The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Orientation On Financial Performance Of Firms
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The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Orientation On Financial Performance Of Firms
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Author : Belinda Jane Owusu
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2022-09-07
The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Orientation On Financial Performance Of Firms written by Belinda Jane Owusu and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 4.07, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (School of Business), course: Bsc Accounting, language: English, abstract: The study examined the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on financial performance of SMEs using selected small and medium scale enterprises. The population of the study is made up of SMEs owner/managers of the metropolis. The study was done using an overall sample size of 120 SMEs owner/managers out of which 118 responses were received which constitute 98.3% response rate. Respondents were chosen using both purposive and convenient sampling techniques. The software utilized in data analysis was Statistical Package for Social Science version 20, and data was interpreted using regression, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Risk-taking propensity, innovativeness, and competitive aggressiveness (independent variables) were found to have a significant effect on financial performance of SMEs (dependent variable). This research will educate enterprise managers and entrepreneurs in numerous industries on the elements that influence entrepreneurial behavior, improve company performance, and assist the growth and development of their businesses at the firm level. The research will also give senior executive and management personnel at company’s access to the resources they need to make long-term decisions, allowing them to improve their competitive postures and capacities by improving their financial performance. Another important value of this research is that the findings will give information to the government that can be utilized as inputs for policy creation related to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation. This research will add to the existing body of knowledge by presenting a fresh scenario and dimensions for bridging the gap in entrepreneurial success in developing countries.
Impact Of Entrepreneurial Orientation On Financial Performance Of Lebanese Firms
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Author : Christelle Abou Fayad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Impact Of Entrepreneurial Orientation On Financial Performance Of Lebanese Firms written by Christelle Abou Fayad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The aim of this thesis is to test the relation between the Entrepreneurial orientation of a firm's top manager and the financial performance of the Lebanese companies and how the managerial power can moderate this relationship. In that aim we elaborated four hypotheses. The first hypothesis indicated that Entrepreneurial orientation is positively correlated with financial performance. The second suggested that the educational power moderates positively the impact level of EO on firm performance. The third proposed that Structural power moderates negatively the level of EO impact on firm performance. And the fourth hypothesis stated that the Expert power moderates positively the level of EO impact on firm performance. In order to authenticate our hypothesis, we collected primary data by using quantitative method. Therefore, we completed an inquiry by surveying seventy Lebanese companies through a questionnaire formed by closed semi closed and unipolar questions. The results of the empirical study led us to conclude that by looking at EO as a uni-dimensional construct no relation were significant between the EO and financial performance but when looking at it as a multidimensional construct a very low significance appear at the level of innovativeness and proactivness and firm performance. As for the moderating effect of managerial power the results did not prove a clear improvement when testing each type of power. The fundamental reason to the results stated is that the Lebanese companies are highly family oriented.
Conceptual And Theoretical Approaches To Corporate Social Responsibility Entrepreneurial Orientation And Financial Performance
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Author : Paiva, Inna Sousa
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2020-02-28
Conceptual And Theoretical Approaches To Corporate Social Responsibility Entrepreneurial Orientation And Financial Performance written by Paiva, Inna Sousa and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the last few years, we have witnessed the enormous success of corporate social responsibility and business all over the world. These developments, including those in which governments foster both growth through entrepreneurship and achievement of sustainable development by creating tools for worldwide impact to reconcile business interests with the demands of communities, have been unequivocal concerning job and wealth creation. Replacing short-term visions, however, has become instrumental to business success throughout the industry. Conceptual and Theoretical Approaches to Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Financial Performance is a pivotal reference source that explores corporate social responsibility through the lens of entrepreneurship and firm performance in an effort to change the approach towards long-term growth. While highlighting topics such as risk management, stewardship theory, and CEO duality, this publication explores contributions to societal welfare and methods of business creation. This book is ideally designed for managers, executives, human resources professionals, entrepreneurs, developers, academicians, researchers, industry professionals, and students.
Financial Determinants Of High Growth Companies
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Author : Blaž Frešer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-13
Financial Determinants Of High Growth Companies written by Blaž Frešer and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-13 with Business & Economics categories.
This book explores the factors that contribute to high corporate growth, presenting a new conceptual model for research into this phenomenon. Building on existing research, the authors present a new conceptual research model that links multidimensional variables, such as entrepreneurial orientation, and human capital, with the perceived availability of different forms of financing for high-growth companies and with the measures that these firms take to overcome financial constraints and thus influence their financial performance. With this model the authors aim to enhance our understanding of the specifics of financing high growth companies and demonstrate how the availability of financial resources is one of the most important determinants of promoting development and enterprise growth. Empirically tested on a random sample of high-growth companies from Slovenia, the book seeks to make a contribution to research and enhance our understanding of the various factors involved in high growth firms.
