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Practical Ethics

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Author : Henry Sidgwick
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1998

Practical Ethics written by Henry Sidgwick and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Applied ethics categories.

A classic work in the field of practical and professional ethics, this collection of nine essays by English philosopher and educator Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900) was first published in 1898 and forms a vital complement to Sidgwick's major treatise on moral theory, The Methods of Ethics. Reissued here as Volume One in a new series sponsored by the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics, the book is composed chiefly of addresses to members of two ethical societies that Sidgwick helped to found in Cambridge and London in the 1880s. Clear, taut, and lively, these essays demonstrate the compassion and calm reasonableness that Sidgwick brought to all his writings. As Sidgwick explains in his opening essay, the societies he addressed aimed to allow academics, professionals, and others to pursue joint efforts at reaching "some results of value for practical guidance and life." Sidgwick hoped that members might discuss such questions as when, if ever, public officials might be justified in lying or in breaking promises, whether scientists could legitimately inflict suffering on animals for research purposes, when nations might have just cause in going to war, and a score of other issues of ethics in public and private life still debated a century later. This valuable reissue returns Practical Ethics to its rightful place in Sidgwick's oeuvre. Noted ethicist Sissela Bok provides a superb Introduction, ranging over the course of Sidgwick's life and career and underscoring the relevance of Practical Ethics to contemporary debate. She writes: "Practical Ethics, the last book that Henry Sidgwick published before his death in 1900, contains the distillation of a lifetime of reflection on ethics and on what it would take for ethical debate to be 'really of use in the solution of practical questions.'" This rich, engaging work is essential reading for all concerned with the relationship between ethical theory and. practice, and with the questions that have driven the study of professional ethics in recent years.

Theories Of Ethics

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Author : W. H. Werkmeister
language : en
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Release Date : 2015-06-13

Theories Of Ethics written by W. H. Werkmeister and has been published by Forgotten Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-13 with Philosophy categories.

Excerpt from Theories of Ethics: A Study in Moral Obligation Ethics, Henry Sidgwick wrote, is "the science or study of what ought to be, so far as this depends upon the voluntary action of individuals" (9:4); it "imparts or seeks the most perfect knowledge possible of the rightness or goodness of voluntary actions or their results" (9:4). These statements appear to be clear and to the point; actually, however, they are not unambiguous but require clarification in at least two respects. First, it is important to distinguish between practical morality or the development of specific moral codes, and theoretical ethics or the analysis and interpretation of basic concepts. Important as the development of moral codes may be, it is not of primary concern to the philosopher. We may grant, of course, that the ultimate aim of all ethics is practical, for "we desire moral knowledge in order to act on it" (9:4; 10:122); but the immediate and most fundamental concern of theoretical ethics is analytic and interpretative. The ethicist examines and seeks to elucidate the meanings of such key concepts as good, right, ought, and their respective opposites, derivatives, and interrelations, and he attempts to explicate the criteria underlying all moral judgments. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Moral Philosophy From Socrates To The 21st Aeon

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Author : Andreas Sofroniou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-03-30

Moral Philosophy From Socrates To The 21st Aeon written by Andreas Sofroniou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-30 with categories.

