The Cognitive Thalamus
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The Cognitive Thalamus
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Author : Yuri B. Saalmann
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-06-17
The Cognitive Thalamus written by Yuri B. Saalmann and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-17 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused on defining roles for cerebral cortical areas in cognition. Roles for the thalamus in cognition have been largely ignored despite the fact that the extensive connectivity between the thalamus and cerebral cortex gives rise to a closely coupled thalamo-cortical system. However, in recent years, growing interest in the thalamus as much more than a passive sensory structure, as well as methodological advances such as high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and improved electrode targeting to subregions of thalamic nuclei using electrical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging, have fostered research into thalamic contributions to cognition. Evidence suggests that behavioral context modulates processing in primary sensory, or first-order, thalamic nuclei (for example, the lateral geniculate and ventral posterior nuclei), allowing attentional filtering of incoming sensory information at an early stage of brain processing. Behavioral context appears to more strongly influence higher-order thalamic nuclei (for example, the pulvinar and mediodorsal nucleus), which receive major input from the cortex rather than the sensory periphery. Such higher-order thalamic nuclei have been shown to regulate information transmission in frontal and higher-order sensory cortex according to cognitive demands. This Research Topic aims to bring together neuroscientists who study different parts of the thalamus, particularly thalamic nuclei other than the primary sensory relays, and highlight the thalamic contributions to attention, memory, reward processing, decision-making, and language. By doing so, an emphasis is also placed on neural mechanisms common to many, if not all, of these cognitive operations, such as thalamo-cortical interactions and modulatory influences from sources in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The overall view that emerges is that the thalamus is a vital node in brain networks supporting cognition.
The Thalamus
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Author : Michael M. Halassa
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-09-01
The Thalamus written by Michael M. Halassa and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-01 with Psychology categories.
The thalamus is a key structure in the mammalian brain, providing a hub for communication within and across distributed forebrain networks. Research in this area has undergone a revolution in the last decade, with findings that suggest an expanded role for the thalamus in sensory processing, motor control, arousal regulation, and cognition. Moving beyond previous studies of anatomy and cell neurochemistry, scientists have expanded into investigations of cognitive function, and harness new methods and theories of neural computation. This book provides a survey of topics at the cutting edge of this field, covering basic anatomy, evolution, development, physiology and computation. It is also the first book to combine these disciplines in one place, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of thalamus research, and will be an essential resource for students and experts in biology, medicine and computer science.
Functional Connections Of Cortical Areas
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Author : S. Murray Sherman
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2013-08-09
Functional Connections Of Cortical Areas written by S. Murray Sherman and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-09 with Science categories.
Two leading authorities on thalamocortical connections consider how the neural circuits of the brain relate to our actions and perceptions. In this book, two leading authorities on the thalamus and its relationship to cortex build on their earlier findings to arrive at new ways of thinking about how the brain relates to the world, to cognition, and behavior. Based on foundations established earlier in their book Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function, the authors consider the implications of these ground rules for thalamic inputs, thalamocortical connections, and cortical outputs. The authors argue that functional and structural analyses of pathways connecting thalamus and cortex point beyond these to lower centers and through them to the body and the world. Each cortical area depends on the messages linking it to body and world. These messages relate to the way we act and think; each cortical area receives thalamic inputs and has outputs to motor centers. Sherman and Guillery go on to discuss such topics as the role of branching axons that carry motor instructions as well as copies of these motor instructions for relay to cortex under the control of the thalamic gate. This gate allows the thalamus to control the passage of information on the basis of which cortex relates to the rest of the nervous system.
Basal Ganglia And Thalamus
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Author : Rita Moretti
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Basal Ganglia And Thalamus written by Rita Moretti and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Medical categories.
The basal ganglia are traditionally involved in the control of movement. The most wise and prophetical works by Crossen (1996 and successive), and by Bogousslavsky stated clearly that the basal ganglia participate in multiple circuits or 'loops' with cognitive areas of the cerebral cortex; moreover, the activity of neurons within selected portions of the basal ganglia is more related to cognitive or sensory operations than to motor functions.Selection of phonological strings and morphological activities are clearly under the processation of basal ganglia loop. Moreover, automatic language is strictly bound to caudate and putamen articulatory and semnatic loop. Finally, in some instances basal ganglia lesions cause behaviour disturbances, such as apathia and the so called, frontal anterior syndrome, as well as palypsychism. In this title the authors review these data, present experimental data, and detect the possible anatomical and functional framework for understanding the basal ganglia contributions to non-motor function.
The Cerebral Cortex And Thalamus
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Author : Usrey
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-11-10
The Cerebral Cortex And Thalamus written by Usrey and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-10 with Medical categories.
"This book is an attempt to cover two gaps in our appreciation of the critical interplay between thalamus and cortex . One is that the tendency in covering these subjects is to treat each in isolation, which overlooks the point that a key to understanding their function is appreciating their essential partnership and interdependence for sensation, action, and cognition"--
The Thalamus
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Author : Michael M Halassa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022-05
The Thalamus written by Michael M Halassa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05 with categories.
