The Arterial System In Hypertension
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The Arterial System In Hypertension
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Author : Michel Emile Safar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Arterial System In Hypertension written by Michel Emile Safar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
MICHEL E. SAFAR and MICHAEL F. O'ROURKE One of the principal problems of hypertension is the precise definition of blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor. Clinicians indicate peak systolic pressure and end diastolic pressure in the brachial artery as the principal criteria for blood pressure measurement. Consequently, these values are as indicators for clinical management and therapeutic adjustment. This used methodology, based on indirect blood pressure measurements at the site of the brachial artery relates only to the highest and lowest pressure in that vessel, and does not give any information of the blood pressure curve itself; this carries more information than peak systolic pressure and end diastolic pressure. As a first step in better analysis of the blood pressure curve, research workers in experimental hypertension defined in addition to peak systolic pressure and end diastolic, another blood pressure value, mean arterial pressure, i. e. the average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle, and about which pressure fluctuates. This is the pressure recorded by Hales [1] and by Poiseuille [2] in their pioneering studies. By application of Poiseuille's Law, this definition of mean arterial pressure led to the concept that increased mean arterial pressure (and therefore hypertension) was related, at any given value of cardiac output, to an increase in vascular resistance, i. e. to a reduc tion in the caliber of the small arteries.
The Arterial Circulation
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Author : John K-J Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2000-05-05
The Arterial Circulation written by John K-J Li and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05-05 with Medical categories.
After yet another decade of leaming, experimenting, and inves tigating since my first book, Arterial System Dynamics, the many new medical breakthroughs and technological advances have inspired me to write this book to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications. The application of physical principles and quantitative approaches to the understanding of the arterial circulation and its interactions with the heart in normal and diseased conditions form the basis of The Arterial Circulation. Knowledge of the physiology and rheology of arteries, as well as all of their structural-functional corre lates, is a necessary prerequisite to the proper hemodynamic interpretatiqn of pressure-flow relations and the pulsatile transmis sion characteristics in different arteries. The natural coupling and interactions of the heart, the coronary circulation, and the arterial system necessitate analysis of alterations to global functioning. Modeling provides a tool for isolating and predicting parameter changes and is employed throughout the book. Experimental data are provided for model validations, and also for more realistic interpretations. Techniques and new methods for clinical hemo dynamic measurement and diagnosis are included to help the reader un derstand the physical principles underlying such abnormal cardiovascular functions as hypertension, stenosis, and myocardial ischemia. The progressive changes in vascular properties during aging are also discussed. Modem approaches utilizing computer mode ling and allomery are presented with selected examples, such as combined hypertension and aortic valve stenosis, and ventricular hypertrophy.
The Arterial System
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Author : R.D. Bauer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Arterial System written by R.D. Bauer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
This book summarizes the papers presented at the symposium "Dynamics and Regulation of the Arterial System" held at Erlangen on 28-30 October 1977 in honor of Professor Erik Wetterer. The aim of the symposium was an inten sive exchange of ideas within a mUltidisciplinary group of scientists who are specialists in their fields of research. It is obvious that a two-day symposium covering such a wide range of topics could only highlight certain aspects of the latest research on the cardiovascular system. The book is divided into three sections. The first part deals with arterial hemo dynamics. Emphasized are the mechanical properties of the arterial wall, in particular the smooth muscle, fundamental parameters for the description of pulse wave propagation, such as attenuation, phase velocity, and reflection of pulse waves. Furthermore, new methods for recording arterial diameters and the latest results in determining pulsatile pressure and pulsatile diameter of arteries in vivo as well as from calculations based on models of the arterial system are presented. The second part deals with applications of the control theory and the principles of optimality of the cardiovascular system in toto and of single regions of this system. Contributions to research in the field of regulation of blood volume and of regional hemodynamics are also presented. The third part covers problems of interaction of the heart and the arterial system, including fluid mechanics of the aortic valves and the coronary blood flow under normal and pathologic conditions.
Arterial And Venous Systems In Essential Hypertension
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Author : Michel Emile Safar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Arterial And Venous Systems In Essential Hypertension written by Michel Emile Safar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
The hemodynamic mechanisms of hypertension are often limited to the study of three dominant parameters: blood pressure, cardiac output and vascular resis tance. Accordingly, the development of hypertension is usually analyzed in terms of a 'struggle' between cardiac output and vascular resistance, resulting in the classical pattern of normal cardiac output and increased vascular resistance, thus indicating a reduction in the caliber of small arteries. However, during the past years, the clinical management of hypertension has largely modified these simple views. While an adequate control of blood pressure may be obtained with antihypertensive drugs, arterial complications may occur, involving mainly the coronary circulation and suggesting that several parts of the cardiovascular system are altered in hypertension. Indeed, disturbances in the arterial and the venous system had already been noticed in animal hypertension. The basic assumption in this book is that the overall cardiovascular system is involved in the mechanisms of the elevated blood pressure in patients with hypertension: not only the heart and small arteries, but also the large arteries and the venous system. For that reason, the following points are emphasized. First, the cardiovascular system in hypertension must be studied not only in terms of steady flow but also by taking into account the pulsatile components of the heart and the arterial systems. Second, arterial and venous compliances are altered in hypertension and probably reflect intrinsic alterations of the vascular wall.
