The Cost Of High Level Waste Disposal In Geological Repositories
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The Cost Of High Level Waste Disposal In Geological Repositories
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Author : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre
Release Date : 1993
The Cost Of High Level Waste Disposal In Geological Repositories written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and has been published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Business & Economics categories.
The Cost Of High Level Waste Disposal In Geological Repositories
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993-06
The Cost Of High Level Waste Disposal In Geological Repositories written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-06 with categories.
One Step At A Time
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-03-10
One Step At A Time written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-03-10 with Science categories.
Compared to other large engineering projects, geologic repositories for high-level waste present distinctive challenges because: 1) they are first-of-a-kind, complex, and long-term projects that must actively manage hazardous materials for many decades: 2) they are expected to hold these hazardous materials passively safe for many millennia after repository closure; and 3) they are widely perceived to pose serious risks. As is the case for other complex projects, repository programs should proceed in stages. One Step at a Time focuses on a management approach called "adaptive staging" as a promising means to develop geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste such as the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Adaptive staging is a learn-as-you-go process that enables project managers to continuously reevaluate and adjust the program in response to new knowledge and stakeholder input. Advice is given on how to implement staging during the construction, operation, closure, and post-closure phases of a repository program.
Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Waste
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Author : Commission of the European Communities
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Geological Disposal Of Radioactive Waste written by Commission of the European Communities and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Technology & Engineering categories.
One Step At A Time
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-02-10
One Step At A Time written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-02-10 with Science categories.
Compared to other large engineering projects, geologic repositories for high-level waste present distinctive challenges because: 1) they are first-of-a-kind, complex, and long-term projects that must actively manage hazardous materials for many decades: 2) they are expected to hold these hazardous materials passively safe for many millennia after repository closure; and 3) they are widely perceived to pose serious risks. As is the case for other complex projects, repository programs should proceed in stages. One Step at a Time focuses on a management approach called "adaptive staging" as a promising means to develop geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste such as the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Adaptive staging is a learn-as-you-go process that enables project managers to continuously reevaluate and adjust the program in response to new knowledge and stakeholder input. Advice is given on how to implement staging during the construction, operation, closure, and post-closure phases of a repository program.
Disposition Of High Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-10-07
Disposition Of High Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-07 with Science categories.
During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.
Economics Of Mined Geologic Repositories
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Economics Of Mined Geologic Repositories written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
During 1982, Congress considered legislation to provide for the development of repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. The result of this legislative effort was the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA), PL 97-425, signed into law January 7, 1983. An important part of the NWPA was the establishment of special funds in the US Treasury for Waste Disposal and Interim Storage to be financed by user fees to pay for all costs of the program. An initial fee of 1.0 mill per kilowatt-hour was specified. The Secretary was asked to annually review the amount of the fees established ... to evaluate whether collection of the fee will provide sufficient revenues to offset the costs ... In the event of a prospective fee cost mismatch, the Secretary was asked to propose an adjustment to the fee to insure full cost recovery. A series of studies were sponsored by DOE in 1982 to estimate program costs, to calculate the necessary fees to assure cost recovery, and to address uncertainties that could affect future program costs and consequent fee schedules. A brief summary of the 1982 cost estimates is presented. Sources of key cost uncertainties are discussed and the bases for the cost recovery fee calculations are summarized. 17 references, 2 figures, 3 tables.
Disposition Of High Level Waste And Spent Nuclear Fuel
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-07-05
Disposition Of High Level Waste And Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-05 with Science categories.
Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Geological Repository Systems For Safe Disposal Of Spent Nuclear Fuels And Radioactive Waste
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Author : Michael J Apted
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2010-07-27
Geological Repository Systems For Safe Disposal Of Spent Nuclear Fuels And Radioactive Waste written by Michael J Apted and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Geological disposal has been internationally adopted as the most effective approach to assure the long-term, safe disposition of the used nuclear fuels and radioactive waste materials produced from nuclear power generation, nuclear weapons programs, medical, treatments, and industrial applications. Geological repository systems take advantage of natural geological barriers augmented with engineered barrier systems to isolate these radioactive materials from the environment and from future populations. Geological repository systems for safe disposal of spent nuclear fuels and radioactive waste critically reviews the state-of-the-art technologies, scientific methods, regulatory developments, and social engagement approaches directly related to the implementation of geological repository systems. Part one introduces geological disposal, including multiple-barrier geological repositories, as well as reviewing the impact of nuclear fuel recycling practices and underground research laboratory activities on the development of disposal concepts. Part two reviews geological repository siting in different host rocks, including long-term stability analysis and radionuclide transport modelling. Reviews of the range of engineered barrier systems, including waste immobilisation technologies, container materials, low pH concretes, clay-based buffer and backfill materials, and barrier performance are presented in Part three. Part four examines total system performance assessment and safety analyses for deep geological and near-surface disposal, with coverage of uncertainty analysis, use of expert judgement for decision making, and development and use of knowledge management systems. Finally, Part five covers regulatory and social approaches for the establishment of geological disposal programs, from the development of radiation standards and risk-informed, performance-based regulations, to environmental monitoring and social engagement in the siting and operation of repositories. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Geological repository systems for safe disposal of spent nuclear fuels and radioactive waste is a standard reference for all nuclear waste management and geological repository professionals and researchers. Critically reviews the state-of-the-art technologies, scientific methods, regulatory developments, and social engagement approaches related to the implementation of geological repository systems Chapters introduce geological disposal and review the development of disposal concepts Examines long-term stability analysis, the range of engineered barrier systems and barrier performance
Low Level Radioactive Waste Repositories
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Author : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 1999
Low Level Radioactive Waste Repositories written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed.