The Effects Of Asphalt Binder Oxidation On Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixture Rheology And Fatigue Performance
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The Effects Of Asphalt Binder Oxidation On Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixture Rheology And Fatigue Performance
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Author : Sung Hoon Jung
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Effects Of Asphalt Binder Oxidation On Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixture Rheology And Fatigue Performance written by Sung Hoon Jung and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Asphalt oxidation causes major changes to binder properties and is hypothesized to be a major contributor to age-related pavement failure such as fatigue cracking. Extensive laboratory aging research has been done to assess the effects of oxidation on binder properties. Previous work shows binder oxidation makes the binder stiffer and more brittle, leading to higher binder stresses under a given deformation. Failure occurs when these stresses exceed the strength of the binder. However, binder oxidation in pavements has not been studied in the same detail as laboratory aging of neat binders. The impact of binder oxidation on long-term pavement performance has been either underestimated or ignored. This research includes studies of binder oxidation in Texas pavements to compare the field aging with laboratory neat binder aging, the impact of binder oxidation on HMAC mixture aging and HMAC mixture fatigue performance, and fundamental rheological property changes of the binder and the mixture. Binder oxidation is studied in fifteen pavements from locations across Texas. Results indicate that unmodified binders in pavements typically oxidize and harden to a degree that exceeds generally accepted pavement aging assumptions. This hardening may also extend much deeper into the pavement than has been previously assumed or documented. Data suggest that pavements can oxidize at rates surprisingly uniform with depth once early oxidation occurs, and that these rates continue for an extended time. Laboratory-aged HMAC mixtures and binders were tested and analyzed for fatigue resistance and their rheological properties. Mixture aging shows the same aging mechanisms as neat binder aging. Both binder and mixture have a higher modulus with aging and a good rheological correlation. The decline in mixture fatigue life (determined using the calibrated mechanistic fatigue analysis approach with surface energy measurement) due to oxidation is significant. Pavement service life is dependent on the mixture, but can be estimated by a cumulative damage approach that considers binder oxidation and pavement loading rate simultaneously. The differences in expected pavement life arise from differences in the rate of binder stiffening due to oxidation and the impact of this stiffening on the decline of fatigue life.
Interaction Between New And Age Hardened Binders In Asphalt Mixes Containing High Quantities Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement And Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles
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Author : Yuan He
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Interaction Between New And Age Hardened Binders In Asphalt Mixes Containing High Quantities Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement And Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles written by Yuan He and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
As virgin pavement material sources become scarcer and costlier the use of higher quantities of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS) in the production of new asphalt mixes becomes increasingly desirable. RAP/RAS binder in the mix has different levels of aging. Through oxidation, the binder becomes stiffer and more rigid than virgin binder, and thus results in a pavement material that is more brittle and susceptible to fatigue and thermal cracking. The purpose of this dissertation study was to investigate the interactions between new and age binders and evaluate asphalt mixes performance. A major concern associated with the use of high percentages of RAP and/or RAS is the level of blending between virgin and age-hardened binders, because the performance of the mix can be highly influenced by the properties of the composite binder. The blending between new binder and age-hardened RAP binder can be explained through diffusion mechanisms. This research used asphalt binder testing and diffusion and aging theory to investigate the evolution of blending between virgin and RAP binders during asphalt mix production, storage, and placement. The rheological properties of a two-layer asphalt binder sample composed of virgin and simulated RAP binder were measured using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) after conditioning following hot mix asphalt (HMA) and warm mix asphalt (WMA) time-temperature paths during mixing and placement. The diffusion and aging coefficients for the composite binder were estimated by comparing measured shear stiffness values with those predicted using a diffusion model and considering asphalt binder aging over time. The diffusion model is solved numerically based on the finite control volume approach. Results show that the HMA results in nearly full blending of the new and aged binders following the time-temperature paths used in this study; while the WMA results in only partial blending. Traditionally, the properties of blended binders in asphalt mixes containing RAP and RAS are evaluated through rheological testing of the binder extracted and recovered from a mix. However, this approach has long been criticized for being labor intensive, for potentially altering the chemistry of the binder and consequently changing the binder rheology, for forcing blending of binders that may not have been present in the mix, and for creating hazardous material disposal issues. The research presented in this dissertation proposes an alternative approach for characterizing blended binders by testing the linear viscoelastic properties of a fine aggregate matrix (FAM) asphalt mix using a torsion bar fixture in a DSR. A procedure has been developed for preparation and testing of small FAM cylindrical FAM specimens. The results demonstrated that this testing is sensitive to FAM mixes made of different virgin binders, RAP/RAS contents, with and without rejuvenating agent. More importantly, FAM mix testing shows similar results as that from DSR binder testing and full mix testing in terms of rankings of master curves and Black diagrams. