Techno Economic Analysis For The Thermochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol Via Acetic Acid Synthesis
DOWNLOAD
Download Techno Economic Analysis For The Thermochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol Via Acetic Acid Synthesis PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Techno Economic Analysis For The Thermochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol Via Acetic Acid Synthesis book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Techno Economic Analysis For The Thermochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol Via Acetic Acid Synthesis
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Techno Economic Analysis For The Thermochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol Via Acetic Acid Synthesis written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Biomass is a renewable energy resource that can be converted into liquid fuel suitable for transportation applications. As a widely available biomass form, lignocellulosic biomass can have a major impact on domestic transportation fuel supplies and thus help meet the Energy Independence and Security Act renewable energy goals (U.S. Congress 2007). This study performs a techno-economic analysis of the thermo chemical conversion of biomass to ethanol, through methanol and acetic acid, followed by hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol. The conversion of syngas to methanol and methanol to acetic acid are well-proven technologies with high conversions and yields. This study was undertaken to determine if this highly selective route to ethanol could provide an already established economically attractive route to ethanol. The feedstock was assumed to be wood chips at 2000 metric ton/day (dry basis). Two types of gasification technologies were evaluated: an indirectly-heated gasifier and a directly-heated oxygen-blown gasifier. Process models were developed and a cost analysis was performed. The carbon monoxide used for acetic acid synthesis from methanol and the hydrogen used for hydrogenation were assumed to be purchased and not derived from the gasifier. Analysis results show that ethanol selling prices are estimated to be $2.79/gallon and $2.81/gallon for the indirectly-heated gasifier and the directly-heated gasifier systems, respectively (1stQ 2008$, 10% ROI). These costs are above the ethanol market price for during the same time period ($1.50 - $2.50/gal). The co-production of acetic acid greatly improves the process economics as shown in the figure below. Here, 20% of the acetic acid is diverted from ethanol production and assumed to be sold as a co-product at the prevailing market prices ($0.40 - $0.60/lb acetic acid), resulting in competitive ethanol production costs.
Thermochemical Processing Of Biomass
DOWNLOAD
Author : Robert C. Brown
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-05-28
Thermochemical Processing Of Biomass written by Robert C. Brown and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-28 with Science categories.
A comprehensive examination of the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels and power through thermochemical processes Bringing together a widely scattered body of information into a single volume, this book provides complete coverage of the many ways that thermochemical processes are used to transform biomass into fuels, chemicals and power. Fully revised and updated, this new edition highlights the substantial progress and recent developments that have been made in this rapidly growing field since publication of the first edition and incorporates up-to-date information in each chapter. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition incorporates two new chapters covering: condensed phased reactions of thermal deconstruction of biomass and life cycle analysis of thermochemical processing systems. It offers a new introductory chapter that provides a more comprehensive overview of thermochemical technologies. The book also features fresh perspectives from new authors covering such evolving areas as solvent liquefaction and hybrid processing. Other chapters cover combustion, gasification, fast pyrolysis, upgrading of syngas and bio-oil to liquid transportation fuels, and the economics of thermochemically producing fuels and power, and more. Features contributions by a distinguished group of European and American researchers offering a broad and unified description of thermochemical processing options for biomass Combines an overview of the current status of thermochemical biomass conversion as well as engineering aspects to appeal to the broadest audience Edited by one of Biofuels Digest’s "Top 100 People" in bioenergy for six consecutive years Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition will appeal to all academic researchers, process chemists, and engineers working in the field of biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. It is also an excellent book for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying biomass, biofuels, renewable resources, and energy and power generation.
Proceedings Of The 8th International Conference On Foundations Of Computer Aided Process Design
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-07-14
Proceedings Of The 8th International Conference On Foundations Of Computer Aided Process Design written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume collects together the presentations at the Eighth International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, FOCAPD-2014, an event that brings together researchers, educators, and practitioners to identify new challenges and opportunities for process and product design. The chemical industry is currently entering a new phase of rapid evolution. The availability of low-cost feedstocks from natural gas is causing renewed investment in basic chemicals in the OECD, while societal pressures for sustainability and energy security continue to be key drivers in technology development and product selection. This dynamic environment creates opportunities to launch new products and processes and to demonstrate new methodologies for innovation, synthesis and design. FOCAPD-2014 fosters constructive interaction among thought leaders from academia, industry, and government and provides a showcase for the latest research in product and process design. Focuses exclusively on the fundamentals and applications of computer-aided design for the process industries. Provides a fully archival and indexed record of the FOCAPD14 conference Aligns the FOCAPD series with the ESCAPE and PSE series
Process Design And Economics For Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Process Design And Economics For Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Biomass conversion categories.
This design report describes an up-to-date benchmark thermochemical conversion process that incorporates the latest research from NREL and other sources. Building on a design report published in 2007, NREL and its subcontractor Harris Group Inc. performed a complete review of the process design and economic model for a biomass-to-ethanol process via indirect gasification. The conceptual design presented herein considers the economics of ethanol production, assuming the achievement of internal research targets for 2012 and nth-plant costs and financing.
Recent Advancements In Biofuels And Bioenergy Utilization
DOWNLOAD
Author : Prakash Kumar Sarangi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-29
Recent Advancements In Biofuels And Bioenergy Utilization written by Prakash Kumar Sarangi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-29 with Medical categories.
The concerns relating to global warming, climate change, and increasing energy demands have led to significant research towards the development of alternative energy to substitute the fossil energy sources. Biomass-based energy or biofuels are highly promising due to many perceptible environmental and socio-economic advantages. Cutting-edge academic research and advanced industrial product development have created tremendous scope for the implementation of biofuels at a global scale to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and supplement the escalating energy demands. The prime focus of this book is to provide an overview of the different technologies utilized to harness the chemical energy from plant-based non-edible biomass and other organic wastes in the form of solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. The opportunities and challenges of different biomass conversion technologies, especially biomass-to-liquid, biomass-to-gas and gas-to-liquid routes, as well as biomass pretreatments, densification, anaerobic digestion, reforming, transesterification, supercritical fluid extraction, microalgal carbon sequestration, life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis have been comprehensively discussed in this book. This book is an amalgamation of fifteen different chapters each with distinctive investigations and a collective focus relating to the transition from fossil fuels towards carbon-neutral biofuels. This book serves as a benchmark for academic and industrial researchers involved in exploring the true potentials of plant residues and waste organic matter to produce alternative renewable fuels. To realize the real promises of bioenergy, this book attempts to assess the biorefining approaches, biofuel production and application, and environmental sustainability.
Strategic Planning For The Sustainable Production Of Biofuels
DOWNLOAD
Author : José Maria Ponce-Ortega
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-03-05
Strategic Planning For The Sustainable Production Of Biofuels written by José Maria Ponce-Ortega and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels presents several optimization models for the design and planning of sustainable biorefinery supply chains, including issues surrounding the potential of biomass feedstocks in multiple harvesting sites, availability and seasonality of biomass resources, different potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products, locations of storage facilities, and a number of transportation modes. Sustainability considerations are incorporated into the proposed models by including simultaneous economic, environmental and social performance in the evaluation of the supply chain designs. Covers different optimization models for the strategic planning of biorefining systems Includes the GAMS and MATLAB codes for solving various problems Considers sustainability criteria in the presented models Presents different approaches for obtained trade-off solutions Provides general software that can be used for solving different problems
