Tectonic And Climatic Evolution Of The Central Northern Tibetan Plateau
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Tectonic And Climatic Evolution Of The Central Northern Tibetan Plateau
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Author : Lin Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Tectonic And Climatic Evolution Of The Central Northern Tibetan Plateau written by Lin Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
"The uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau serves as key evidence for understanding the dynamic models that build the Plateau and its influence on Cenozoic climate change of East Asia. This dissertation contributes to our knowledge for the growth history of the central and northern Tibetan Plateau through sedimentary analysis of basin sequences, and stable isotope analysis of carbonate rocks and modern surface waters. Field work in the Hoh Xil basin of central Tibet, including facies analysis, paleocurrent reconstruction, detrital zircon provenance analysis, and stable isotope analysis, suggests that a unified Hoh Xil basin, including both the east and west sub-basins, experienced a transition from pre-India-Asia collision foreland basin to post-collision hinterland basin setting at around 50 Ma. The Qiangtang terrane, serving as the main source for sediments deposited in the Hoh Xil basin, experienced significant topographic growth during the Cretaceous time. Far field deformation in the Hoh Xil basin was initiated shortly after India-Asia collision; contractional deformation and concomitant filling of the Hoh Xil hinterland basin provides clues for outward and upward growth of the Tibetan Plateau during Cenozoic time. Work in the western Qaidam basin provides new lithostratigraphy and carbonate stable isotope data that records early-middle Miocene topographic growth of the northern Tibetan Plateau. A hydrological change from restricted sub-basin to open marginal basin around 20 Ma was probably caused by late Oligocene-early Miocene tectonic activity around the Qaidam basinches A major topographic growth in the northern Tibetan Plateau is inferred around 15 Ma based on a negative shift in oxygen isotopic values, sedimentary facies changes from marginal lacustrine to fluvial, and an increase in sedimentation rate. A 13-12 Ma aridification event that was observed over a large area of the northern Plateau was likely caused by continued topographic growth to a critical point to block moisture from entering the northern Tibetan Plateau. To understand the caveats of stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry in the central and northern Tibetan Plateau, a comprehensive data set of 1,315 river water samples (450 newly collected) was compiled. With this large data set, a consistently assumed, but not well-documented prerequisite is demonstrated that river waters are a good substitute for isotopic studies of precipitation on the high Tibetan Plateau on the mean annual scale. The spatial variations of [delta]18O/[delta]D and d-excess values in the plateau margins can be modeled as a Rayleigh distillation process, on which stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry is based. On the contrary, the isotopic values of meteoric waters in the interior of the plateau are controlled by the combined effects of mixing of different moisture sources, contribution of recycled moisture from local surface water evaporation, and sub-cloud evaporation. A Rayleigh distillation model modified by sub-cloud evaporation is provided to simulate the isotopic variations in the western Plateau. This new understanding indicates that stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry is most reliable in the southern margins of the Plateau, and increasingly unreliable toward the northern Plateau. In addition, the contour maps of modern isotopic variations of meteoric waters across the whole Tibetan Plateau also provide validation criteria for isotopic simulations using general circulation models"--Pages v-vi.
Tectonic Evolution Of The Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
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Author : Andrew Vincent Zuza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Tectonic Evolution Of The Northeastern Tibetan Plateau written by Andrew Vincent Zuza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
How the Tibetan Plateau was constructed and evolved in response to ongoing India-Asia convergence since 65-55 Ma is fundamental in understanding processes of continental tectonics. Furthermore, the kinematics and mechanisms of plateau formation and continental deformation have implications for the complex interactions between tectonics, erosion, and climate change in Earth's most recent history. To provide insights into these processes, my research is focused on the development of the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is defined by the 350-km-wide and 1300-km-long Cenozoic Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt. This active fold and thrust system overprinted a region that has a complex pre-Cenozoic tectonic history involving multiple phases of Proterozoic basement deformation and early Paleozoic orogeny. In this work, I integrate geologic mapping, balanced cross section construction and restoration, seismic reflection interpretation, geochronology, thermobarometry, geodetic data analysis, and analogue modeling to investigate the tectonic development of northern Tibet over a range of timescales, from the Proterozoic evolution of central Asian cratons to the active deformation that is shaping the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The magnitude, style, and distribution of Cenozoic shortening strain across northern Tibet can be used to test competing models of continental deformation. The shortening distribution across the Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt, derived from surface mapping and subsurface seismic reflection profiles, suggests that the modern thickness and elevation of the northern plateau has developed as a result of southward continental underthrusting of Asia beneath Tibet and distributed crustal thickening. The thrust systems in northern Tibet link to the east with > ~1000-km-long parallel left-slip strike-slip faults (i.e., the Haiyuan, Qinling, and Kunlun faults). The along-strike variation of fault offsets and pervasive off-fault deformation along these strike-slip faults create a strain pattern that departs from the expectations of the classic plate-like rigid-body motion and flow-like distributed deformation models of continental deformation. Instead, I propose that the major strike-slip faults formed as a non-rigid bookshelf-fault system where clockwise rotation of northern Tibet drives left-slip bookshelf faulting and related off-strike-slip fault deformation. In addition, I employ a stress-shadow model that uses the characteristic spacing of strike-slip faults and seismogenic-zone thickness estimates across northern Tibet and central Asia to estimate fault strength and the regional stress state. The strike-slip faults in Asia have a low coefficient of fault friction (~0.15), which may explain why deformation penetrates more than 3500 km into Asia from the Himalayan collisional front, and why the interior of Asia is prone to large (M > 7.0) devastating earthquakes along major strike-slip faults. A well-constrained understanding of Cenozoic deformation across northern Tibet allows for better reconstructions of the Proterozoic and Paleozoic tectonics. Field relationships and geochronologic studies reveal that the early Paleozoic Qilian suture, which bounds the southern margin of the North China craton, records the Ordovician-early Silurian closure of the Qilian Ocean via south-dipping subduction beneath the Qaidam continent. The evolution of this ocean and North China's southern margin has implications for reconstructions of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Earth, including the development of the Tethyan and Paleo-Asian Oceanic Domains. By restoring the Phanerozoic deformation along the northern and southern margins of the Tarim and North China cratons, I propose and test a hypothesis that these cratons once stretched westward across present-day Asia, possibly as far west as Baltica, as a continuous Neoproterozoic continent.
