The markets and commercialization status and potential are explored. ERDA TES program plans are presented. It is concluded that the only TES systems ready for immediate commercialization are storage water heating and space heating charged with off-peak electricity. All that is needed for commercialization to occur is the introduction of appropriate split electricity rates or load management contracts. In the near-term, solar water heating and space heating, electric utility TES and TES space cooling with off-peak electricity may prove economic. Technology for these systems is available now or will be soon. The most promising of these is TES space cooling for commercial buildings where the economies of scale may make the systems very attractive. Again, electric rate structures must be altered for commercialization to occur. Increasing energy costs and tax incentives will help commercialize solar systems. The systems also must be proven reliable and performance accurately predicted for general market acceptance to occur. More research must be done on seasonal storage, industrial uses of TES, heat battery powered vehicles and solar thermal power for electrical generation to determine their commercial potential. Of these, current estimates for heat vehicles are the most promising, although a prototype has not yet been built and the concept must await development of the Stirling engine. If industrial and agricultural use of TES are shown to be economic, there should be no problems with commercialization as this sector is very cost conscious and tends to have available capital. Solar thermal power for electrical generation does not look economical currently, but needs further study as an inexhaustible energy source.