Process Design And Economics For The Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Hydrocarbons Via Indirect Liquefaction Thermochemical Research Pathway To High Octane Gasoline Blendstock Through Methanol Dimethyl Ether Intermediates
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Process Design And Economics For The Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Hydrocarbons Via Indirect Liquefaction Thermochemical Research Pathway To High Octane Gasoline Blendstock Through Methanol Dimethyl Ether Intermediates written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This report was developed as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Bioenergy Technologies Office's (BETO's) efforts to enable the development of technologies for the production of infrastructure-compatible, cost-competitive liquid hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks. The research funded by BETO is designed to advance the state of technology of biomass feedstock supply and logistics, conversion, and overall system sustainability. It is expected that these research improvements will be made within the 2022 timeframe. As part of their involvement in this research and development effort, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory investigate the economics of conversion pathways through the development of conceptual biorefinery process models and techno-economic analysis models. This report describes in detail one potential conversion process for the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock via indirect liquefaction of biomass. The processing steps of this pathway include the conversion of biomass to synthesis gas or syngas via indirect gasification, gas cleanup, catalytic conversion of syngas to methanol intermediate, methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME), and catalytic conversion of DME to high-octane, gasoline-range hydrocarbon blendstock product. The conversion process configuration leverages technologies previously advanced by research funded by BETO and demonstrated in 2012 with the production of mixed alcohols from biomass. Biomass-derived syngas cleanup via reforming of tars and other hydrocarbons is one of the key technology advancements realized as part of this prior research and 2012 demonstrations. The process described in this report evaluates a new technology area for the downstream utilization of clean biomass-derived syngas for the production of high-octane hydrocarbon products through methanol and DME intermediates. In this process, methanol undergoes dehydration to DME, which is subsequently converted via homologation reactions to high-octane, gasoline-range hydrocarbon products.
Thermochemical Ethanol Via Direct Gasification And Mixed Alcohol Synthesis Of Lignocellulosic Biomass
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Thermochemical Ethanol Via Direct Gasification And Mixed Alcohol Synthesis Of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
This report evaluates process design and technoeconomic criteria for a direct gasification process for conversion of biomass to ethanol. Follow-up to NREL/TP-510-41168.
Biochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol
DOWNLOAD
Author : Deepak Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Biochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass To Ethanol written by Deepak Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Agricultural wastes as fuel categories.
Ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock has been under intense scrutiny as a transportation fuel due to its potential to address concerns of increasing energy consumption, limited fossil energy resources, climate changes due to greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, and especially use of non-food biomaterials, which address the biggest limitation of first generation bioethanol. Despite these advantages, the lignocellulosic ethanol production on commercial scale is still on verge because of high processing costs of ethanol production. In the biochemical conversion process, biomass is converted to ethanol by sequential steps of pretreatment (to reduce the recalcitrance of biomass), hydrolysis (conversion of sugar polymers to monomers) and fermentation (sugars to ethanol). Every year, about a million ton of grass straw is available as agricultural residue in Pacific Northwest. There were no previous comprehensive studies to evaluate the technical feasibility, economic viability and environmental sustainability of the bioethanol produced using grass straw in Willamette valley. The focus of this dissertation was to investigate the potential of cellulosic ethanol production from grass straw, assess the techno-economic viability and environmental impacts of the bioethanol production and development of a stochastic molecular model for modeling cellulose hydrolysis. This dissertation was divided into four studies focused on individual aspects of the overall objective. The first study evaluated the ethanol production potential from straws produced from three major grass seed varieties (perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and bentgrass (Agrostis sp.)) in Pacific Northwest. Feedstocks were pretreated using three chemical pretreatments (dilute acid, dilute