Moral Philosophy is the discipline concerned with what are ethically good and bad, or right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles.As this is a subject for thinking, questions are asked and answers are sought: -How should we live? -Shall we aim at happiness or at knowledge, virtue, or the creation of beautiful objects? -If happiness is chosen, will it be our own or for all? What of the more particular questions that face us: -Is it right to be dishonest in a good cause? -Can we justify living in opulence while elsewhere in the world people are starving? -If conscripted to fight in a war we do not support, should we disobey the law? -What are our obligations to the other creatures with whom we share this planet and to the generations of humans who will come after us? Ethics deals with such questions at all levels. Its subject consists of the fundamental issues of practical decision-making, and its major concerns include the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or wrong. The terms ethics and morality are closely related. We now often refer to ethical judgments or ethical principles where it once would have been more common to speak of moral judgments or moral principles. These applications are an extension of the meaning of ethics. Strictly speaking, however, the term refers not to morality itself but to the field of study, or branch of inquiry, that has morality as its subject matter. In this sense, ethics is equivalent to moral philosophy. Although ethics has always been viewed as a branch of philosophy, its all-embracing practical nature links it with many other areas of study, including anthropology, biology, medicine, economics, history, politics, psychology, sociology, and theology. Yet, ethics remains distinct from such disciplines because it is not a matter of factual knowledge in the way that the sciences and other branches of inquiry are. Rather, it has to do with determining the nature of normative theories and applying these sets of principles to practical moral problems.The brief historical survey of Western ethics from Socrates to the 20th century has shown three constant themes. Since the Sophists, there have been: -Disagreements over whether ethical judgments are truths about the world or only reflections of the wishes of those who make them; -Frequent attempts to show, in the face of considerable scepticism, either that it is in one's own interests to do what is good or that, even though this is not necessarily in one's own interests, it is the rational thing to do; -Repeated debates over just what goodness and the standard of right and wrong might be. The 20th century has seen new twists to these old themes and an increased attention to the application of ethics to practical problems. Each of these major questions is considered below in terms of meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Perhaps the greatest legacy of ethics, as an application to a profession, is what Hippocrates has structured as a code of ethics, some two and a half thousand years ago, during the golden age of Hellenism.

A Brief Text Book Of Moral Philosophy

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Author : Charles Coppens
language : en
Publisher: Wentworth Press
Release Date : 2019-02-27

A Brief Text Book Of Moral Philosophy written by Charles Coppens and has been published by Wentworth Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-27 with History categories.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Author : Hugh Chisholm
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1911

The Encyclopaedia Britannica written by Hugh Chisholm and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1911 with Encyclopedias and dictionaries categories.

Foundations Of Ethics

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Author : W. David Ross
language : en
Publisher: Bakhsh Press
Release Date : 2008-11

Foundations Of Ethics written by W. David Ross and has been published by Bakhsh Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11 with Philosophy categories.

FOUNDATIONS OF ETHICS THE GIFFORD LECTURES delivered in the University of Aberdeen, 1935-6 by SIR W. DAVID ROSS Provost of Oriel College, Oxford President of the British Academy OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS Oxford University Press, Amen House, London B. C. 4 GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS CAPE TOWN Geoffrey Cumberlege, Publisher to the University FIRST EDITION 1 939 Reprinted lithographically in Great Britain at the UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD, 1 949, 1951 from sheets of the first edition PREFACE THIS book represents the result of further reflections on moral theory, since I published in 1930 a book called The Right and the Good. I have tried, in the present book, to take account of such books and articles later than 1930 as have come my way and as seem to have a close relation, whether in the way of agreement or in the way of criticism, to the views expressed in the earlier book. The result of further reflection has been to confirm me in most of the views I earlier expressed, but by no means in all. Some of the topics considered have already been much discussed by other writers the issues have been much clarified in the course of the discussion, and in such cases I feel comparatively confident that the views I have argued for are true, or near the truth. Other topics especially some discussed in Chapter XI have not been much discussed before there have been few sign-posts saying This way to the truth, Proceed at your own risk, or No road this way and in these cases I put forward my conclu sions very tentatively, in the hope that discussion of them may tend to clear up the issues. I must express my deep gratitude to the University of Aberdeen for thehonour of being invited to deliver the Gifford Lectures, and the hope that the interval between delivery and publication will not be thought too long. W. D. R. CONTENTS L INTRODUCTORY Our method will be the critical study of the moral consciousness and of the main moral theories . . . . .2 Two main ways of regarding the moral life as obedience to laws, or as a striving after goods. Our main task is therefore the study of the nature of, and the relations between, tightness and goodness . 3 The main attempts at definitions of ethical terms may be classified as definitions by reference to a mental attitude reaction theories, or by reference to results causal theories .... 5 They may also be classified as naturalistic or non-naturalistic . 6 It is not always clear, at first sight, to what type a well-known theory e. g. Hedonism belongs ...... 8 II. NATURALISTIC DEFINITIONS OF RIGHT 1 Evolutionary theories have no plausibility as definitions of right . 12 nor as accounts of the ground of rightness . . . .13 It is sometimes thought that they have successfully explained rightness away, a The inquiry into the origin of moral ideas may be thought to have undermined their validity but this cannot be made out . 15 K The discovery of differences between moral codes may be thought to have undermined them all but such differences usually imply differences not on fundamental moral questions but on matters of fact which form the minor premisses of our ethical thinking . 17 and in any case difference of opinion cannot prove that no opinion is true ........ 19 2 Reaction theories classification of them . . . .21 a Private reactions theory objections to it . . . .22 K Public reaction theory objections . .. 24 c The view that defines rightness by reference to the reaction of the agent objections . . . . . . 25 3 Causal theories. Hedonism is unplausible as an account of the mean ing of right . . . ., . .26 The various attempts at defining right would be more plausible if recast as attempts a to state the ground of rightness as such they will be examined in chs. 4, 5 . . . ...

