The Economics Of Pollution Havens
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The Economics Of Pollution Havens
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Author : Don Fullerton
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2006
The Economics Of Pollution Havens written by Don Fullerton and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.
A pollution haven may arise if environmental stringency differs between countries, when capital is mobile, and when trade rules allow firms to relocate and still sell their products to the same customers. This cohesive volume analyzes how country characteristics determine environmental rules, how those rules affect production costs, trade, and investment flows, how those flows affect pollution, prices, and incomes, and finally how all of these last considerations feed back into environmental rules. The sixteen papers collected here represent the most recent and significant advancements of knowledge on the subject. The contributors, all well-known scholars in the area, investigate how polluter location decisions respond to pollution policies, how local environmental rules respond to those location decisions, and how trade liberalization affects the incentives of governments to regulate dirty industries. The volume begins with a comprehensive overview by M. Scott Taylor and goes on to explore how the usual effects of pollution havens can be reversed. Also covered are the ways in which managed trade and trade liberalization, the regulation of multinationals, political stability and emissions controls impact pollution havens. Written for a multidisciplinary audience, The Economics of Pollution Havens will be of interest to those working in the areas of economics, international trade, political science, public policy, and environmental studies.
Moving To Greener Pastures
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Author : Gunnar S. Eskeland
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997
Moving To Greener Pastures written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Contaminacion ambiental categories.
Pollution Havens And Foreign Direct Investment
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Author : Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Pollution Havens And Foreign Direct Investment written by Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Air quality management categories.
The "pollution haven" hypothesis states that multinational firms, particularly those in highly polluting industries, relocate to countries with weak environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, Smarzynska and Wei find only weak evidence in its favor.
Moving To Greener Pastures Multinationals And The Pollution Haven Hypothesis
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Author : Gunnar S. Eskeland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Moving To Greener Pastures Multinationals And The Pollution Haven Hypothesis written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Eskeland and Harrison find almost no evidence that investors in developing countries are fleeing environmental costs at home. Instead, the evidence suggests that foreign-owned plants in four developing countries are less polluting than comparable domestic plants.Are multinationals flocking to pollution havens in developing countries? Using data from four developing countries (Cocirc;te d`Ivoire, Mexico, Morocco, and Venezuela), Eskeland and Harrison examine the pattern of foreign investment. They find almost no evidence that foreign investors are concentrated in dirty sectors.They also examine the behavior of multinationals doing business in these four countries, testing whether there is any tendency for foreign firms to pollute more or less than their host-country counterparts. To do this, they use consumption of energy and dirty fuels as a proxy for pollution intensity. They find that foreign plants in these four developing countries are significantly more energy-efficient and use cleaner types of energy than their domestic counterparts.Eskeland and Harrison conclude with an analysis of U.S. outbound investment between 1982 and 1994. They reject the hypothesis that the pattern of U.S. foreign investment is skewed toward industries in which the cost of pollution abatement is high.This paper - a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze environmental policy problems. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Pollution and the Choice of Economic Policy Instruments in Developing Countries (RPO 676-78).
Trade And The Environment
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Author : Brian R. Copeland
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2005-08-07
Trade And The Environment written by Brian R. Copeland and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Nowhere has the divide between advocates and critics of globalization been more striking than in debates over free trade and the environment. And yet the literature on the subject is high on rhetoric and low on results. This book is the first to systematically investigate the subject using both economic theory and empirical analysis. Brian Copeland and Scott Taylor establish a powerful theoretical framework for examining the impact of international trade on local pollution levels, and use it to offer a uniquely integrated treatment of the links between economic growth, liberalized trade, and the environment. The results will surprise many. The authors set out the two leading theories linking international trade to environmental outcomes, develop the empirical implications, and examine their validity using data on measured sulfur dioxide concentrations from over 100 cities worldwide during the period from 1971 to 1986. The empirical results are provocative. For an average country in the sample, free trade is good for the environment. There is little evidence that developing countries will specialize in pollution-intensive products with further trade. In fact, the results suggest just the opposite: free trade will shift pollution-intensive goods production from poor countries with lax regulation to rich countries with tight regulation, thereby lowering world pollution. The results also suggest that pollution declines amid economic growth fueled by economy-wide technological progress but rises when growth is fueled by capital accumulation alone. Lucidly argued and authoritatively written, this book will provide students and researchers of international trade and environmental economics a more reliable way of thinking about this contentious issue, and the methodological tools with which to do so.
