Temperature Trends In Coal Char Combustion Under Oxy Fuel Conditions For The Determination Of Kinetics
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Temperature Trends In Coal Char Combustion Under Oxy Fuel Conditions For The Determination Of Kinetics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Temperature Trends In Coal Char Combustion Under Oxy Fuel Conditions For The Determination Of Kinetics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Oxy Fuel Combustion
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Author : Chuguang Zheng
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-09-14
Oxy Fuel Combustion written by Chuguang Zheng and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-14 with Science categories.
Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of oxy-fuel combustion technology, including its concept, fundamental theory, pilot practice, large-scale feasibility studies and related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant. Oxy-fuel combustion, as the most practical large-scale carbon capture power generation technology, has attracted significant attention in the past two decades. As significant progress has been achieved in worldwide demonstration and the oxy-combustion concept confirmed by Schwartze Pump, CUIDEN, Callide, Ponferrada and Yingcheng projects in the past five years, this book provides a timely addition for discussion and study. Covers oxy-fuel combustion technology Includes concepts, fundamentals, pilots and large-scale feasibility studies Considers related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant Focuses on theories and methods closely related to engineering practice
Specimen Medicae Inaugurales Sistens Sect I Et Nonnullos Ex Sequentibus Sectionibus Hippocratis Aphorismos Varias Ex Universa Medicina Theses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1767
Specimen Medicae Inaugurales Sistens Sect I Et Nonnullos Ex Sequentibus Sectionibus Hippocratis Aphorismos Varias Ex Universa Medicina Theses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1767 with categories.
Coal Combustion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Coal Combustion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
During the past quarter, we carried out a study of the kinetics of char combustion, assessed the reproducibility error of our experiments, and continued our systematic study of the effects of particle size and oxygen concentration on the reactivity of chars. The results from the kinetic study indicated that the rate expression for combustion of Illinois No. 6 chars is first order with respect to the oxygen concentration. The activation energy and the preexponential factor for this reaction were also calculated. The reproducibility error assessment shows that the average relative error increases with increasing particle size. Thus, the number of combustion runs needed for accurate measurements of the reaction rate increases with increasing particle size. For combustion in the regime of diffusional limitations, our results show the ignition temperature decreases with increasing pyrolysis heating rates, increasing coal particle size, decreasing heat treatment temperatures and increasing oxygen concentrations. The kinetic parameters (activation energy, preexponential rate factor, and order of reaction) for the combustion of Illinois No. 6 coal were determined using our thermogravimetric reactor with video microscopy imaging (TGA/VMI). In order to obtain a constant slope from the Arrhenius plot, the experiments were performed in the kinetic control regime. Our previous results demonstrated that in this regime char reactivity is independent of pyrolysis heating rate, heat treatment temperature (HTT), soak time and particle size. For this study therefore, we chose to pyrolyze and combust particles from the 28--32 mesh (500--600 [mu]m) fraction of Illinois No. 6 coal.
Biomass Chars Elaboration Characterization And Applications
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Author : Lionel Limousy
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-10-16
Biomass Chars Elaboration Characterization And Applications written by Lionel Limousy and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Science categories.
Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.
Pollutants From Combustion
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Author : Christian Vovelle
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Pollutants From Combustion written by Christian Vovelle and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
This volume is based on the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute: (ASI) «Pollutants Formation from Combustion. Formation Mechanisms and Impact on th th Atmospheric Chemistry» held in Maratea, Italy, from 13 to 26 september 1998. Preservation of the environment is of increasing concern in individual countries but also at continental or world scales. The structure of a NATO ASI which involve lecturers and participants of different nationalities was thought as especially well suited to address environmental issues. As combustion is known to substantially contribute to the damaging of the atmosphere, it was natural to concentrate the ASI program on reviewing the currently available knowledge of the formation mechanisms of the main pollutants liberated by combustion systems. In most situations, pollutants are present as trace components and their formation and removal is strongly conditioned by the chemical reactions initiated by fuel consumption. Therefore specific lectures were aimed at defining precisely the general properties of combustion chemistry for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. Physical factors can strongly affect the combustion chemistry and their influence was also considered. An interesting peculiarity of this specific ASI was to complement the program with a substantial part concerned with the impact of the main combustion pollutants: NOx, aromatics, soot, VOCs, sulphur and chlorinated compounds, on atmospheric chemistry.
Coal Combustion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Coal Combustion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
During the past quarter, we carried out a study of the kinetics of char combustion, assessed the reproducibility error of our experiments, and continued our systematic study of the effects of particle size and oxygen concentration on the reactivity of chars. The results from the kinetic study indicated that the rate expression for combustion of Illinois No. 6 chars is first order with respect to the oxygen concentration. The activation energy and the preexponential factor for this reaction were also calculated. The reproducibility error assessment shows that the average relative error increases with increasing particle size. Thus, the number of combustion runs needed for accurate measurements of the reaction rate increases with increasing particle size. For combustion in the regime of diffusional limitations, our results show the ignition temperature decreases with increasing pyrolysis heating rates, increasing coal particle size, decreasing heat treatment temperatures and increasing oxygen concentrations. The kinetic parameters (activation energy, preexponential rate factor, and order of reaction) for the combustion of Illinois No. 6 coal were determined using our thermogravimetric reactor with video microscopy imaging (TGA/VMI). In order to obtain a constant slope from the Arrhenius plot, the experiments were performed in the kinetic control regime. Our previous results demonstrated that in this regime char reactivity is independent of pyrolysis heating rate, heat treatment temperature (HTT), soak time and particle size. For this study therefore, we chose to pyrolyze and combust particles from the 28--32 mesh (500--600 [mu]m) fraction of Illinois No. 6 coal.