Moralities

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Author : Paul Ziff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14

Moralities written by Paul Ziff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Philosophy categories.

This essay is the product of years of distaste for, and dissatisfaction with, the efforts of moral philosophers. It can be tiresome to attend to details, to spell out the obvious, but moral philosophy is such an abysmally difficult subject that faster than a creeping slug is breakneck reckless speed. One simply must content oneself with a slow slimy trail painfully drawn and cautiously constrained. Generally speaking, philosophy, and, in particular, moral philosophy, is too hard fot philosophers. Even though publishing is spitting in the ocean, and even though my sour sweet spittle will not alter the ocean's salinity, I am somehow inclined to publish this essay. Acknowledgments: I began this essay in 1956. During the years, I have discussed many of the topics in this volume with a great many philosophers. I am indebted to all of them, especially those with whom I disagreed and those who disagreed with me. One learns nothing from agreement, whereas disagreement provokes one to look more closely and more carefully at what is at issue: if a philosopher is to profit from discussion, someone must be disagreeable.

Moral Philosophy

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Author : Joseph Rickaby
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-11-21

Moral Philosophy written by Joseph Rickaby and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-21 with Philosophy categories.

1. Moral Philosophy is the science of human acts in their bearing on human happiness and human duty. 2. Those acts alone are properly called human, which a man is master of to do or not to do. A human act, then, is an act voluntary and free. A man is what his human acts make him. 3. A voluntary act is an act that proceeds from the will with a knowledge of the end to which the act tends. 4. A free act is an act which so proceeds from the will that under the same antecedent conditions it might have not proceeded. An act may be more or less voluntary, and more or less free. 5. Moral Philosophy is divided into Ethics, Deontology, and Natural Law. Ethics consider human acts in their bearing on human happiness; or, what is the same thing, in their agreement or disagreement with man's rational nature, and their making for or against his last end. Deontology is the study of moral obligation, or the fixing of what logicians call the comprehension of the idea I ought. Ethics deal with "the becoming"; Deontology with "the obligatory".

Morality

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Author : Bernard Williams
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-03-29

Morality written by Bernard Williams and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-29 with Philosophy categories.

In Morality Bernard Williams confronts the problems of writing moral philosophy, and offers a stimulating alternative to more systematic accounts which seem nevertheless to have left all the important issues somewhere off the page. Williams explains, analyses and distinguishes a number of key positions, from the purely amoral to notions of subjective or relative morality, testing their coherence before going on to explore the nature of 'goodness' in relation to responsibilities and choice, roles, standards, and human nature. A classic in moral philosophy.

Reason And Conduct

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Author : Henry David Aiken
language : en
Publisher: Greenwood
Release Date : 1978

Reason And Conduct written by Henry David Aiken and has been published by Greenwood this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Philosophy categories.