Assessing The Economic Impacts Of Environmental Policies Evidence From A Decade Of Oecd Research
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2021-05-17
Assessing The Economic Impacts Of Environmental Policies Evidence From A Decade Of Oecd Research written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-17 with categories.
Over the past decades, governments have gradually adopted more rigorous environmental policies to tackle challenges associated with pressing environmental issues, such as climate change. The ambition of these policies is, however, often tempered by their perceived negative effects on the economy.
Racing To The Bottom Foreign Investment And Air Pollution In Developing Countries
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Author : David Wheeler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Racing To The Bottom Foreign Investment And Air Pollution In Developing Countries written by David Wheeler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Critics of free trade have raised the specter of a race to the bottom, in which environmental standards collapse because polluters threaten to relocate to pollution havens in the developing world. The flaw in the race-to-the-bottom model is that its basic assumptions misrepresent the political economy of pollution control in developing countries.Critics of free trade have raised the specter of a race to the bottom, in which environmental standards collapse because polluters threaten to relocate to pollution havens in the developing world. Proponents of this view advocate high, globally uniform standards enforced by punitive trade measures that neutralize the cost advantage of would-be pollution havens. To test the race-to-the-bottom model, Wheeler analyzes recent air quality trends in the United States and in Brazil, China, and Mexico, the three largest recipients of foreign investment in the developing world.The evidence clearly contradicts the model's central prediction. The most dangerous form of air pollution - suspended particulate matter - has actually declined in major cities in all four countries during the era of globalization.Citing recent research, Wheeler argues that the race-to-the-bottom model is flawed because its basic assumptions misrepresent the political economy of pollution control in developing countries.He proposes a more realistic model, in which low-income societies serve their own long-run interests by reducing pollution. He concludes with recommendations for international assistance measures that can improve environmental quality without counterproductive enforcement of uniform standards and trade sanctions.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the economics of pollution control in developing countries. Please contact David Wheeler, room MC2-529, telephone 202-473-3401, fax 202-522-3230, email address [email protected].
Racing To The Bottom
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Author : David Wheeler
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Racing To The Bottom written by David Wheeler and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Air categories.
Critics of free trade have raised the specter of a "race to the bottom" in which environmental standards collapse because polluters threaten to relocate to "pollution havens" in the developing world. The flaw in the race-to-the-bottom model is that its basic assumptions misrepresent the political economy of pollution control in developing countries
Economic Development And Environmental Sustainability
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Author : Ramón López
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-06-29
Economic Development And Environmental Sustainability written by Ramón López and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Economic growth as we know it today cannot persist indefinitely if it entails continuous degradation of natural resources and the environment. While in a few countries around the world it appears that environmental degradation has been the result of rapid economic growth, in the vast majority of the developing countries the environment has been equally spoiled despite slow or even negative economic growth. This book provides new insights on the common roots of economic stagnation, poverty and environmental degradation which, unfortunately, generally reside in misguided government policies and priorities. By doing this, the volume seeks to provide a broader policy option framework than those found in conventional policy analyses, mainly dominated by the "Washington Consensus". It shows that a major omission of the conventional view is that governments tend to allocate government expenditures in a biased way favouring subsidies to the economic elites to the detriment of investments in public goods, including human capital, R&D, as well as the development of institutions (environmental and otherwise), which are vital for long run growth, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability.
The Economic Theory Of Pollution Control
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Author : Paul Burrows
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press
Release Date : 1980
The Economic Theory Of Pollution Control written by Paul Burrows and has been published by Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Science categories.
This book makes the theory accessible to a wider range of economics students and to researchers in disciplines such as engineering, urban, and environmental studies who need a nontechnical introduction to the economic analysis of pollution.