The Desert Fayum Reinvestigated

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The Desert Fayum Reinvestigated

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Author : Simon J. Holdaway
language : en
Publisher: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press
Release Date : 2017-12-31

The Desert Fayum Reinvestigated written by Simon J. Holdaway and has been published by Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-31 with History categories.

The Neolithic is thought to have arrived in Egypt via diffusion from an origin in southwest Asia, relatively late compared to neighboring locations. The authors suggest an alternative approach to understanding the development of food production in Egypt based on the results of new fieldwork in the Fayum. They provide the results of a detailed study of the Fayum archaeological landscape interpretable at different temporal and spatial scales, using an expanded version of low-level food production to organize observations concerning paleoenvironment, socioeconomy, settlement, and mobility. While domestic plants and animals were indeed introduced from elsewhere, when a number of aspects of the archaeological record are compared, a settlement system is suggested that has no obvious analogues with the Neolithic in southwest Asia. The results obtained from the Fayum are used to assess other contemporary sites in Egypt.

The Desert Fayum

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Author : Gertrude Caton-Thompson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1934

The Desert Fayum written by Gertrude Caton-Thompson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1934 with categories.

Text

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Author : Gertrude Caton-Thompson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1934

Text written by Gertrude Caton-Thompson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1934 with categories.

The Desert Fayum C

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Author : Gertrude Caton Thompson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1934

The Desert Fayum C written by Gertrude Caton Thompson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1934 with categories.

Mobility And Pastoralism In The Egyptian Western Desert Steinpl Tze In The Holocene Regional Settlement Patterns

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Author : Marina Gallinaro
language : en
Publisher: All’Insegna del Giglio
Release Date : 2018-03-15

Mobility And Pastoralism In The Egyptian Western Desert Steinpl Tze In The Holocene Regional Settlement Patterns written by Marina Gallinaro and has been published by All’Insegna del Giglio this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-15 with categories.

This volume presents the results of a long study begun in 2004 within the framework of the Archaeological Mission in the Farafra Oasis of Egypt directed by Barbara Barich and Giulio Lucarini, of the Sapienza University of Rome (now under the auspices of ISMEO). The book focuses on the features known as “Steinplatz-type hearths” and their role in the settlement patterns of the human groups living in the Egyptian Western Desert during the middle and late Holocene. Steinplätze are concentrations of burned and fire-cracked stones that vary in shape and size, and have often been slightly elevated above the present ground level by post-depositional erosion processes. Occurring both as isolated features and in clusters, they are often the only visible structures – or even traces – of ancient settlements. The study of these features is closely interconnected with the mobility strategies of the communities that inhabited this desert region during a period of higher average rainfall than at present but also characterised by significant climate fluctuations, with humid periods interrupted by dry spells and eventually ending in an overall trend towards greater desertification. The use of the Steinplatz-type hearths was most widespread in the second half of the sixth millennium BC, when mobile occupation strategies replaced a more sedentary model. An analysis of the Farafra Oasis Steinplätze is coupled with a general reassessment of the subsistence and mobility models hitherto proposed for the Eastern Sahara, suggesting an integrated occupation system for Farafra itself. The economy of the forager-herders of the middle Holocene, during the climate optimum (6900-5550 cal BC), seems to have relied significantly on herding small livestock, but also on hunting, and likely concentrated on the gathering of wild cereals such as sorghum. During the climate optimum, forms of seasonal stabilisation of the settlement strategy seem to emerge, with the alternating occupation of two different winter and summer villages consisting of clusters of stone-slab huts; short-term task-specific camps, using Steinplätze, logistically completed the system. After this phase, only short-term camps with Steinplätze were occupied. These were probably directly dependent on the wettest areas at the centre of the oases and made use of a tethered exploitation strategy, with brief movements from the central oasis (“daisy-chain” movements). The use strategies of the Steinplatz-type hearths within the mobile settlement system are outlined adopting a clear and immediately assessable model. “Yet although they are among the most distinctive of the Sahara’s archaeological features, Steinplätze have received little systematic attention in recent decades. Marina Gallinaro’s work thus marks a new phase in their study, one that draws them back into discussions of how early livestock-keeping populations in Northeast Africa used the resources and landscapes to the west of the Nile along a trajectory of increasing aridification that eventually culminated in the desert we see today (…) Lucidly written, Gallinaro’s volume will, I believe, help inspire individuals to take up the research agenda she sets out. At a time when so much of the Sahara is off-limits to archaeological fieldwork, it is deeply gratifying to see here yet more evidence of the thoroughness and high quality that have characterized the work of Italian archaeologists in this region of Africa over many decades. The continuing publication of their research, Marina Gallinaro’s included, in the Arid Zone Archaeology monograph series will surely help sustain widespread interest in Saharan archaeology until it becomes possible to excavate and survey again free of current geopolitical restrictions. May that day come soon!” Prof. Peter Mitchell, University of Oxford, UK.

