Technological Change In Southwestern Asia Metallurgical Production Styles And Social Values During The Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age
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Technological Change In Southwestern Asia Metallurgical Production Styles And Social Values During The Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Technological Change In Southwestern Asia Metallurgical Production Styles And Social Values During The Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
The beginnings of metallurgical activity have intrigued scholars for decades. In this dissertation, I explore early metallurgical activity on the Iranian Plateau represented by the evidence at Tal-i Iblis in southern Iran, and Seh Gabi and Godin Tepe in central northern Iran. Together, these sites offer a diachronic view of metal production on the Plateau as well as a view of metallurgical activities practiced at different scales of production. The metallurgical materials from Tal-i Iblis are firmly dated to the late 6th to early 5th millennia BCE, and this corpus includes hundreds of crucible fragments excavated from multiple trash dumps. Seh Gabi and Godin Tepe offer a smaller range of production materials from the 4th through 2nd millennia BCE, but they also include a large collection of finished metal objects. These later materials differ in style and process from the Iblis debris. Thorough examination of these artifacts, combined with comparison to a series of carefully controlled casting experiments, has returned numerous significant results. The metallurgy of the Iranian Plateau does not fit the standard model of early metallurgical development. The Iblis crucibles do not reflect an early "experimental" stage in copper production. Rather, these artifacts represent a carefully controlled, production process with a narrow range of variability in both temperature and reducing atmosphere. Further, there is clear evidence for the preference of arsenical-copper alloys at Tal-i Iblis. These ancient craftspeople sought high-quality ores from a source (the Talmessi copper deposit) over 500 km from their production facility. Metallurgical production on the Iranian Plateau is also characterized by the long-term use of crucibles as the primary reaction vessel well into the 2nd millennium BCE. There are some production centers on the Iranian Plateau that see the use of furnaces during the 3rd millennium, but crucible use persists at many sites. At Godin Tepe--a site with significant evidence for contact with the Mesopotamian lowlands--variability in crucible form increases in later periods to include an Egyptian-style crucible during the 2nd millennium BCE. The presence of this crucible suggests that there was contact with foreign metallurgical processes, but the preference for small, portable reaction vessels persisted.
Archaeometallurgy In Global Perspective
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Author : Benjamin W. Roberts
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-01-07
Archaeometallurgy In Global Perspective written by Benjamin W. Roberts and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-07 with Social Science categories.
The study of ancient metals in their social and cultural contexts has been a topic of considerable interest in archaeology and ancient history for decades, partly due to the modern dependence on technology and man-made materials. The formal study of Archaeometallurgy began in the 1970s-1980s, and has seen a recent growth in techniques, data, and theoretical movements. This comprehensive sourcebook on Archaeometallurgy provides an overview of earlier research as well as a review of modern techniques, written in an approachable way. Covering an extensive range of archaeological time-periods and regions, this volume will be a valuable resource for those studying archaeology worldwide. It provides a clear, straightforward look at the available methodologies, including: • Smelting processes • Slag analysis • Technical Ceramics • Archaeology of Mining and Field Survey • Ethnoarchaeology • Chemical Analysis and Provenance Studies • Conservation Studies With chapters focused on most geographic regions of Archaeometallurgical inquiry, researchers will find practical applications for metallurgical techniques in any area of their study. Ben Roberts is a specialist in the early metallurgy and later prehistoric archaeology of Europe. He was the Curator of the European Copper and Bronze Age collections at the British Museum between 2007 and 2012 and is now a Lecturer in Prehistoric Europe in the Departm ent of Archaeology at the Durham University, UK. Chris Thornton is a specialist in the ancient metallurgy of the Middle East, combining anthropological theory with archaeometrical analysis to understand the development and diffusion of metallurgical technologies throughout Eurasia. He is currently a Consulting Scholar of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, where he received his PhD in 2009, and the Lead Program Officer of research grants at the National Geographic Society.
The Elamite World
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Author : Javier Álvarez-Mon
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-01-29
The Elamite World written by Javier Álvarez-Mon and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-29 with Social Science categories.
Amongst the civilizations to participate in the dynamic processes of contact and interchange that gave rise to complex societies in the ancient Near East, Elam has remained one of the most obscure, at times languishing in the background of scholarly inquiry. In recent years, however, an increasing body of academic publications have acknowledged its relevance and suggested that its legacy was more considerable and long-lasting than previously estimated. The Elamite World assembles a group of 40 international scholars to contribute their expertise to the production of a solid, lavishly illustrated, English language treatment of Elamite civilization. It covers topics such as its physical setting, historical development, languages and people, material culture, art, science, religion and society, as well as the legacy of Elam in the Persian empire and its presence in the modern world. This comprehensive and ambitious survey seeks for Elam, hardly a household name, a noteworthy place in our shared cultural heritage. It will be both a valuable introductory text for a general audience and a definitive reference source for students and academics.
Early Metallurgy Of The Persian Gulf
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Author : Lloyd Weeks
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-08-01
Early Metallurgy Of The Persian Gulf written by Lloyd Weeks and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-01 with Social Science categories.
