The Effect Of Old Age On Motor Control
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The Effect Of Old Age On Motor Control
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Author : Rachael Kathleen Raw
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Effect Of Old Age On Motor Control written by Rachael Kathleen Raw and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
A decrease in motor ability can have a profound impact on a person's capacity to maintain independence. Motor skill levels decline with age and this can create difficulties for older adults as they attempt to maintain independent lives. The fact that people in today's society are living for much longer means that robust methods for examining movement in older adults, must be developed. These methods will increase our understanding of how movement deteriorates with age and inform approaches to rehabilitation in cases where movement is lost (e.g. motor paresis after stroke). Accordingly, this doctoral research used sophisticated kinematic technology to create a series of computerised visuomotor tasks designed to achieve the following primary aims (i) to examine specific questions regarding age differences in motor performance; (ii) to create an experimental task to measure and infer potential causes of age-related changes in motor learning; and (iii) use the motor learning task to assess the outcomes of tDCS in healthy younger and older adults. A secondary aim was to produce tests that have the potential for use in rehabilitative settings, where more sensitive methods of assessment are required. Chapter 1 reviews previous research on the topics of ageing, motor control, and rehabilitation, and identifies needs for further empirical investigation. Age differences in motor performance are examined in the experimental work of Chapters 2 and 3, which suggests that older people compensate for motor decline by making spatial and temporal adjustments to their movements in order to meet task demands - a finding that generalised between two different motor tasks. Chapter 4 considers performance differences between the preferred and non-preferred hand, and includes findings of a tracing study where manual asymmetries were reduced in older adults. The problems that can arise when measuring differences between the hands are, however, highlighted in the experimental work of Chapter 5. The research in Chapters 6 and 7 focuses on motor learning. In Chapter 6 a motor sequence learning task is developed, which was used to examine the relationship between motor performance and learning. This task paradigm was used again in Chapter 7, which begins by reviewing previous studies that have applied Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to modify movement in healthy people and in stroke populations, and ends with two experiments that found no beneficial effects of tDCS on motor sequence learning in younger and older adults. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the findings of each experimental chapter and considers future applications of the motor tasks designed throughout this doctoral work.
Progress In Motor Control Effects Of Age Disorder And Rehabilitation
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Author : Mark L. Latash
language : en
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Release Date : 1998
Progress In Motor Control Effects Of Age Disorder And Rehabilitation written by Mark L. Latash and has been published by Human Kinetics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Education categories.
The authors explore recent progress in theoretical & experimental studies of motor control, from the perspective of practitioners who work with patients that have motor disorders. The text also develops new approaches to motor rehabilitation.
Changes In Sensory Motor Behavior In Aging
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Author : A.-M. Ferrandez
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1995-12-11
Changes In Sensory Motor Behavior In Aging written by A.-M. Ferrandez and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-11 with Psychology categories.
Recently, studies on aging processes and age-related changes in behavior have been expanding considerably, probably due to the dramatic changes observed in the demographics. This increase in the overall age and proportion of elderly people has heightened the severity of problems associated with the safety and well-being of elderly persons in everyday life. Many researchers working on motor control have thus focused more intensely on the effects of age on motor control. This new avenue of research has led to programs for alleviating or delaying the specific sensory-motor limitations encountered by the elderly (e.g. falls) in an attempt to make the elderly more autonomous. The aggregation of studies from different perspectives is often fascinating, especially when the same field can serve as a common ground between researchers. Nearly all contributors to this book work on sensory-motor aging; they represent a large range of affiliations and backgrounds including psychology, neurobiology, cognitive sciences, kinesiology, neuropsychology, neuropharmacology, motor performance, physical therapy, exercise science, and human development. Addressing age-related behavioral changes can also furnish some crucial reflections in the debate about motor coordination: aging is the product of both maturational and environmental processes, and studies on aging must determine how the intricate interrelationships between these processes evolve. The study of aging makes it possible to determine how compensatory mechanisms, operating on different subsystems and each aging at its own rate, compensate for biological degenerations and changing external demands. This volume will contribute to demonstrating that the study of the aging process raises important theoretical questions.