The Oxford Handbook Of Museum Archaeology

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Author : Alice Stevenson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-09-22

The Oxford Handbook Of Museum Archaeology written by Alice Stevenson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-22 with Art categories.

This Handbook provides a transnational reference point for critical engagements with the legacies of, and futures for, global archaeological collections. It challenges the common misconception that museum archaeology is simply a set of procedures for managing and exhibiting assemblages. Instead, this volume advances museum archaeology as an area of reflexive research and practice addressing the critical issues of what gets prioritized by and researched in museums, by whom, how, and why. Through twenty-eight chapters, authors problematize and suggest new ways of thinking about historic, contemporary, and future relationships between archaeological fieldwork and museums, as well as the array of institutional and cultural paradigms through which archaeological enquiries are mediated. Case studies embrace not just archaeological finds, but also archival field notes, photographic media, archaeological samples, and replicas. Throughout, museum activities are put into dialogue with other aspects of archaeological practice, with the aim of situating museum work within a more holistic archaeology that does not privilege excavation or field survey above other aspects of disciplinary engagement. These concerns will be grounded in the realities of museums internationally, including Latin America, Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America, and Europe. In so doing, the common heritage sector refrain 'best practice' is not assumed to solely emanate from developed countries or European philosophies, but instead is considered as emerging from and accommodated within local concerns and diverse museum cultures.

When The Sahara Was Green

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Author : Martin Williams
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2023-11-07

When The Sahara Was Green written by Martin Williams and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-07 with Nature categories.

The little-known history of how the Sahara was transformed from a green and fertile land into the largest hot desert in the world The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world, equal in size to China or the United States. Yet, this arid expanse was once a verdant, pleasant land, fed by rivers and lakes. The Sahara sustained abundant plant and animal life, such as Nile perch, turtles, crocodiles, and hippos, and attracted prehistoric hunters and herders. What transformed this land of lakes into a sea of sands? When the Sahara Was Green describes the remarkable history of Earth’s greatest desert—including why its climate changed, the impact this had on human populations, and how scientists uncovered the evidence for these extraordinary events. From the Sahara’s origins as savanna woodland and grassland to its current arid incarnation, Martin Williams takes us on a vivid journey through time. He describes how the desert’s ancient rocks were first fashioned, how dinosaurs roamed freely across the land, and how it was later covered in tall trees. Along the way, Williams addresses many questions: Why was the Sahara previously much wetter, and will it be so again? Did humans contribute to its desertification? What was the impact of extreme climatic episodes—such as prolonged droughts—upon the Sahara’s geology, ecology, and inhabitants? Williams also shows how plants, animals, and humans have adapted to the Sahara and what lessons we might learn for living in harmony with the harshest, driest conditions in an ever-changing global environment. A valuable look at how an iconic region has changed over millions of years, When the Sahara Was Green reveals the desert’s surprising past to reflect on its present, as well as its possible future.

Climate Changes In The Holocene

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Author : Eustathios Chiotis
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-11-15

Climate Changes In The Holocene written by Eustathios Chiotis and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-15 with Science categories.

This book highlights climate as a complex physical, chemical, biological, and geological system, in perpetual change, under astronomical, predominantly, solar control. It has been shaped to some degree through the past glaciation cycles repeated in the last three million years. The Holocene, the current interglacial epoch which started ca. 11,700 years ago, marks the transition from the Stone Age to the unprecedented cultural evolution of our civilization. Significant climate changes have been recorded in natural archives during the Holocene, including the rapid waning of ice sheets, millennial shifting of the monsoonal fringe in the northern hemisphere, and abrupt centennial events. A typical case of severe environmental change is the greening of Sahara in the Early Holocene and the gradual desertification again since the fifth millennium before present. Climate Changes in the Holocene: Impact, Adaptation, and Resilience investigates the impact of natural climate changes on humans and civilization through case studies from various places, periods, and climates. Earth and human society are approached as a complex system, thereby emphasizing the necessity to improve adaptive capacity in view of the anthropogenic global warming and ecosystem degradation. Features: Written by distinguished experts, the book presents the fundamentals of the climate system, the unparalleled progress achieved in the last decade in the fields of intensified research for improved understanding of the carbon cycle, climate components, and their interaction. Presents the application of paleoclimatology and modeling in climate reconstruction. Examines the new era of satellite-based climate monitoring and the prospects of reduced carbon dioxide emissions.

Egypt 2015 Perspectives Of Research

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Author : Mladen Tomorad
language : en
Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2017-04-30

Egypt 2015 Perspectives Of Research written by Mladen Tomorad and has been published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-30 with Social Science categories.

This volume presents proceedings from the Seventh European Conference of Egyptologists, Zagreb, Croatia 2015.

The Nile Basin

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Author : Martin Williams
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-03

The Nile Basin written by Martin Williams and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-03 with Science categories.

Discusses how prehistoric humans responded to the environmental and climatic changes within the Nile Basin during the past million years.