The Complex Relationship Of Concentrated Ownership Structures And Corporate Governance
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The Complex Relationship Of Concentrated Ownership Structures And Corporate Governance
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Author : Vasiliki Stergiou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Complex Relationship Of Concentrated Ownership Structures And Corporate Governance written by Vasiliki Stergiou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Concentrated ownership is perceived as an inefficient form of ownership because it allegedly increases the risk of minority expropriation, which is further exacerbated by the disproportionality of control and cash-flow rights of the controller. This thesis challenges the perception of concentration as a per se inefficient ownership structure. It argues that the 'inefficiency bias' is based on the oversimplified, incorrect assumption that concentration is characterised by the presence of one controlling shareholder and therefore disregards the variety of the forms of concentration. To substantiate this argument, this thesis categorises the forms of concentration based on the identity and number of the controllers and examines their impact on corporate governance. It is shown, that the distinct characteristics of the varieties of shareholders' profiles have an ambivalent impact on corporate governance: Families are strongly committed investors but also prone to extract private benefits of control; the state is inefficient in monitoring but can also be a driver of good corporate governance practices; multiple large shareholders improve internal contestability of control but shareholders' agreements can also be used for minority expropriation. In this context, the effectiveness of the legal framework to mitigate the arising corporate governance problems becomes the key factor which differentiates efficient from inefficient corporate ownership structures. The different corporate governance problems of concentration imply that adapted legal solutions and adequately flexible rules are the prerequisites of effective investor protection. Given the varieties of concentration, legal effectiveness and strong investor protection can therefore only be defined by reference to a given ownership structure. This thesis presents concrete examples of investor protection mechanisms which are adapted to the distinct characteristics of the varieties of concentration: In the case of family and state ownership, effective minority protection takes the form of special minority rights of board-representation; within multiple large blockholdings, shareholders' agreements limit the abuse of the governance rights of majority shareholders. Ultimately, the thesis deals with the implications of this complex interaction between ownership structures and corporate governance which compromise the reliability of indices as a metric of the quality of corporate governance, to the extent that the applied methodology fails to encompass the differences in shareholders' profiles and that a functional approach to the substantive legal analysis preceding the compilation of an index is not adopted.
Corporate Governance Ownership Structure And Firm Performance
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Author : Hoang N. Pham
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-01-24
Corporate Governance Ownership Structure And Firm Performance written by Hoang N. Pham and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-24 with Business & Economics categories.
The relationship between ownership structure and firm performance has been studied extensively in corporate finance and corporate governance literature. Nevertheless, the mediation (path) analysis to examine the issue can be adopted as a new approach to explain why and how ownership structure is related to firm performance and vice versa. This approach calls for full recognition of the roles of agency costs and corporate risk-taking as essential mediating variables in the bi-directional and mediated relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. Based on the agency theory, corporate risk management theory and accounting for the dynamic endogeneity in the ownership–performance relationship, this book develops two-mediator mediation models, including recursive and non-recursive mediation models, to investigate the ownership structure–firm performance relationship. It is demonstrated that agency costs and corporate risk-taking are the ‘missing links’ in the ownership structure–firm performance relationship. Hence, this book brings into attention the mediation and dynamic approach to this issue and enhances the knowledge of the mechanisms for improving firm’s financial performance. This book will be of interest to corporate finance, management and economics researchers and policy makers. Post-graduate research students in corporate governance and corporate finance will also find this book beneficial to the application of econometrics into multi-dimensional and complex issues of the firm, including ownership structure, agency problems, corporate risk management and financial performance.
Toward Relative Corporate Governance Regimes
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Author : Leon Yehuda Anidjar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Toward Relative Corporate Governance Regimes written by Leon Yehuda Anidjar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This article aims to challenge the clear distinction between the diffuse ownership structure--which exists in England and the United States--and the concentrated ownership structure which exists in the rest of the world. A study of the economic and legal reality of Anglo-American law and Continental law shows that the traditional ownership structures in both legal systems have significantly weakened. I discuss the normative implications of the decreasing concentrated ownership structure and argue that the current corporate governance rules are outdated because the distinction between diffuse and concentrated ownership structures is no longer valid. In particular, I propose that the rules of corporate governance in markets with concentrated ownership structure should be redesigned to represent the new balance of power between the controlling shareholder and the minority shareholders through an innovative model that I call the Relative Corporate Governance Regime. This model suggests rearticulating corporate law and governance in a manner that considers the ratio of holdings between the controlling shareholder and the minority shareholders; the size and scope of the company's activity; the activity that the company is engaged in; and its consequences for the market's overall financial stability. For many years, lawmakers, courts and jurists have been debating how to protect the rights of minority shareholders in transactions involving controlling shareholders. In this paper, I show how the Relative Corporate Governance Regime model contributes to the choice between protecting the rights of minority shareholders through a property or liability rule.