Arterial System
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Author : Bernard Levy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Arterial System written by Bernard Levy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Arteries categories.
Blood Pressure
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Author : Lewellys Franklin Barker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1924
Blood Pressure written by Lewellys Franklin Barker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1924 with Blood pressure categories.
Arteries In Clinical Hypertension
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Author : Michel Safar
language : en
Publisher: J.B. Lippinott
Release Date : 1996
Arteries In Clinical Hypertension written by Michel Safar and has been published by J.B. Lippinott this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Medical categories.
This text stresses the importance of obtaining a blood pressure reduction while also improving the structural and functional abnormalities of the large arterial vessels. The book concludes with a critical review of the therapeutic trials of hypertension.
Dynamics Of The Vascular System
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Author : John K-j Li
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004-02-20
Dynamics Of The Vascular System written by John K-j Li and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-20 with Medical categories.
Recent advances in vascular biology and vascular engineering have led to the understanding and integration of the two fields. A feature that is fundamental to both is the dynamic aspects of the vascular system. Although the basic principles governing blood flow and the circulatory function are known, new approaches to examining the interaction of different parts of the vascular system have emerged. These include measurement techniques and quantitative methods with greater use of modern technology and computer modeling. An obvious need therefore exists for a book that deals specifically with the dynamics of the vascular system.This book begins with the historical discoveries of the features of the vascular system and its importance in the overall circulatory function. Modern aspects of vascular biology in terms of structure and function are then described, followed by the introduction of physical principles and basic fluid mechanics for quantitative analysis. The hemodynamics of large arteries, the optimal structure of vascular branching and the pulsatile energy transmission and modeling aspects are elaborated. These are extended to analyze the function of the venous system and the microcirculation. Finally, the integrated vascular system and its response and adaptation to diseased conditions, such as aging, stenosis, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, atheroslerosis and stroke are explained. The overall emphasis is on the dynamic nature of the vascular system.
Pulse Waves
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Author : Paolo Salvi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-04-27
Pulse Waves written by Paolo Salvi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-27 with Medical categories.
Recently, several studies have shown the crucial role of viscoelastic properties of the aorta and large arteries in determining blood pressure values. A good knowledge of cardiovascular pathophysiology and vascular hemodynamics is necessary to understand these phenomena. However, available texts on this topic are very complex and difficult for medical practitioners to understand. The aim of this book is to enable the reader to comprehend the relation between cardiovascular pathophysiology and vascular hemodynamics and to become familiar with the more recent guidelines. While very complex physical concepts are involved, care has been taken to ensure that the explanations are as straightforward as possible. Complex analyses are presented separately and can be skipped by the reader without impairment of understanding. It is envisaged that the knowledge imparted will prove invaluable in improving the approach to hypertensive patients.
Arteriosclerosis And Hypertension With Chapters On Blood Pressure
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Author : Louis Marshall Warfield
language : en
Publisher: Library of Alexandria
Release Date : 2011
Arteriosclerosis And Hypertension With Chapters On Blood Pressure written by Louis Marshall Warfield and has been published by Library of Alexandria this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
The aorta and its branches are highly elastic tubes, having a smooth, glistening inner surface. When the arteries are cut open, they present a yellowish appearance, due to the large quantity of elastic tissue contained in the walls. The elasticity is practically perfect, being both longitudinal and transverse. The essential portion of any blood vessel is the endothelial tube, composed of flat cells cemented together by intercellular substance and having no stomata between the cells. This tube is reinforced in different ways by connective tissue, smooth muscle fibers, and fibroelastic tissue. Although the gradations from the larger to the smaller arteries and from these to the capillaries and veins are almost insensible, yet particular arteries present structural characters sufficiently marked to admit of histological differentiation. The whole vascular system, including the heart, has an endothelial lining, which may constitute a distinct inner coat, the tunica intima, or may be without coverings, as in the case of the capillaries. The intima (Fig. 1) consists typically of endothelium, reinforced by a variable amount of fibroelastic tissue, in which the elastic fibers predominate. The tunica media is composed of intermingled bundles of elastic tissue, smooth muscle fibers, and some fibrous tissue. The adventitia or outer coat is exceedingly tough. It is usually thinner than the media, and is composed of fibroelastic tissue. This division into three coats is, however, somewhat arbitrary, as in the larger arteries particularly it is difficult to discover any distinct separation into layers.