Insights Into Cenozoic Tectonics And Climate Change In Northern Tibetan Plateau From Basin Analysis Thermochronology And Isotopic Study
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Author : Guangsheng Zhuang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Insights Into Cenozoic Tectonics And Climate Change In Northern Tibetan Plateau From Basin Analysis Thermochronology And Isotopic Study written by Guangsheng Zhuang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The Tectonic And Climatic Evolution Of High Plateaux
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Author : John Bershaw
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Tectonic And Climatic Evolution Of High Plateaux written by John Bershaw and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
"High topography significantly affects climate and atmospheric circulation, often separating areas of intense precipitation from relatively arid rainshadows inland. Temporal variations in climate on high plateaux have been inferred from both rocks and ice and may be related to changes in global climate, local atmospheric circulation, and/or changes in surface elevation. Constraints on how and when surface topography was generated not only provide insight into the relationship between high plateaux and climate, but help us distinguish between different geodynamic mechanisms responsible for their formation. The following research employs multiple techniques across the Andean Plateau, the Pamir, and Tibetan Plateau, to better understand both the tectonic evolution of high plateaux and how they affect climate and atmospheric circulation, particularly in continental settings. The Andean Plateau in South America is the second highest and most extensive topographic feature on Earth. Paleoelevation constraints from fossil leaf physiognomy and stable isotopes of sedimentary carbonate suggest that significant surface uplift of the northern Andean plateau, on the order of 2.5 ± 1 km, occurred between ~10.3 and 6.4 million years ago (Ma). South American teeth from modern and extinct mammal taxa spanning from the Oligocene (~29 Ma) to present were collected as they preserve a record of surface water isotopes and the type of plants that animals ingested. Previous studies have shown that the isotopic composition of oxygen [... characters removed] in modern precipitation and surface waters decreases systematically with increasing elevations across the central Andes. Results from high elevation sites show substantially more positive [... characters removed] values for late Oligocene tooth samples compared to
Monsoon Evolution And Tectonics
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Author : Peter D. Clift
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2010
Monsoon Evolution And Tectonics written by Peter D. Clift and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Climatic changes categories.
The Earth's climate varies through geological time as a result of external, orbital processes, as well as the positions of continents, growth of mountains and the opening and closure of oceanic gateways. Climate modelling suggests that the intensity of the Asian monsoon should correlate, at least in part, with the uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya, as well as the evolution of gateways and the retreat of shallow seas in Central Asia. Long-term reconstructions of both mountain building and monsoon activity are key to testing the proposed links. This collection of papers presents a series of new studies documenting the variations of the Asian monsoon on orbital and tectonic timescales, together with the impact this has had on environmental conditions. The issue of which proxies are best suited to measuring monsoons is addressed, as is the effect that the monsoon has had on erosion and the formation of the stratigraphic record both on and offshore.
Growth And Collapse Of The Tibetan Plateau
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Author : Richard Gloaguen
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2011
Growth And Collapse Of The Tibetan Plateau written by Richard Gloaguen and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Boundary layer (Meteorology) categories.
Despite agreement on first-order features and mechanisms, critical aspects of the origin and evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the exact timing and nature of collision, the initiation of plateau uplift, and the evolution of its height and width, are disputed, untested or unknown. This book gathers papers dealing with the growth and collapse of the Tibetan Plateau. The timing, the underlying mechanisms, their interactions and the induced surface shaping, contributing to the Tibetan Plateau evolution are tightly linked via coupled and feedback processes. We present interdisciplinary contributions allowing insight into the complex interactions between lithospheric dynamics, topography building, erosion, hydrological processes and atmospheric coupling. The book is structured in four parts: early processes in the plateau formation; recent growth of the Tibetan Plateau; mechanisms of plateau growth; and plateau uplift, surface processes and the monsoon.
