The Effect Of Caffeine Consumption On Mortality In Hypertensive Individuals
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The Effect Of Caffeine Consumption On Mortality In Hypertensive Individuals
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Author : Jeanne Louise Brakebill Martin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
The Effect Of Caffeine Consumption On Mortality In Hypertensive Individuals written by Jeanne Louise Brakebill Martin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Hypertension categories.
The effect of caffeine consumption on mortality was evaluated in a historical cohort study of 10064 hypertensive individuals participating in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP) from 1973 to 1979. The study cohort was stratified into caffeine consumption groups (none, low, medium and high) based on their total level of caffeine intake from beverages (coffee and tea) and certain medications at the One-year follow-up home visit. Stratification was also made by sex, race, type of care and age. The total relative risks (RRs) when computed across strata for each caffeine consumer group (low, medium and high) were not significantly different when compared to the noncaffeine consumer group for all-cause or cause-specific mortality rates. The point estimates and 95 per cent confidence intervals for relative risks of all-cause mortality when compared to nonconsumers were as follows: Low = 0.82 (0.65-1.03), Medium: = 0.82 (0.62-1.82) and High = 0.90 (0.63-1.28). For all sex, race combinations there was an increase in the per cent of current smokers within each caffeine consumer group as the level of caffeine consumption increased. Cigarette smoking was an important confounder correlated with caffeine consumption and associated with mortality in this cohort. When confounding by cigarette smoking was adjusted for in the analysis, no association was found between the level of caffeine consumption and all-cause or cause-specific mortality.
Caffeine In Food And Dietary Supplements
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Author : Leslie A. Pray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Caffeine In Food And Dietary Supplements written by Leslie A. Pray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Health & Fitness categories.
Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in August 2013 to review the available science on safe levels of caffeine consumption in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements and to identify data gaps. Scientists with expertise in food safety, nutrition, pharmacology, psychology, toxicology, and related disciplines; medical professionals with pediatric and adult patient experience in cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry; public health professionals; food industry representatives; regulatory experts; and consumer advocates discussed the safety of caffeine in food and dietary supplements, including, but not limited to, caffeinated beverage products, and identified data gaps. Caffeine, a central nervous stimulant, is arguably the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world. Occurring naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves, cola nuts and cocoa pods, caffeine has been part of innumerable cultures for centuries. But the caffeine-in-food landscape is changing. There are an array of new caffeine-containing energy products, from waffles to sunflower seeds, jelly beans to syrup, even bottled water, entering the marketplace. Years of scientific research have shown that moderate consumption by healthy adults of products containing naturally-occurring caffeine is not associated with adverse health effects. The changing caffeine landscape raises concerns about safety and whether any of these new products might be targeting populations not normally associated with caffeine consumption, namely children and adolescents, and whether caffeine poses a greater health risk to those populations than it does for healthy adults. This report delineates vulnerable populations who may be at risk from caffeine exposure; describes caffeine exposure and risk of cardiovascular and other health effects on vulnerable populations, including additive effects with other ingredients and effects related to pre-existing conditions; explores safe caffeine exposure levels for general and vulnerable populations; and identifies data gaps on caffeine stimulant effects.
Caffeine For The Sustainment Of Mental Task Performance
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-01-07
Caffeine For The Sustainment Of Mental Task Performance written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-07 with Medical categories.
This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.
Committee On Military Nutrition Research
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-08-04
Committee On Military Nutrition Research written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-08-04 with Medical categories.
The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.
Pediatric Nephrology
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Author : Ellis D. Avner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-08-20
Pediatric Nephrology written by Ellis D. Avner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-20 with Medical categories.
Here is an extensive update of Pediatric Nephrology, which has become the standard reference text in the field. It is global in perspective and reflects the international group of editors, who are well-recognized experts in pediatric nephrology. Within this text, the development of kidney structure and function is followed by detailed and comprehensive chapters on all childhood kidney diseases.
Risk Assessment Of Caffeine Among Children And Adolescents In The Nordic Countries
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2008
Risk Assessment Of Caffeine Among Children And Adolescents In The Nordic Countries written by and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Caffeine categories.
Caffeine And Activation Theory
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Author : Barry D. Smith
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-10-25
Caffeine And Activation Theory written by Barry D. Smith and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-25 with Medical categories.
The virtually universal popularity of caffeine, together with concerns about its potential pathogenic effects, have made it one of the most extensively studied drugs in history. However, despite the massive scientific literature on this important substance, most reviews have either focused on limited areas of study or been produced in popular form
Nutrition Guide For Physicians And Related Healthcare Professionals
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Author : Norman J. Temple
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-03-31
Nutrition Guide For Physicians And Related Healthcare Professionals written by Norman J. Temple and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-31 with Medical categories.
This second edition volume is a desktop reference guide on nutrition and its clinical implications for health and disease. Presented in a new softcover format and user-friendly style, it serves as a valuable resource of practical information on nutrition for physicians and other healthcare professionals in their daily practice. The book covers all important aspects of nutrition including basic nutritional principles, nutrition through the lifecycle and optimal nutrition patterns through all stages of development, and diet and its role in prevention, cause, and treatment of disease. Nutrition Guide for Physicians and Related Healthcare Professionals is thoroughly updated from its predecessor, Nutrition Guide for Physicians and provides a wide perspective of the impact that nutrition has upon medical practice and will be an indispensable resource for primary care physicians and other medical professionals.
Dietary Reference Intakes For Water Potassium Sodium Chloride And Sulfate
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-06-18
Dietary Reference Intakes For Water Potassium Sodium Chloride And Sulfate written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-18 with Medical categories.
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages, and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.
Coffee
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Author : Yi-Fang Chu
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-03-27
Coffee written by Yi-Fang Chu and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Coffee: Emerging Health Benefits and Disease Prevention presents a comprehensive overview of the recent scientific advances in the field. The book focuses on the following topics: coffee constituents; pro- and antioxidant properties of coffee constituents; bioavailability of coffee constituents; health benefits and disease prevention effects of coffee; and potential negative impacts on health. Multiple chapters describe coffee's positive impact on health and various diseases: type 2 diabetes; neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's); cancer (prostate, bladder, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, colon and colorectal); cardiovascular health; and liver health. Coffee's positive effects on mood, suicide rate and cognitive performance are addressed as are the negative health impacts of coffee on pregnancy, insulin sensitivity, dehydration, gastric irritation, anxiety, and withdrawal syndrome issues. Written by many of the top researchers in the world, Coffee: Emerging Health Benefits and Disease Prevention is a must-have reference for food professionals in academia, industry, and governmental and regulatory agencies whose work involves coffee.