Technology For Adaptive Aging
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-04-25
Technology For Adaptive Aging written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-25 with Social Science categories.
Emerging and currently available technologies offer great promise for helping older adults, even those without serious disabilities, to live healthy, comfortable, and productive lives. What technologies offer the most potential benefit? What challenges must be overcome, what problems must be solved, for this promise to be fulfilled? How can federal agencies like the National Institute on Aging best use their resources to support the translation from laboratory findings to useful, marketable products and services? Technology for Adaptive Aging is the product of a workshop that brought together distinguished experts in aging research and in technology to discuss applications of technology to communication, education and learning, employment, health, living environments, and transportation for older adults. It includes all of the workshop papers and the report of the committee that organized the workshop. The committee report synthesizes and evaluates the points made in the workshop papers and recommends priorities for federal support of translational research in technology for older adults.
Cognitive And Autonomic Factors In Speech Motor Control
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Cognitive And Autonomic Factors In Speech Motor Control written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
"The primary purposes of this study were to determine the effects of cognitive load and autonomic arousal on the speech motor control of healthy older adults and healthy younger adults as well as to advance our understanding of potential age-related changes in the relationship between cognitive, autonomic, and speech motor processes. Eight healthy older adults and eight healthy younger adults completed a novel experimental paradigm in which a Stroop task was embedded within a sentence production task. Participants produced multiple repetitions of sentences in each of two Stroop conditions, congruent and incongruent. The incongruent Stroop condition represented an increase in cognitive load, compared with that associated with the congruent Stroop condition. Articulatory kinematic, autonomic, and acoustic signals were simultaneously collected as participants completed the experimental task. In addition, several forms of perceptual and behavioral data were collected to supplement the physiological data. ... This study provides empirical support for influences of cognitive and autonomic factors on speech motor control as well as for potential interactions between cognitive, autonomic, and speech motor systems. Furthermore, the observed age-related differences in the effects of increased cognitive load and autonomic arousal on speech motor performance indicate that aging may affect the relationship between cognitive, autonomic, and speech motor processes, contributing to speech motor systems that are more susceptible to destabilization in older adults."--Pages xv and xvii.
The Effects Of Aging On Cognitive Motor Control
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Author : Alexandra Shaver
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Effects Of Aging On Cognitive Motor Control written by Alexandra Shaver and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
THE EFFECTS OF AGING ON COGNITIVE MOTOR CONTROL Alex Shaver June, 2019 Director of Thesis: Dr. J.C. Mizelle Major Department: Kinesiology Introduction: Processing speed, working memory capacity, inhibitory function, and long-term memory are all aspects of information processing that become less efficient with age. Unsurprisingly, brain size, density, and proficiency regarding complex motor behavior deteriorate with the introduction of neurological disorders illness, injury, and even healthy aging. What remains unexplained is why declines in the understanding and execution of tool-related actions similar to clinical populations have been seen in the healthy aging population. However, some older individuals maintain the ability to plan and execute complex, goal-oriented movements, referred to as praxis. Whether praxis deficits are a product of neuroanatomical alterations or arise from changes in the functional properties of regions and networks normally recruited for processing tasks is currently unknown. We do know that older adults engage in scaffolding, overactivation of expected brain regions or the additional activation of regions not typically recruited by younger adults in the same task. More specifically, hemispheric asymmetry reduction is a type of scaffolding seen in the older brain (HAROLD). HAROLD activation is described as a reduced activity in the initial region and increased activation in the same area of the opposite hemisphere - reminiscent of a mirror-image. Shifts from using posterior brain regions to anterior regions (PASA) are also patterns seen in healthy older adults. Whether or not these activation patterns are helpful or harmful in compensating for the inevitable changes with healthy aging is unclear. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that the older group (OG) would show increased bilateral activity compared to the younger group (YG) in response to the ideal tool (C1) and plausible tool (C2) conditions. This was expected to be true for each region of interest (ROI): frontal, premotor, and parietal. This bilateral activation is expected to apply to the expected shift from recruiting posterior brain regions to an anterior focus expected for C1 and C2 in OG compared to YG. We also expected to see differences between the groups' ERP amplitudes and latencies indicative of greater task difficulty for OG compared to YG. Purpose: This study aimed to better understand the cortical dynamics that support the ability of some healthy older individuals to evaluate common tools in different situations by comparing the neural responses to younger adults. A better understanding of the neurophysiological differences between these two healthy populations in successful tool-use and evaluation could be helpful in creating more personalized and effective rehabilitation programs for clinical populations as well as otherwise healthy older adults presenting with performance deficits. Methods: This study included twenty-one younger and twelve older right-handed participants between the ages of 18-35 and 60-84 years-old, respectively. Participants were presented with high resolution black and white images of ideal and plausible tool use and asked to identify them based on a preceding action description. Participants indicated their choice by pressing a corresponding button on a response pad. Using a 64-channel electroencephalography cap, the neural responses of these individuals to the stimuli were recorded. The results reported here include two latency windows (0-250ms and 350-550ms post stimulus onset) over bilateral frontal, premotor, and parietal regions of interest (ROIs) for the C1 and C2. Variance was reduced using the Bootstrap resampling method and age-based comparisons of brain activation were made with non-parametric permutation-based statistics, p
Motor Control And Learning
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Author : Markus Latash
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-05-31
Motor Control And Learning written by Markus Latash and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-31 with Medical categories.
This book is the first to view the effects of development, aging, and practice on the control of human voluntary movement from a contemporary context. Emphasis is on the links between progress in basic motor control research and applied areas such as motor disorders and motor rehabilitation. Relevant to both professionals in the areas of motor control, movement disorders, and motor rehabilitation, and to students starting their careers in one of these actively developed areas.
Motor Control Learning And Development
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Author : Andrea Utley
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-12-07
Motor Control Learning And Development written by Andrea Utley and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with Medical categories.
An understanding of the scientific principles underpinning the learning and execution of fundamental and skilled movements is of central importance in disciplines across the sport and exercise sciences. The second edition of Motor Control, Learning and Development: Instant Notes offers students an accessible, clear and concise introduction to the core concepts of motor behavior, from learning through to developing expertise. Including two brand new chapters on implicit versus explicit learning and motor control and aging, this new edition is fully revised and updated, and covers: definitions, theories and measurements of motor control; information processing, neurological issues and sensory factors in control; theories and stages of motor learning; memory and feedback; the development of fundamental movement skills; and the application of theory to coaching and rehabilitation practice. Highly illustrated and well-formatted, the book allows readers to grasp complex ideas quickly, through learning objectives, research highlights, review questions and activities, and encourages students to deepen their understanding through further reading suggestions. This is important foundational reading for any student taking classes in motor control, learning or behavior or skill acquisition, or a clear and concise reference for any practicing sports coach, physical education teacher or rehabilitation specialist.
Cognitive Changes And The Aging Brain
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Author : Kenneth M. Heilman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-12-05
Cognitive Changes And The Aging Brain written by Kenneth M. Heilman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-05 with Medical categories.
This book describes the changes in the brain and in cognitive functions that occur with aging in the absence of a neurological, psychiatric, or medical disease. It discusses aging-related changes in many brain functions, including memory, language, sensory perception, motor function, creativity, attention, executive functions, emotions and mood. The neural mechanisms that may account for specific aging-related changes in cognition, perception and behavior are explored, as well as the means by which aging-related cognitive decrements can be managed and possibly ameliorated. Consequently, this book will be of value to clinicians, including neurologists, psychiatrists, geriatricians, primary care physicians, psychologists and speech-language pathologists. In addition, researchers and graduate students who want to learn about the aging brain will find this an indispensable guide.
Aging And Motor Behavior
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Author : Andrew C. Ostrow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Aging And Motor Behavior written by Andrew C. Ostrow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Aging categories.