This volume examines the earliest production and exchange of copper and its alloys in the Persian Gulf, a major metal supply route for the Bronze Age societies of Western Asia. Weeks addresses the geological and technological background to copper production in southeastern Arabia and contextualizes evidence for major fluctuations in prehistoric copper production. The core of the volume contists of compositional and isotopic analyses. The relationship between specialized copper production, exchange, and the development of social complexity in early Arabia is examined, and the author addresses the broader archaeological issue of the Bronze Age tin trade, which linked vast areas of Western Asia, from the Indo-Iranian borderlands to the Aegean, in the third millennium BC.
American Journal Of Archaeology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
American Journal Of Archaeology written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Archaeology categories.
Techniques In Archaeological Geology
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Author : Ervan Garrison
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-18
Techniques In Archaeological Geology written by Ervan Garrison and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-18 with Social Science categories.
This 2nd edition is a survey level review of key areas of archaeological geology/geoarchaeology. Principal subject areas include: historical principles; archaeologic and geomorphic surfaces and landforms types; sediments and sediment analytic methods; archaeological stoney materials - petrographic and mineralogic attributes; ceramic materials - mineralogic composition and analytic methods; geochemical methods useful in archaeological geology - studies of materials; commonly used geochronological methods for archaeological geology. Contributions to paleoecology, paleoclimate and ancient cultures as well as multivariate ICP and EDX data are now included.
The Rise Of Metallurgy In Eurasia
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Author : Miljana Radivojević
language : en
Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2021-12-23
The Rise Of Metallurgy In Eurasia written by Miljana Radivojević and has been published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-23 with Social Science categories.
The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia is a landmark study in the evolution of early metallurgy in the Balkans. It demonstrates that far from being a rare and elite practice, the earliest metallurgy in the world was a common and communal craft activity.
On Salt Copper And Gold
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Author : Collectif
language : en
Publisher: MOM Éditions
Release Date : 2021-11-19
On Salt Copper And Gold written by Collectif and has been published by MOM Éditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-19 with Social Science categories.
An international conference focused on the beginnings of mining and metallurgy in the Caucasus was organised in Tbilisi in June 16th-19th 2016 under the auspices of the National Museum of Georgia. This conference, which was funded by the Agence nationale de la recherche (France) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), aimed at discussing the intricate relationships between the emergence of mining and metallurgy, and the shaping of late prehistoric societies in south-western Asia. The Caucasus is renowned in Near Eastern archaeology for its wealth in natural resources, in particular in metal ores: for decades, scholars have surmised a specific causal relationships between the rise of complex, hierarchical societies in the Near‐East and the development of extractive metallurgy. Metallurgy, however, is only the most visible part of the story that accounts for the dramatic changes perceptible in south‐western Asia in the course of the 5th millennium BCE. Early mining, which is not restricted to metal-ore mining, certainly also had an impact in terms of economic networks, social dynamics, settlement patterns and regional integration, not only across the Caucasus, but also in the ancient Near and Middle East. Drawing on these fundamental questions, this book explores the socio-economic, technological and environmental background that favoured the rise of systematic mining and extractive metallurgy in the Caucasus at the end of the Chalcolithic. How far was early mining linked to the spread of specific subsistence strategies such as pastoral herding? Were mined resources mainly intended for local consumption or distributed throughout the Near East, towards Anatolia, Iran or Mesopotamia? Here are some of the issues that are discussed in the present volume, which contains 21 articles written by some of the most eminent specialists in Caucasian archaeology.
Ancient Metallurgy In The Ussr
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Author : Evgenil Nikolaevich Chernykh
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1992-12-03
Ancient Metallurgy In The Ussr written by Evgenil Nikolaevich Chernykh and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-12-03 with History categories.
One of the leading Soviet archaeologists describes the development of ancient mining and metallurgy in the northern half of Eurasia. While the first traces of metallurgical activity date from between the seventh and the sixth millennium BC, significant mining developed only in the fifth millennium BC, in the northern Balkans and Carpathians. Metal producing centres were in these northern 'barbarian peripheral' regions rather than in the Near East and Asia Minor, areas traditionally associated with early classical civilization. Professor Chernykh describes successive periods of metallurgical activity in different regions: the Carpatho-Balkan Metallurgical Province of the Copper Age: the Circumpontic of the Early and Middle Bronze Age: and the Eurasian, European Caucasian, Central Asian and Irano-Afghan of the Late Bronze Age. He provides detailed information about the different groups of copper and bronze artefacts, their chemical composition, and their dispersion in time and space. He analyses the international metallurgical trade and division of labour and, finally, the collapse of the sociocultural systems in these metallurgical centres in the first millennium BC.
The Archaeometallurgy Of The Asian Old World
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Author : Vincent C. Pigott
language : en
Publisher: UPenn Museum of Archaeology
Release Date : 1999
The Archaeometallurgy Of The Asian Old World written by Vincent C. Pigott and has been published by UPenn Museum of Archaeology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Crafts & Hobbies categories.
Written by eminent scholars in the field, this edited volume is the first to treat in a comprehensive manner the archaeology of metallurgy's origins, focusing specifically on initial uses of copper and bronze, as well as the coming of iron across Asia from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Far East. It is a volume that should serve for some time to come as the source of the fundamental information upon which larger interpretations of metallurgical developments in Asia will be grounded. MASCA research papers, Vol. 16 University Museum Monograph, 89