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The Coolie Trade

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The Coolie Trade And Outrages Against The Chinese

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Author : Jules Davids
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

The Coolie Trade And Outrages Against The Chinese written by Jules Davids and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.

The Coolie Trade

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Author : Arnold J. Meagher
language : en
Publisher: Arnold J Meagher
Release Date : 2008

The Coolie Trade written by Arnold J. Meagher and has been published by Arnold J Meagher this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.

The Coolie Trade The phenomenon of indentured labor, which followed upon the abolition of slavery, spread throughout the Western world in the latter two-thirds of the nineteenth century, appearing in such far-flung places as Mauritius, South Africa, Latin America, Australia, Malaya, and the Fiji Islands. Indentured labor, i.e., labor contracted under penal sanctions, was essentially a compulsory system of labor, which in practice differed little from slavery. Unlike slaves, indentured workers were supposed to receive a monthly wage, and their term of service, at least in principle, was for a fixed period of from five to eight years; but these provisions were not always adhered to, and in all other respects, indentured workers were no better off than the slaves they replaced. The widespread appearance of indentured labor is not adequately accounted for by either of the two major schools of thought in the controversy over the downfall of slavery. If the primary motivations for the abolition of slavery were humanitarian, then why did humanitarians look the other way when slave owners resorted to another form of forced labor in the system of indenture? If, on the other hand, the abolition of slavery was an economic consequence of the rise of industrialism and capitalism, as Eric Williams in his Capitalism and Slavery would have us believe, then why did the same factors, which rejected forced African labor, so easily accept forced Chinese and Indian labor? Did the principles of humanitarianism not also extend to the peoples of Asia? Or did some latent racism preclude "Asiatics" (as Chinese and Indians were called), or at least preclude them from being defended with the same vigor as Africans? Or, lulled into a false sense of security and accomplishment, were humanitarians taken in by the trappings of indenture the written contract, the monthly wage, and the limitation on the period of service? The latter could be an out for the humanitarian interpretation of the abolition movement, but what of the economic determinism of the Williams school? Indenture's camouflage might possibly have fooled the humanitarians, but the same could not be said of the economic forces of determinism. Perhaps the economic factors, like the humanitarian principles, did not have universal validity, but only applied to African slavery? The question must then be raised that perhaps indentured labor was an economically viable alternative both to slave and wage labor, at least in some areas of the world? And as such, was indenture a conscious hardnosed compromise between the proponents of slavery and the abolitionists? Else, how explain the fact that England, who led the fight against slavery and whose statesmen condemned slavery as the very antithesis of progress, also led the way in sanctioning indentured labor? It is the purpose of this work to present a comprehensive study of Chinese indentured labor in Latin America. In an attempt to place the coming of over 250,000 Chinese indentured laborers to the Caribbean and South America from 1847 to 1874 in some kind of historical perspective, this study traces the gradual rise and acceptance of the indentured system of labor in the Western world following upon the abolition of the slave trade and the emancipation of the slaves. Conditions both in China and in Latin America, which triggered and sustained a flow of Chinese labor for over a quarter of a century, are examined. The transoceanic passages of the Chinese laborers is chronicled. Finally, the experience of Chinese indentured labor in the Caribbean and South America is explored. This work relies heavily upon (1) the correspondence of consuls and diplomats on the China coast and in Latin America contained in the archives of the British Public Record Office and in the British Parliamentary Papers; (2) the China coast newspapers of the nineteenth century, both English and Portuguese, including the official weekly publications of the Hong Kong and M

The Introduction Of Chinese Laborers To Latin America

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Author : Arnold Joseph Meagher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975

The Introduction Of Chinese Laborers To Latin America written by Arnold Joseph Meagher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with China categories.

Coolie Traffic And Kidnapping

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Author : Don Aldus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1876

Coolie Traffic And Kidnapping written by Don Aldus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1876 with Chinese categories.

The Coolie Trade And Chinese Emigration

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Author : Jules Davids
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

The Coolie Trade And Chinese Emigration written by Jules Davids and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.

Ch Ing Policy Towards The Coolie Trade 1847 1878

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Author : Robert Lee Irick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971

Ch Ing Policy Towards The Coolie Trade 1847 1878 written by Robert Lee Irick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.

Vocabularies Of Violence The Chinese Coolie Trade And The Constitutive Power Of Its Conceptual Vocabularies 1847 1907

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Author : Elizabeth Evans Weber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Vocabularies Of Violence The Chinese Coolie Trade And The Constitutive Power Of Its Conceptual Vocabularies 1847 1907 written by Elizabeth Evans Weber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

This project is concerned with the foreign-executed trade in contracted Chinese labor (the "coolie trade") to the Americas that spanned from 1847-1876. The first part of the project explores the many violences that the coolie trade visited upon Chinese persons, whether those who were themselves directly victimized by the trade, or those who suffered more indirectly (persons whose families were torn apart, who lived in fear of kidnapping, or who were forced to contemplate the meaning of foreign-imposed racial hierarchies, commodification of racialized Chinese labor, and the general decline of late Qing China's geopolitical position). As Chinese from a variety of backgrounds began to respond to and apprehend these traumatic violences, they gave rise to a set of "conceptual vocabularies"--including terminologies, subjectivities, conceptions of racial and geopolitical hierarchies, and understandings of servitude and personal liberty--that gave voice both to the ongoing traumas, and to the shock and simmering outrage that resulted therefrom. The second part of the project then details how nationalist authors writing in the early twentieth century were able to repurpose and manipulate these powerful, already-extant, shared vocabularies of violence in order to urge a crystallizing reading public to take an interest in the future of an endangered China. In the respective moments of the 1905 Anti-American Boycott and the 1904 Movement to Enlighten the Lower Classes in Beijing, several pieces of "coolie fiction" emerged, making use of the traumatic memory of historic coolie trade violences to advocate immediate political agendas--in this case anti-foreign activism and socially-oriented educational reform. At the same time, however, these pieces also gestured on a much broader level toward the formation of a "people" united by a collective memory of victimization, and shared determination to prevent further subjugation by foreigners in the contemporary moment. The coolie trade vocabularies would ultimately prove a very effective means first of eliciting a strong, unified emotional response from a media-consuming public; and second, of offering prescriptive visions for how a Chinese "people" might condense around particular social and political challenges and anxieties in the twentieth century.

The Coolie Trade

The Coolie Trade And Outrages Against The Chinese

The Coolie Trade

The Introduction Of Chinese Laborers To Latin America

Coolie Traffic And Kidnapping

The Coolie Trade And Chinese Emigration

Ch Ing Policy Towards The Coolie Trade 1847 1878

Vocabularies Of Violence The Chinese Coolie Trade And The Constitutive Power Of Its Conceptual Vocabularies 1847 1907

Ch Ing Policy Toward The Coolie Trade 1847 1878

Ch Ing Policy Toward The Coolie Trade 1847 1878

An Uprising On A Voyage In The Coolie Trade Illustrated

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