New Trends In Coal Conversion
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Author : Isabel Suarez-Ruiz
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2018-08-30
New Trends In Coal Conversion written by Isabel Suarez-Ruiz and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
New Trends in Coal Conversion: Combustion, Gasification, Emissions, and Coking covers the latest advancements in coal utilization, including coal conversion processes and mitigation of environmental impacts, providing an up-to-date source of information for a cleaner and more environmentally friendly use of coal, with a particular emphasis on the two biggest users of coal—utilities and the steel industry. Coverage includes recent advances in combustion co-firing, gasification, and on the minimization of trace element and CO2 emissions that is ideal for plant engineers, researchers, and quality control engineers in electric utilities and steelmaking. Other sections cover new advances in clean coal technologies for the steel industry, technological advances in conventional by-products, the heat-recovery/non-recovering cokemaking process, and the increasing use of low-quality coals in coking blends. Readers will learn how to make more effective use of coal resources, deliver higher productivity, save energy and reduce the environmental impact of their coal utilization. Provides the current state-of-the-art and ongoing activities within coal conversion processes, with an emphasis on emerging technologies for the reduction of CO2 and trace elements Discusses innovations in cokemaking for improved efficiency, energy savings and reduced environmental impact Include case studies and examples throughout the book
Char Crystalline Transformations During Coal Combustion And Their Implications For Carbon Burnout
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Char Crystalline Transformations During Coal Combustion And Their Implications For Carbon Burnout written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Recent work at Sandia National Laboratories, Imperial College, and the U.K. utility PowerGen, has identified an important mechanism believed to have a large influence on unburned carbon levels from pulverized coal-fired boilers. That mechanism is char carbon crystalline rearrangements on subsecond times scales at temperatures of 1800 - 2500 K, which lead to char deactivation in the flame zones of furnaces. The so-called thermal annealing of carbons is a well known phenomenon, but its key role in carbon burnout has only recently been appreciated, and there is a lack of quantitative data in this time/temperature range. In addition, a new fundamental tool has recently become available to study crystalline transformations, namely high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) fringe imaging, which provides a wealth of information on the nature and degree of crystallinity in carbon materials such as coal chars. Motivated by these new developments, this University Coal Research project has been initiated with the following two goals: - to determine transient, high-temperature, thermal deactivation kinetics as a function of parent coal and temperature history. - to characterize the effect of this thermal treatment on carbon crystalline structure through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and specialized, quantitative image analysis. Work is currently underway on the following three tasks: Task 1 Experimental technique development. The goal of this task is to develop and demonstrate an apparatus and procedure for measuring transient, high-temperature, thermal deactivation of coal chars. While peak gas temperatures in boilers are often in the range 1800 - 2000 K, peak particle temperatures can be much higher due to high rates of heat release at the particle surface due to exothermic carbon oxidation. The prototype transient heat treatment apparatus is based on an inert-gas purged graphite-rod sample holder that is subjected to rapid Joule heating to temperatures approaching 3000 o C. For the measurement of temperature histories an optical diagnostic is being developed that offers sufficient spatial resolution to distinguish the sample temperature from the substrate temperature. The optical diagnostic is based on a CID camera, a high-power lens, and movable mirrors to projecting multiple, filtered images onto a single chip. Oxidation kinetics are measured on the heat treated samples by a nonisothermal TGA technique. Task 2 Thermal deactivation kinetics. The goal of this task is to quantify thermal char deactivation as a function of temperature history and parent coal, with an emphasis on inert environments at temperatures and times found in combustion systems. The results are to be cast in the form of deactivation kinetics useful for incorporation in combustion models. Task 3 Crystal structure characterization. Crystal structure characterization provides important insight into the mechanisms of thermal char deactivation, and the degree of crystalline transformations has shown a strong correlation with reactivity changes in recent combustion studies[Davis et al., 1992, Beeley et al., 1996]. This task seeks to improve our understanding of char carbon crystalline transformations under combustion conditions by analyzing a large set of HRTEM fringe images for a series of flame-generated chars whose reactivities have been previously reported[Hurt et al., 1995, Beeley et al., 1996]. As a first step, a new technique is being developed for the quantitative analysis of fringe images, extending previous work to allow measurement of a complete set of crystal structure parameters including mean layer size, mean stacking height, interlayer spacing, layer curvature, amorphous fraction, and degree of anisotropy. The resulting database will revealing, at a very fundamental level, the basic differences in char crystal structure due to parent coal rank and to temperature history in the range of interest to combustion systems.
Fossil Energy Update
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Fossil Energy Update written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Fossil fuels categories.