alkali, and hot water) and subsequently hydrolyzed enzymatically to investigate the effect of pretreatment and estimate the potential ethanol yields. Carbohydrate content in biomass varied from 40.6 to 52.9%, with tall fescue having the maximum cellulose content of 32.4%. All pretreatment were effective in increasing the hydrolysis yields, and theoretical maximum ethanol yields were in the range of 276 to 360 L per ton of biomass. The second study performed the comprehensive techno-economic analysis of ethanol production from tall fescue using dilute acid, dilute alkali, hot water, and steam explosion pretreatment technologies. Detailed process models incorporating all unit operations in lignocellulosic ethanol plant with 250,000 metric ton biomass/ year processing capacity were developed in SuperPro Designer. The ethanol production cost were estimated from $0.81 to $0.88/ L of ethanol, and were found highly sensitive to biomass price, enzyme cost, and pentose sugar fermentation efficiency. Energy from lignin residue burning was found sufficient to meet the steam requirement in the production process. Third study performed the life cycle assessment for bioethanol production from grass straw considering various pretreatment technology options. The study revealed that ethanol production from grass straw provide environmental benefits compared to use of gasoline, with 57.43-112.67% reduction in fossil energy use to produce 10,000 MJ of fuel. The GHG emissions during life cycle of ethanol production were estimated in the range of -131 to -555.4 kg CO2 eq. per 10,000 MJ of fuel. It was observed that assumptions and allocation procedure used during the analysis had a significant effect on the LCA results. During the techno-economic assessment of bioethanol process, it was found that cost of cellulose enzymes was significant fraction of the total ethanol production cost. A comprehensive enzymatic hydrolysis model can play critical role in optimizing the enzyme composition and dosage, improving understanding of the process mechanism and reducing the cost of enzymes, a major bottleneck in the ethanol production process. A novel approach of stochastic molecular modeling, in which each hydrolysis event is translated into a discrete event, was used to develop a mechanistic model for cellulose hydrolysis in the fourth study. Cellulose structure was modeled as a group of microfibrils consisting of elementary fibrils bundles, where each elementary fibril was represented as a three dimensional matrix of glucose molecules. Major structural properties: crystallinity, degree of polymerization, surface accessibility, and enzyme characteristics: mode of action, binding and surface blockage, inhibition, along with the dynamic morphological changes in structure of cellulose were incorporated in the model. Hydrolysis of cellulose was simulated based on Monte Carlo simulation technique. Hydrolysis results predicted by model simulations had shown a good fit with the experimental data from hydrolysis of pure cellulose using purified enzymes for various hydrolysis conditions. The model was effective in capturing the dynamic behavior of cellulose hydrolysis during action of individual as well as multiple cellulases. Model was able to simulate and validate all the important expected experimental observations: effect of structural properties, enzyme inhibition and enzyme loadings on the hydrolysis and degree of synergism on different substrates. The work from this dissertation proved the significance of choosing technology options, drew a comparison among different pretreatment technologies, identified the critical processes and inputs that have significant effect on the ethanol production cost, net energy, and GHG emissions. Results from the last study confirmed the validity of using the stochastic molecular modeling approach to quantitatively and qualitatively describe the cellulose hydrolysis, which has wide potential application in bioethanol production research to reduce the enzyme cost.
Thermochemical Ethanol Via Direct Gasification And Mixed Alcohol Synthesis Of Lignocellulosic Biomass
DOWNLOAD
Author : Abhijit Dutta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Thermochemical Ethanol Via Direct Gasification And Mixed Alcohol Synthesis Of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Abhijit Dutta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Biomass conversion categories.
This work continues the study of thermochemical conversion processes for biomass to ethanol. An earlier study by Phillips et al. (NREL/TP-510-41168) looked into a process that used an indirect gasifier and showed that the process is capable of producing cost-competitive cellulosic ethanol below the $1.07 per gallon minimum plant gate price targeted in 2012 using 2005 cost assumptions. A high-pressure oxygen-blown direct gasifier is used in this study. The conversion costs for this process are higher than the 2012 cost target. This is primarily because of two reasons, 1) Extra capital cost of an air-separation unit, and 2) Lower conversion of methane to syngas after reformation at the higher pressures in this process. The minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) for the base case process was $1.57/gallon using 2005 cost assumptions, compared with $1.01/ gallon in the indirect gasification process. The MESP was $1.95/gallon using 2007 cost assumptions and 2012 performance targets (compared with $1.29/gallon for the indirect process).