Family Business And Regional Development
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Author : Rodrigo Basco
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-04-07
Family Business And Regional Development written by Rodrigo Basco and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This book explores the relationship between families, firms, and regions and the extent to which these relationships contribute to regional economic and social development. Although family business participation in economic activities has been a common phenomenon since pre-industrial societies, and its importance has evolved throughout time and across spatial contexts, the book suggests that these factors have often been neglected in family business and regional studies. Taking this research gap into account, the book aims to deepen our understanding of the role family firms play in the regional economy. In particular, it explores two seldom studied questions. Firstly, what role do family firms play in regional development? Secondly, how do different spatial regional contexts shape family firm operations and performance? Family Business and Regional Development presents a model of "spatial familiness" and uses themes such as productivity, networks and competitiveness to shed new light on family businesses. Moreover, it approaches the juxtaposition between family business and regional studies to encourage the cross-fertilisation of ideas, theories, and research methods between the two fields. Bringing together leading experts in entrepreneurship, regional economics, and economic geography, this book will be a valuable reading for advanced students, researchers and policymakers interested in family firms, regional studies and economic geography.
The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Orientation On The Financial Performance Of A South African Engineering Firm
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Author : Joseph Tebogo Mahlangu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Orientation On The Financial Performance Of A South African Engineering Firm written by Joseph Tebogo Mahlangu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Business enterprises categories.
New Challenges In Entrepreneurship And Finance
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Author : Marta Peris-Ortiz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-24
New Challenges In Entrepreneurship And Finance written by Marta Peris-Ortiz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Since the 2008 economic crisis, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have faced serious financial problems and have been looking to financial institutions and governments for solutions and new proposals to address these issues. This book examines the new challenge in which firms receive sustainable funding that is in alignment with the company’s spending capacity. The purpose of this book is to examine the main theoretical issues and practices regarding entrepreneurship and finance and their impact on performance, innovation and economic growth. It analyzes the fundamental aspects of entrepreneurship and studies ways in which financial institutions can better fulfill their primary function of feeding capital to businesses and the economy as a whole. Entrepreneurship and finance are fundamental to achieving success in economic and social activities. SMEs’ existence and development depend on the initiatives of entrepreneurship and access to resources, especially those of a financial nature. During the recent economic crisis, several new financing instruments have appeared, especially with structures designed for helping SMEs make their way out of the recession. This book explores some of these tools in various global economies, such as France and Spain, providing an international, multidimensional perspective.
Examining The Performance Effects Of Corporate Entrepreneurship
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2024-06-05
Examining The Performance Effects Of Corporate Entrepreneurship written by and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2024 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, University of Paderborn (Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften), language: English, abstract: The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to investigate the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship (CE) (i.e., innovation, strategic renewal, and corporate venturing) and firm performance (i.e., financial, non-financial, subjective, and objective). For this purpose, a meta-analysis is performed, analyzing prior literature findings regarding the CE-performance relationship of 76 independent samples. The results indicate that innovation, strategic renewal, and corporate venturing each have a significant positive impact on firm performance. Results also suggest that the CE-performance relationship is stronger, when performance is assessed subjectively, as opposed to objectively. In addition to this, a moderator analysis is conducted, to evaluate whether the relationships vary between the firms’ country of origin. Results show that innovation, strategic renewal, and corporate venturing have a stronger effect on performance in Asian countries, than in European or American countries. Those findings are discussed and embedded in current literature. Lastly, practical implications and limitations are discussed. Diese Bachelorarbeit untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Corporate Entrepreneurship (Innovation, Strategic Renewal, Corporate Venturing) und Unternehmensleistung (finanziell, nicht-finanziell, subjektiv, objektiv) mittels einer Meta-Analyse von 76 Studien. Zudem wird analysiert, ob diese Beziehungen je nach Herkunftsland des Unternehmens variieren. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung werden im Kontext der aktuellen Literatur diskutiert und praktische Implikationen sowie Einschränkungen aufgezeigt.