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) on stiffness values from FAM testing also provides the same conclusion to that at binder and mix levels. Therefore, FAM approach has the potential to be used as a substitute to stiffness testing for mix comparison purposes. It is also a less expensive and more efficient testing approach than the full mix testing.The combined effect of RAP, RAS, and different virgin binder sources and grades on performance of the blended binders and asphalt mixes was also investigated. Previous studies have indicated that RAP, RAS, and virgin binder grades each has certain effects on performance of the mix. The addition of RAP/RAS undermines fatigue and thermal performance and improves rutting resistance. The virgin binder grade should be carefully chosen based on the percentages of RAP/RAS in the mix. Results from unconfined RLT appears to show that reducing the binder grade when using more than 25 percent RAP results in rutting performance similar to the original grade. Therefore, it is likely safe for high temperatures if the binder grade is reduced to meet the low and intermediate temperature requirements. Asphalt binders contain different organic molecules, and thus their chemical compositions vary according to the source of the oil used in their production. Virgin binders from different sources blend differently with the age-harden oxidized binder in RAP/RAS. Therefore, depending on the level of blending between virgin and oxidized binders, the performance of the mixes could vary substantially. Findings from this work indicated that virgin binder source had some effect on the blended materials. Additional research that came from the testing approaches to complete the investigation of RAP/RAS with this dissertation were also investigated. All the asphalt mixes used in this study were designed following Caltrans modified Superpave mix design procedure and tested using an Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT). The effects of specimen preparation variables in terms of compaction method, compaction level, test temperature, stress state, and deformation measurement location when using the AMPT to predict mix stiffness and permanent deformation were evaluated. The best approach using Superpave testing equipment that appears to best characterize expected rutting performance as defined by previous calibrated RSCH results were also investigated.
3rd International Conference On Innovative Technologies For Clean And Sustainable Development
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Author : Deepankar Kumar Ashish
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-05
3rd International Conference On Innovative Technologies For Clean And Sustainable Development written by Deepankar Kumar Ashish and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 3rd International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Clean and Sustainable Development, held in Chandigarh, India, on February 19-21, 2020. The respective papers focus on sustainable materials science and cover topics including the durability and sustainability of concrete, green materials in construction, economics of cleaner production, environmental impact mitigation, innovative materials for sustainable construction, performance and sustainability of special concrete, renewable energy infrastructure, sustainability in road construction, sustainable concrete, sustainable construction materials, waste minimization & management, prevention and management of water pollution, and zero-energy buildings.
8th Rilem International Symposium On Testing And Characterization Of Sustainable And Innovative Bituminous Materials
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Author : Francesco Canestrari
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-24
8th Rilem International Symposium On Testing And Characterization Of Sustainable And Innovative Bituminous Materials written by Francesco Canestrari and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This work presents the results of RILEM TC 237-SIB (Testing and characterization of sustainable innovative bituminous materials and systems). The papers have been selected for publication after a rigorous peer review process and will be an invaluable source to outline and clarify the main directions of present and future research and standardization for bituminous materials and pavements. The following topics are covered: - Characterization of binder-aggregate interaction - Innovative testing of bituminous binders, additives and modifiers - Durability and aging of asphalt pavements - Mixture design and compaction analysis - Environmentally sustainable materials and technologies - Advances in laboratory characterization of bituminous materials - Modeling of road materials and pavement performance prediction - Field measurement and in-situ characterization - Innovative materials for reinforcement and interlayer systems - Cracking and damage characterization of asphalt pavements - Recycling and re-use in road pavements This is the proceedings of the RILEM SIB2015 Symposium (Ancona, Italy, October 7-9, 2015).
Advances In Sustainable Materials And Resilient Infrastructure
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Author : Krishna R. Reddy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-12
Advances In Sustainable Materials And Resilient Infrastructure written by Krishna R. Reddy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The edited book comprises invited book chapter contributions from global experts in the field of sustainable materials and resilient infrastructure. The book covers the most critical and emerging topics for creating sustainable solutions for the construction industry, promoting the technologies and monitoring methods for resilient infrastructure. It focuses on sustainable solutions and offers techniques and methodologies to deliver high-quality end solutions in civil engineering. In addition, the content provides knowledge-based information for the readers to assess, monitor, measure, and practice sustainability for resilient infrastructure. The contents of the volume are a blend of academic research work and industrial case studies. It covers the use of sustainable materials like Lime-Pozzolona Binders, biopolymers, lignosulphonate, lightweight aggregates made from fly ash, calcinated clay, paper ash, and limestone as amendments/ameliorators for soil remediation, development of neo-construction materials and composites for civil engineering applications. Design of innovative pavements using alkali activation and pervious concrete for sustainable infrastructure is also discussed. The chapters also highlight the role of civil engineers in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals, promoting climate change design for urban landscapes, and modelling building energy demand. This book is framed to address the principles and practice from the corners of geoenvironment, sustainable construction materials, low carbon materials, energy efficiency, and waste management. It is a valuable reference for faculty, researchers, field experts, scientists, and practicing engineers.