Concentrated Corporate Ownership
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Author : Randall K. Morck
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-12-01
Concentrated Corporate Ownership written by Randall K. Morck and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Standard economic models assume that many small investors own firms. This is so in most large U.S. firms, but wealthy individuals or families generally hold controlling blocks in smaller U.S. firms and in all firms in most other countries. Given this, the lack of theoretical and empirical work on tightly held firms is surprising. What corporate governance problems arise in tightly held firms? How do these differ from corporate governance problems in widely held firms? How do control blocks arise and how are they maintained? How does concentrated ownership affect economic growth? How should we regulate tightly held firms? Drawing together leading scholars from law, economics, and finance, this volume examines the economic and legal issues of concentrated ownership and their impact on a shifting global economy.
Corporate Governance And Ownership Structure In Emerging Markets
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Author : Diego C. Cueto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Corporate Governance And Ownership Structure In Emerging Markets written by Diego C. Cueto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Corporate governance categories.
My dissertation explores the leading role of ownership structures in corporate governance for publicly traded firms in emerging markets. I analyze the relationships between ownership structures, corporate governance mechanisms, firm value and market liquidity for a sample of Latin American firms. The predominant highly concentrated ownership within a context of weak shareholder protection provides a rich environment to explore corporate governance practices in a regional setting. The period of analysis, 2000-2006, is characterized by economic growth sustained by the expansion of foreign direct investment in a post-privatization era. The region as a whole, rather than just individual markets, became an attractive investment destination. In addition the development of a private pension system initiated in Chile and subsequently expanded to more than 25 countries (the AFP system) reinvigorated the capital markets which have become more attractive as a means of diversification for global portfolios. Moreover, understanding the implications of concentrated ownership structures is fundamental for participants in a yet incipient mergers and acquisitions market. My dissertation consists of three related essays which collectively cohere to represent my research approach and understanding of the topic and they all benefit from the exploitation of a unique ownership database. This work serves to advance the finance literature in several dimensions: a) the manuscript examines at markets which have hitherto been ignored or at best simply characterized as having very weak governance structures; b) it addresses endogeneity problems from the initial design of this research project through the data collection process; c) furthermore, I extend the literature on the interactions between governance mechanisms and firm value; and d) it develops new corporate governance measures, including novel "effective" firm ownership variables for these markets. Dominant shareholders may have both the capability and the incentive to expropriate minority shareholders. Specifically, I examine performance effects that may be attributable to discrepancies between voting rights and cash-flow rights. I examine the extent to which dominant shareholders can divert resources for their own consumption, in turn reducing overall shareholder value. Given the large potential for private consumption, by the dominant shareholders, I also explore the motivations for outside investors to participate in the financing of the firms' activities.
Corporate Governance Disclosure For Complex Ownership Structure In India
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Author : Shakti Deb
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Corporate Governance Disclosure For Complex Ownership Structure In India written by Shakti Deb and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The transition of a national economy to global economy affected the corporate operation in a varied manner. The dichotomous models of corporate governance call for clarity in corporate objectives, strategies and responsibilities of the modern corporation. The dichotomous approaches towards corporate disclosure are influenced by ownership models, that is, concentrated (e.g., Germany and Japan) and dispersed (e.g., the United States [USA] and the United Kingdom [UK]). The dispersed ownership model implicates arm's length relationships between shareholders and managers, whereas opposite trend demonstrates concentrated ownership. It implicates heavy reliance on large shareholders for bankrolling the firm. Post-reform market in India developed complex ownership structure which represents both concentrated and disperse trends. Consequently, learning curve for corporate governance disclosure in this type of ownership structure is yet to be consolidated. The present research article draws up a case for improvements in the corporate governance disclosure and attempts to indicate a smarter corporate governance disclosure framework for complex ownership structure in India from the learning of selected jurisdictions (the USA, the UK, Japan and Germany) and best practices. The research article also spotlights on the level of convergence of the corporate disclosure norms in India with the global standards. The scope of this article is limited to non-financial disclosure.