Late Quaternary Hydrological Paleoenvironmental And Geomorphological Processes In The Tibetan Plateau And Its Adjacent Areas
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Author : Xiangjun Liu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-02-23
Late Quaternary Hydrological Paleoenvironmental And Geomorphological Processes In The Tibetan Plateau And Its Adjacent Areas written by Xiangjun Liu and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-23 with Science categories.
Tectonics Climate And Landscape Evolution
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Author : Sean D. Willett
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Tectonics Climate And Landscape Evolution written by Sean D. Willett and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Science categories.
"The Liwu River runs a short course; its channel head at the water divide in Taiwan's Central Range is a mere 35 km from its outflow into the Pacific Ocean. But in those short 35 km, the Liwu has carved one of the world's geographic wonders: the spectacular Taroko Gorge with marble and granite walls soaring nearly 1000 m above the river channel. Taroko Gorge was a fitting venue for a 2003 Penrose Conference that addressed the coupled processes of tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution. The young mountains, extreme weather, and dramatic landforms provided an appropriate backdrop to wide-ranging discussions of geomorphic processes, climate and meteorology, sediment generation and transport, the effects of erosion on tectonics, and new analytical and modeling tools used to address these processes and problems. This volume's papers extend that discussion, reaching across fields that have experienced rapid advances in the past decade."--Publisher's website.
Uplift Mechanisms And The History Of The Tibetan Plateau
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Author : Junsheng Nie
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2014
Uplift Mechanisms And The History Of The Tibetan Plateau written by Junsheng Nie and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Science categories.
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The Evolution Of The Northeastern Margin Of The Tibetan Plateau
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Author : Brian G. Hough
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Evolution Of The Northeastern Margin Of The Tibetan Plateau written by Brian G. Hough and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
"Tracking climate change through the use of paleoclimate proxies has the potential to reveal the spatial and temporal evolution of orogens and their associated plateaux. The development of topography associated with the Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan plateau is coupled to climate, and feedbacks between climate and tectonics occur at all scales. Because climate changes resulting from topographic growth should scale with the amount, extent, and timing of surface uplift, this dissertation documents temporal and spatial changes in paleoclimate of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau since ~30 Ma, in order to delineate when the modern climate pattern was achieved and, by inference, when the Tibetan plateau reached its current dimensions. Sedimentation in basins adjacent to the plateau margin likely began in a foreland basin setting that was later segmented by the growth of basin-bounding structures presumably during upward and outward growth of the plateau. This study focuses on a number of sub-basins in northeast Tibet, including Guide, Jian Zha, Xunhua, Tong Ren, Hualong, and Linxia, that span up to 30 myr in age and range up to 3 km thick. New lithologic, magnetostratigraphic, and stable isotope records from these basins suggest that topography began to develop in the Eocene and continued through the late Miocene before jumping ~100 km outward at ~8 Ma to the Liupan Shan and Haiyuan faults. Perturbations to local climate patterns resulted from the evolution of local topography and basin segmentation. These patterns are tracked through comparison of stable isotope compositions of calcareous basin fill materials. Similarity of isotopic compositions is interpreted to reflect the presence of integrated basins whereas distinct isotopic compositions reflect unique basin hydrologies. Within the study area, changes in isotope trends are observed throughout each record indicating the influence of local climate conditions on isotopic values. Synchronous isotope changes in multiple records are observed at 18.5, 16.3, and 9.4 Ma possibly corresponding with changes in regional scale climate. A time-transgressive trend of Miocene aridification in the lee of growing topography along the plateau's northeast margin is roughly coeval with and spatially consistent with the blocking of vapor transport by west-to-east growth of eastern Tibet. Modern rainfall data collected from 2007-2009 across the Tibetan plateau's northeastern margin show seasonal trends related to changes in air temperature and elevation, but not precipitation amount or relative humidity. To assess the spatial variability and thus the degree to which any one monitoring station is representative of a large geographic region, climate variables and rainwater isotope data from seven collection stations located across the study area were compared to each other and to the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) station data from Lanzhou. Annual mean and long-term mean isotope compositions of rainfall match each other and those from the GNIP station in Lanzhou suggesting that the long-term values for any one station are representative over relatively large regions. Trends in [delta]8O and d-excess indicate that source regions for summertime precipitation in northeast Tibet are consistent with increased soil moistening and local recycling of water vapor. When carbonates derived from modern rainfall are compared to time integrated paleo-carbonate samples, no significant change in regional climate are evident since at least 3-4 Ma. The results of this thesis demonstrate that changes in local climate are related to the onset of local deformation and that deformation and associated basin segmentation in NE Tibet initiated prior to uplift of eastern Tibet. However, the timing of regional-scale climate change, highlighted by a west-to-east pattern of aridification in northern and northeastern Tibet, is consistent with the systematic displacement of vapor pathways around a progressively eastward uplifting eastern Tibetan plateau. Once established, the upwind climate regime, and by inference the topographic framework of northeast Tibet, has remained stable since ~8 Ma."--Leaves v-vii.