Understanding The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Orientation And Innovation Capability On Firm Performance
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Author : Deepak Kaushal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Understanding The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Orientation And Innovation Capability On Firm Performance written by Deepak Kaushal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Numerous studies in the strategy literature have investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance (Rauch, Wiklund, Lumpkin & Freese, 2009; Saeed, Yousafzai & Engelen, 2014). The present study is an attempt to examine the relationship amongst entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and SMEs performance. The researchers distributed 500 questionnaires to SMEs from various industries. The study was carried out among entrepreneurs of SMEs across Uttarakhand. Sample was drawn from the list of firms" published by Directorate of Industries, Uttarakhand using random sampling technique. Of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 234 respondents filled the questionnaire, constituting the response rate of 46.8 percent. The findings demonstrate a positive and significant impact of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capability on SMEs performance. The present study empirically demonstrates the importance of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capability in enhancing SMEs performance. The study advocates that entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capability paves the way to analyze market needs and facilitates firm's processes and operations to effectively cater to the market, and eventually contributes to better performance. The study further advocates that in order to improve SMEs performance, the firms must pay serious attention to having an entrepreneurial orientation and directing this orientation towards matching the market needs with firm's internal capability in order to enhance its performance. The study also offers a holistic view on the importance of innovation capability in enhancing SMEs performance in developing countries like India.
Entrepreneurial Strategies For Value Creation In Times Of Uncertainty
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Author : Wojciech Dyduch
language : en
Publisher: Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Release Date : 2024-01-01
Entrepreneurial Strategies For Value Creation In Times Of Uncertainty written by Wojciech Dyduch and has been published by Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Entrepreneurial (re)orientation in the face of crisis: Is it worth modifying entrepreneurial strategy? Abstract PURPOSE: This article aims to determine how companies in the SME sector modify their business strategies in response to changes in the external environment. The research focused on modifications to entrepreneurial strategies expressed through the fundamental dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO): risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. Additionally, it identified which types of reactions (modifications in strategies) lead to the most favorable changes in firm performance. The external environment was determined based on the market situation that resulted from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: This is quantitative research. The study utilized data from 126 small printing businesses operating throughout Poland. Analyses were conducted on the data that reflected modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors and performance during three periods: the pre-crisis period, the initial phase of the crisis (the full lockdown period), and the second phase of the crisis (the period of easing the restrictions). The identification of the behavior types was carried out using cluster analysis. FINDINGS: The results of the research led to the conclusion that, with a change in market conditions, companies significantly change their levels of EO. In particular, the surveyed companies reduced their levels of EO during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, this decrease was mainly due to significant decreases in risk-taking. The levels of EO increased when the conditions improved due to significant increases in innovativeness and proactiveness. Moreover, the analysis enabled the identification of four types of reactions to the emergence of the crisis as well as three types of reactions to the improvement of the external conditions that resulted from the easing of restrictions and the introduction of anti-crisis support measures for businesses. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the type of reaction had a significant impact on the changes in the performances of the examined companies. In particular, it was shown that the lowest decline in performance during the initial phase of crisis could be observed in passive enterprises, i.e., those that did not modify their entrepreneurial strategies (did not alter their levels of individual dimensions of EO). The greatest increase in performance was achieved during the period of easing restrictions by those companies that significantly enhanced their activities across all of the considered dimensions of EO. IMPLICATIONS: The research results provided insights for entrepreneurs in strategic management. Specifically, they learned about the modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors that could lead to the most favorable and optimal improvements in a firm’s performance when market conditions change. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The study contributes to the literature concerning reactions to changes in market conditions. This innovative approach considers dynamics where the changes themselves are variables. In particular, this research identifies types of entrepreneurial reactions to market condition changes in terms of dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, it provides an answer to how firm performance evolved regarding various reaction types (using the example of the printing industry). Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation, crisis management strategies, strategy adaptation, strategy modification, business strategy, risk-taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, crisis, COVID-19, external environment, small businesses, firm performance, cluster analysis, entrepreneurial behavior Redefining rural entrepreneurship: The impact of business ecosystems on the success of rural businesses in Extremadura, Spain Abstract PURPOSE: Regarding the growth of public policies fostering rural entrepreneurship, the primary objectives of this work involve examining the concept of rural entrepreneurship, identifying key aspects that differentiate it from non-rural entrepreneurship, and assessing the role of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem in supporting the initiation and growth of rural ventures. To achieve these goals, the study adopts a novel approach by integrating an analysis of rural entrepreneurship features with an exploration of the entrepreneurial ecosystem’s impact. METHODOLOGY: After a review of the previous academic literature, the characteristics of rural entrepreneurship have been delimited, distinguishing it from non-rural. The research results have been obtained using a questionnaire, after a descriptive analysis of the sample, and an analysis of the difference in means by contrasting hypotheses using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. FINDINGS: This article explores the factors that contribute to rural entrepreneurship, challenging the notion that geographic location is the sole defining characteristic. Through the conducted investigation, it has been determined that a company’s classification as rural is not solely based on its geographical location in rural areas or involvement in primary sector activities. Other aspects, such as a strong connection with the local community or the ability to create value, are also essential in defining a rural enterprise. Additionally, it examines how business ecosystems can foster the growth and success of rural entrepreneurship. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides an analysis of how rural entrepreneurship can drive endogenous development in rural areas. It also offers insights for government entities and policymakers to implement effective support measures and strategies in business ecosystems within rural environments. This study highlights that the resources found in rural entrepreneurial ecosystems may not be sufficient to support rural entrepreneurship. It’s important to acknowledge that rural entrepreneurship requires specific resources that may not currently be available in business ecosystems. To increase the number of viable rural businesses, new resources tailored to rural entrepreneurship must be created, leveraging the area’s endogenous resources and growth models. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study examines the distinctive attributes of rural entrepreneurship, with a deliberate departure from exclusive emphasis on geographical location or primary economic sector. Drawing upon empirical research conducted among a cohort of rural enterprises, the analysis reveals that neither physical location nor primary sector affiliation substantially contribute to the establishment of these rural businesses. Instead, a profound connection to, and a heightened sense of belonging within the rural milieu emerge as pivotal determinants. Furthermore, rural entrepreneurship emerges as a promising avenue for the development of the region, offering substantial growth prospects. The investigation encompasses a scrutiny of the resources within the rural business ecosystem and their capacity to stimulate rural entrepreneurial activity. This emerging focal point represents a novel field of concern for governmental bodies and political institutions operating in rural areas. Keywords: entrepreneurship, rural entrepreneurship, business ecosystems, rural business success, entrepreneurial ecosystem, rural development strategies, endogenous development, rural ventures, geographic location impact, local community engagement, policy implementation for rural areas, value creation, embeddedness Making of intrapreneurial managers: Investigating unethical behavior, risk-taking, and decision-making speed as antecedents Abstract PURPOSE: The entrepreneurship-ethics nexus draws considerable interest from researchers and practitioners with little resolution. Our purpose with this paper is to contribute to the debate by shedding light on the relationship between managers’ attitudes toward unethical behavior and their subsequent entrepreneurial intention (EI) in an emerging economy context. Given the complex and multifaceted interplay between unethical behavior and EI, we extend our investigation by including decision-making speed and attitude toward risk to explain the relationship further. We take a granular approach to facets of unethical behavior to gain deeper insights into the specificity of influences they pose on subsequent behavioral intentions. METHODOLOGY: Primary data were collected from 214 Kosovan managers employed in companies from different industries. Hypothesized relationships were tested by conducting hierarchical regression analyses. FINDINGS: Our results indicate that managers with higher EI are not necessarily unethical overall. We did not find support for the hypothesis that managers with stronger attitudes toward unethical behavior demonstrate higher entrepreneurial intentions. Focusing on dimensions of unethical behavior, we find that managers who favor bribery are more entrepreneurially inclined. Furthermore, we find that managers who are quick decision-makers and risk-takers express higher EI. IMPLICATIONS: Theoretically, we add to the existing body of research on ethics and entrepreneurship by empirically examining the relationship between attitude toward unethical behavior and EI and the viability of the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework for integrating unethical behavior in entrepreneurship research. Our study affirms the extension of the theoretical and empirical underpinnings concerning ethics and entrepreneurship, contemplating that they are pervasive across contexts. We provide important practical implications for managers, especially in the corporate entrepreneurship and training context. Managers are encouraged to foster an entrepreneurial-friendly environment that abides by ethical standards. Our study also informs policymakers of the importance of formal education on entrepreneurship as a mechanism to enforce ethical awareness in future entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study is among the first attempts to test the relationship between unethical behavior and EI in a managerial sample and non-western context. Keywords: entrepreneurial intention, unethical behavior, bribery, risk-taking, decision-making speed, intrapreneurial managers, entrepreneurship-ethics nexus, hierarchic regression analysis, corporate entrepreneurship, theory of planned behavior, ethical standards, entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial agility and organizational performance of IT firms: A mediated moderation model Abstract PURPOSE: The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector is playing an important role in the growth of the world`s economy. However, limited knowledge exists concerning the underlying mechanisms and boundary-spanning conditions under which entrepreneurial agility (EA) affects the organizational performance (OP) of IT firms. This study draws on the Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT) to examine the effect of entrepreneurial agility (EA) on the organizational performance (OP) of Italian IT firms with the mediating role of open innovation (OI) and the moderating role of environmental dynamism (ED). METHODOLOGY: Employing an explanatory research design and convenience sampling technique via an online survey to gather data from a sample of 411 Italian IT firms, the study tested the formulated hypotheses using the structural equation modeling technique in AMOS statistical software. FINDINGS: The results revealed that EA, directly and indirectly, influences OP of IT firms. Moreover, the mediation analysis unveils that OI plays a complementary, partial mediation role in the EA—OP nexus. Finally, ED moderates this focal relationship, such that in the presence of high environmental dynamism, the relationship between EA and OP gets stronger compared to low environmental dynamism. IMPLICATIONS: The findings imply that IT firms should emphasize adopting agile procedures and structures that allow them to react to new problems and opportunities swiftly by building a culture of innovation through the adoption of OI strategies (inbound, outbound, and coupled) to tap into the broader range of expertise and resources in the business environment. To improve the link between OI and OP, managers should prioritize building relationships with external partners, such as customers, suppliers, and academic institutions. IT firms should also prioritize building a diverse and inclusive workforce that can bring diverse perspectives and experiences to the innovation process to enhance their innovation capabilities and create products and services that better meet the needs of customers. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The study´s value lies in extending the ongoing scholarly discussion on the nexus between EA and OP by exploring OI as an intermediary mechanism that connects EA, OP, and ED as a boundary-spanning condition that moderates the focal relationship. This research highlights the interplay between EA, OI, ED, and OP, using the DCT as a theoretical foundation. It is the first to examine such interrelationships in the IT sector. In addition, the study provides new insight for researchers focusing on the information technology (IT) sector. Keywords: entrepreneurial agility, organizational performance, IT firms, dynamic capability theory, open innovation, environmental dynamism, mediated moderation model, structural equation modeling, information and communication, technology sector, innovation management Decoding startup failures in Indian startups: Insights from Interpretive Structural Modeling and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification Abstract PURPOSE: Start-ups are widely acknowledged as crucial catalysts for innovation and drivers of economic progress. However, their vulnerability to failure continues to pose a persistent and significant obstacle. In light of this, the study intends to ascertain the various elements responsible for the elevated incidence of start-up failures and examine their contextual associations. It further aims to establish the hierarchical structure and identify the crucial factors of start-up failure. METHODOLOGY: The paper uses the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach to determine the structural hierarchy and interconnections among the causes of start-up failures identified through the comprehensive analysis of existing literature and experts’ opinions. MICMAC (Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification) analysis is also being utilized to categorize these identified failure causes into autonomous, independent, dependent, and linking factors by their driving and dependency powers. FINDINGS: A structural framework depicting the interrelationships among the factors has been derived, showing the failure factor, ‘poor market positioning’ factor at the highest level, and the ‘lack of entrepreneurial efficiency’ at the lowest level of the model. The results also revealed that lack of entrepreneurial efficiency, poor management, and external environmental issues are the most significant independent factors upon which all other failure factors rely. It also categorizes ‘poor market positioning’ as the dependent factor, signifying its passive role in the failure of start-ups. IMPLICATIONS: As previous literature has discussed the various factors responsible for the failure of start-ups in isolation, the current study fills out the gap in the literature by establishing linkages among those factors. The study’s insights emphasize the value of effective management teams and entrepreneurial skills in averting start-up failures. It highlights the importance of skill development and mentorship to enhance the capabilities of entrepreneurs and their teams. Furthermore, the research indicates that policymakers and support groups can create focus initiatives addressing issues like market validation, team dynamics, and financial management to enhance the start-up environment. These initiatives may encompass entrepreneurship training, financial assistance, and mentorship through the ‘Start-up India’ Program, Bharat Fund platform, etc. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Previous studies on entrepreneurial failure are based on AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process), content analysis, and quality management methodologies. This is potentially the first study using the ISM-MICMAC approach that explores the complex world of start-up failures in India and illustrates the relative influence and interdependence of various failure factors of start-ups through a hierarchical model. Keywords: start-ups, failure factors, start-up failures, Interpretive Structural Modeling, ISM, Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification, MICMAC, entrepreneurial efficiency, market positioning, management competency, external environmental issues, failure prevention strategies, Indian, entrepreneurship skill development. The effectiveness of agile leadership in practice: A comprehensive meta-analysis of empirical studies on organizational outcomes Abstract PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic and the digital transformation have hastened the demand for enterprises to be more flexible and adaptive in a fast-changing