Complex Ownership Structures And Corporate Valuations
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Author : Luc Laeven
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2007-06
Complex Ownership Structures And Corporate Valuations written by Luc Laeven and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The bulk of corporate governance theory examines the agency problems that arise from two extreme ownership structures: 100 percent small shareholders or one large, controlling owner combined with small shareholders. In this paper, we question the empirical validity of this dichotomy. In fact, one-third of publicly listed firms in Europe have multiple large owners, and the market value of firms with multiple blockholders differs from firms with a single large owner and from widely-held firms. Moreover, the relationship between corporate valuations and the distribution of cash-flow rights across multiple large owners is consistent with the predictions of recent theoretical models.
Corporate Governance
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Author : H. Kent Baker
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2010-08-20
Corporate Governance written by H. Kent Baker and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-20 with Business & Economics categories.
A detailed look at the importance of corporate governance in today's business world The importance of corporate governance became dramatically clear at the beginning of the twenty-first century as a series of corporate meltdowns from managerial fraud, misconduct, and negligence caused a massive loss of shareholder wealth. As part of the Robert W. Kolb Series in Finance, this book provides a comprehensive view of the shareholder-manager relationship and examines the current state of governance mechanisms in mitigating the principal-agent conflict. This book also offers informed suggestions and predictions about the future direction of corporate governance. Relies on recent research findings to provide guidance through the maze of theories and concepts Uses a structured approach to put corporate governance in perspective Addresses essential issues related to corporate governance including the idea of principal-agent conflict, role of the board of directors, executive compensation, corporate monitoring, proxy contests and corporate takeovers, and regulatory intervention Corporate governance is an essential part of mainstream finance. If you need to gain a better understanding of this topic, look no further than this book.
Ownership Structure And Diversification In A Scenario Of Weak Shareholder Protection
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Author : Elida Maia-Ramires
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Ownership Structure And Diversification In A Scenario Of Weak Shareholder Protection written by Elida Maia-Ramires and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
We examine the influence of ownership concentration and insider ownership on the selection of corporate strategies of diversification in a scenario characterized by poor protection of shareholders' interests. We find evidence of a quadratic relationship between ownership concentration and diversification and a cubic relationship between diversification and insider ownership, which evidence the likeliness of both expropriation and entrenchment phenomena, respectively, in this kind of scenario. It also suggests that sometimes the costs of the principal-principal conflict are more severe than the managers-shareholders conflict. We also uncover that concentrated ownership requires high levels of insider ownership in order to prevent the negative externalities of diversification, a result which could be expected a priori for low shareholder protection countries. Other innovative result shows that entrenchment externalities affect diversification before it erodes firm value, which is also a proof that for low levels of diversification, firm values is still not negatively affected. Additionally, our results show that control mechanisms such as debt, directors' remuneration and the compliance with codes of good practices are negatively related to the level of diversification. All in all, our results confirm the theoretical relevance of the agency theory in explaining the managerial attitudes towards corporate strategy, i.e., diversification. Furthermore, companies located in civil-law countries, characterized by deficiencies in legal shareholder protection, concentrated ownership structures and a higher likeliness of managers being entrenched, should place their emphasis on enhancing the correct functioning of corporate governance mechanisms. In fact, our results corroborate the relevance of these mechanisms to promote firm value maximizing strategies.
Corporate Governance And Organisational Performance
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Author : Naeem Tabassum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-28
Corporate Governance And Organisational Performance written by Naeem Tabassum and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Establishing a corporate governance strategy that promotes the efficient use of organisational resources is instrumental in the economic growth of a country, as well as the successful management of firms. This book reviews existing literature and identifies board structural features as key variables of an effective corporate governance system, establishing a multi-theoretical model that links Board structural characteristics with firm performance. It then, using a comprehensive empirical study of 265 companies listed on the Karachi Stock exchange, tests this conceptual model. This research serves as a significant milestone, reflecting the socio-economic setting of emerging economies, and highlighting the need for the corporate sector in emerging markets to move away from a 'tick-box' culture. It argues that the sector needs to implement corporate governance as a tool to mitigate business risks; appoint and empower non-executive directors to achieve an effective monitoring of management; and establish their own ethical and governance principles, applicable to the Board of Directors. Based on an extensive data base, collected painstakingly over five years, this book offers new insights and conceptual framework for further research in this area. Given the breadth and width of the research, it is a useful source of future reference for students, researchers and policy makers.