"The organization of thalamic afferents solves a computational constrain introduced by a peculiar feature of the vertebrate forebrain systems. In all vertebrate species, studied far (including basal branches like Cyclosotomata, the lamprey), (Suryanarayana et al., 2017, 2020) the top level information processor (i.e. the cortex, or pallium) has very little direct access to fast, accurate, excitatory (i.e. glutamatergic) inputs from subcortical (subpallial) structures beside thalamus. In other words cortex has minimal precisely timed information about the rest of the brain without a thalamic transfer. Since thalamus has virtually no local axon collaterals, its inputs and the integration of these inputs will define the message the cortex will work on. Thalamic inputs can be of cortical or subcortical origin (Sherman & Guillery, 2005). Subcortical inputs to the thalamus carry information about the outside world as well as the inner state of the animals (including motor, motivational, anxiety etc. states), as a consequence, this information is extremely diverse by nature (Jones, 2007a). This results in versatile representations and complex integration of subthalamic inputs at the level of thalamus. Large fraction of these subcortical inputs are involved in cortico-subcortico-cortical loops (e.g. basal ganglia, the cerebellar loop or the Papez circuit) closed via the thalamus through pathways utilizing various transmitters and terminal types (Guillery & Sherman, 2011). Thalamic activity requires a constant and immediate update from the target region of the thalamus, the cortex"--
Thalamus And Its Cortex
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Author : Edison K. Miyawaki M.D.
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2021-01-26
Thalamus And Its Cortex written by Edison K. Miyawaki M.D. and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-26 with Medical categories.
Imagine a seminar in which four smart people address the significance of a deep and central brain structure, the thalamus, in its relationship to the overlying cerebral cortex. Among the four, we hear from an economist, a mathematician, and two scientists. For medical or neuroscience students, or for trainees in neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, Edison K. Miyawaki describes relevant thalamocortical anatomy in humans and other vertebrates. He summarizes known thalamocortical connections in their rich complexity. Thalamus and its Cortex is an experiment in teaching replete with old (but still good) and contemporary insights about the relationship between cortex and subcortex.
Subcortical Structures And Cognition
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Author : Leonard F. Koziol
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-04-21
Subcortical Structures And Cognition written by Leonard F. Koziol and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-21 with Psychology categories.
Clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists are traditionally taught that cognition is mediated by the cortex and that subcortical brain regions mediate the coordination of movement. However, this argument can easily be challenged based upon the anatomic organization of the brain. The relationship between the prefrontal cortex/frontal lobes and basal ganglia is characterized by loops from these anterior brain regions to the striatum, the globus pallidus, and the thalamus, and then back to the frontal cortex. There is also a cerebrocerebellar system defined by projections from the cerebral cortex to the pontine nuclei, to the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei, to the red nucleus and then back to thalamus and cerebral cortex, including all regions of the frontal lobes. Therefore, both the cortical-striatal and cortical-cerebellar projections are anatomically defined as re-entrant systems that are obviously in a position to influence not only motor behavior, but also cognition and affect. This represents overwhelming evidence based upon neuroanatomy alone that subcortical regions play a role in cognition. The first half of this book defines the functional neuroanatomy of cortical-subcortical circuitries and establishes that since structure is related to function, what the basal ganglia and cerebellum do for movement they also do for cognition and emotion. The second half of the book examines neuropsychological assessment. Patients with lesions restricted to the cerebellum and/or basal ganglia have been described as exhibiting a variety of cognitive deficits on neuropsychological tests. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that higher-level cognitive functions such as attention, executive functioning, language, visuospatial processing, and learning and memory are affected by subcortical pathologies. There is also considerable evidence that the basal ganglia and cerebellum play a critical role in the regulation of affect and emotion. These brain regions are an integral part of the brain’s executive system. The ability to apply new methodologies clinically is essential in the evaluation of disorders with subcortical pathology, including various developmental disorders (broadly defined to include learning disorders and certain psychiatric conditions), for the purpose of gaining greater understanding of these conditions and developing appropriate methodologies for treatment. The book is organized around three sources of evidence: neuroanatomical connections; patients with various disease processes; experimental studies, including various imaging techniques. These three sources of data present compelling evidence that the basal ganglia and cerebellum are involved in cognition, affect, and emotion. The question is no longer if these subcortical regions are involved in these processes, but instead, how they are involved. The book is also organized around two basic concepts: (1) the functional neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum; and (2) how this relates to behavior and neuropsychological testing. Cognitive neuroscience is entering a new era as we recognize the roles of subcortical structures in the modulation of cognition. The fields of neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, neuropsychiatry, and neurology are all developing in the direction of understanding the roles of subcortical structures in behavior. This book is informative while defining the need and direction for new paradigms and methodologies for neuropsychological assessment.
Basal Ganglia And Thalamus
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Author : Rita Moretti
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2014-05-14
Basal Ganglia And Thalamus written by Rita Moretti and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with Basal ganglia categories.
Limbic Brainstem Roles In Perception Cognition Emotion And Behavior
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Author : Hisao Nishijo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-08-03
Limbic Brainstem Roles In Perception Cognition Emotion And Behavior written by Hisao Nishijo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-03 with categories.
The brainstem-limbic regions, including the superior colliculus, pulvinar and amygdala, receive direct perceptual information as a rapid, coarse, subcortical sensory system bypassing early sensory cortical systems, and play a central role in innate behaviors, including motivated and avoidance behaviors. Recent human neuropsychological studies including those on cortical blindness suggest that these subcortical sensory pathways are functional in the intact human brain and interact with more evolutionary recent cortical systems. This eBook presents up-to-date advancements in this area and to highlight the functions of the brainstem-limbic regions in a variety of perceptual, cognitive, affective and behavioral domains. We hope that this current Research Topic provides a comprehensive review to understand roles of the subcortical brainstem-limbic regions in some forms of sensory-motor coupling, cognitive and affective functions.