environment, making agile leadership a prominent business trend. Agile leadership improves innovation efficiency, employee performance, and team effectiveness. However, there is limited research on agile leadership’s effects on organizational outcomes. Thus, this study provides a meta-analytic review of the impact of agile leadership on organizational outcomes that cover various common dimensions like operational, employee, customer, financial, and social environments. METHODOLOGY: The study has two phases: the first phase performs bibliometric literature analysis, and the second phase performs meta-analysis. In the bibliometric literature analysis, 74 articles that were published between 2004 and 2023 were identified from Scopus and Google Scholar, and their type of publication, year of publication, countries involved in agile leadership research, keywords involved, and their association are examined. For the meta-analysis, 24 articles that performed empirical research were chosen from which the various independent and dependent variables studies, along with their standard regression coefficients (𝛽) and correlation coefficients (𝛾) that represent the relationship between agile leadership or agile leaders and that of other factors, were extracted and examined. FINDINGS: The study found that there was a significant rise in publications on agile leadership after 2020, and Turkey, the United States, and Indonesia were involved more than other countries. Moreover, agile leadership is studied more in terms of operational outcomes and employee outcomes. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that agile leadership has a strong relationship with factors like interpersonal trust (𝛽=0.93), organizational performance (𝛽=0.90), organizational effectiveness (𝛽=0.89), individual career success (𝛽=0.89) and innovation management (𝛽=0.81). Thus, it is clear that agile leadership has a stronger impact on operational outcomes than employee outcomes. Agile leadership characteristics such as digital innovation, trust, competency, result orientation, and wisdom are significant for organizational growth, team collaboration, team effectiveness, and organizational innovation. IMPLICATIONS: Identifying agile leadership concepts helps assess the progress of empirical research, improve leadership theories and models, and identify potential growth opportunities. The success of agile leadership depends on factors like a company’s culture, industry, and size, and this can be studied further. Furthermore, organizations may need to adjust their strategies on customer service, financial management, and investment so that they better reflect the values of agile leadership. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study classifies numerous different research models that shed light on the efficiency of agile leadership based on a comprehensive literature review that serves as the basis for this study. In addition, this study identifies potential problem areas that need to be fixed, and as a result, it makes a contribution to the research on agile leadership. Keywords: agile leadership, organizational outcomes, operational outcome, employee outcome, interpersonal trust, leadership practice, organizational performance, meta-analysis, digital transformation, innovation management, employee performance, interpersonal trust, team effectiveness, COVID-19, strategic flexibility Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, innovative co-branding partnership, and business performance Abstract PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), innovative co-branding partnership, and business performance. EO was analyzed through five dimensions: innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy. METHODOLOGY: As part of the first phase of brand management research, the quantitative survey was conducted in June 2023 among managers of companies operating in Poland using an online questionnaire. 280 responses were obtained, of which 266 questionnaires were qualified for further calculations. Incomplete questionnaires were eliminated. Hypotheses were formulated regarding the positive impact of the five dimensions of EO (innovation, proactivity, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) on business performance and innovative co-branding partnership, and the positive impact of innovative co-branding partnership on business performance. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was applied to support the conceptual framework and proposed hypotheses. The calculations were performed in Smart PLS version 4.0.9.5. FINDINGS: The results indicate that three EO dimensions (innovativeness, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness) influence business performance. There was no effect of risk-taking and autonomy on business performance. In addition, three EO dimensions (innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) influence innovative co-branding partnership. No effect of risk-taking and proactivity was found on innovative co-branding partnership. This means that two EO dimensions (innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness) positively influence innovative co-branding partnership and business performance. Furthermore, innovative co-branding partnership was proven to influence business performance. IMPLICATIONS for theory and practice: The results of the study point to theoretical implications for further exploration of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions. The practical implications relate to recommendations for managers. Managers should make efforts to increase innovation, market activity, and competitiveness of the market offer. It is necessary to monitor the actions taken in the context of their impact on selected market, consumer, product, and brand performance. In addition, managers should analyze the possibilities of undertaking cooperation of this nature to increase business performance. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study provides a better understanding of the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance using innovative co-branding. Compared to previous studies, it has an advantage in research by introducing the issue of innovative co-branding, which can be used for the development of new business activities. In addition, this study focuses on several areas of business performance, including product, brand, consumer, and financial performance. Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation, innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, autonomy, innovative co-branding partnership, business performance, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), brand management, market performance