Investigation Of Binder Rheology And Performance Outcomes Of Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt Using Different Rejuvenation Agents
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Author : Kerry Jean King
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Investigation Of Binder Rheology And Performance Outcomes Of Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt Using Different Rejuvenation Agents written by Kerry Jean King and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Pavements categories.
The research presented in this thesis investigated the effect of various rejuvenation agents on the performance of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) surfacing mixes containing high levels of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material (30%). The research aimed to develop testing methodologies for evaluating the mechanical performance properties of HMA mixes and for the characterisation of extracted binder properties. The methodologies were used determine the effects of various rejuvenators on the mechanical performance properties and binder properties fundamental to the long-term performance of pavement surfaces. A testing methodology was developed to investigate the performance properties of five HMA mixes including four mixes that were rejuvenated using different rejuvenation agents and one control. The mechanical testing methodology provided a comprehensive assessment of mix properties that are fundamental to the long-term performance of recycled pavements. A methodology for the characterisation of extracted binders was developed to evaluate properties that had a significant effect on the performance of the binder and therefore the overall mix. The binder properties were compared to results obtained from mechanical performance tests to establish a relationship between binder rejuvenation and performance observations. The results obtained from mechanical testing demonstrated that the cracking resistance of recycled mixes could be significantly improved through the use of rejuvenation agents. Rejuvenation also decreased the stiffness of the mix and had a negative effect on the resistance of a mix to permanent deformation. From the characterisation of the binder, it was found that rejuvenation agents altered the rheological properties of the binder but did not have a notable effect on chemical composition. The rheological performance parameters of the binder correlated to the mix performance observed from mechanical tests. Overall this research has shown that rejuvenation agents can be utilised to enhance the performance of recycled mixes by restoring binder properties.
Improving Durability Of Asphalt Mixes Produced With Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Rap By Enhancing Binder Blending
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Author : Hawraa Kadhim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Improving Durability Of Asphalt Mixes Produced With Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Rap By Enhancing Binder Blending written by Hawraa Kadhim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Asphalt concrete categories.
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has been favoured over virgin materials in the light of the unstable cost of virgin asphalt binders, shortage of quality aggregates, and compelling need to preserve the environment and natural resources. Mixes containing up to 20% RAP are commonly considered to have similar behaviour to virgin mixes. However, during the production process of HMA with RAP, the blending between aged and virgin binders would be partial, which would create heterogeneity in distribution of the aged recycled binder and the soft virgin binder in the HMA-RAP mixes. Hence, it is important to control the blending process between old and new binders to obtain more homogenous mix. Therefore, the main objectives of this research are to examine the kinematics of blending of aged and virgin binders by considering the time-temperature effect during mixing and silo-storage, and assess the thermo-mechanical behaviour of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) containing RAP at different blending states. The asphalt mixes used in this research were produced and collected at two plants (Plant 1) and (Plant 2) located in Ontario, Canada. Two Marshall mixes were produced and collected from Plant 1 including a surface course HL-3 containing 15 percent RAP and a base course HL-8 containing 30 percent RAP. These mixes were labelled as 1HL-3 and 1HL-8 respectively. In addition, two Marshall mixes were produced and collected from Plant 2 including a surface course HL-3 containing 20 percent RAP and a base course HL-8 containing 40 percent RAP. These mixes were labelled as 2HL-3 and 2HL-8 respectively. To investigate the impact of storage time on the blending progress and achieving a cohesive final binder, the mix samples were collected as a function of storage time in the silo. The first sampling was done immediately after production (t = 0-hour), and then at several time intervals of silo-storage; i.e., at 1, 4, 8, and 12 hours. In case of Plant 2, the samples were additionally collected after 24-hour of storage time. All samples were then kept in a storage room at 7ʻC until the day of compaction to minimize any further blending between aged and virgin binder. To understand the blending phenomena and its effect on the performance of the pavement, a multi-scale investigation is carried out. The blending was examined in terms of micro-mechanical and rheological properties. The microstructure of the blending zones were examined under The Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). In addition the effect of the silo-storage time on the rheology of the binders was investigated. The results indicate that increasing the interaction time and temperature between the aged and virgin binder significantly results in a better blending. The performance of RAP-HMA with respect to the silo-storage time was examined using Dynamic Modules Test, Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST), Rutting Test, and Flexural Beam Fatigue Test. The experimental data indicates that samples collected after 12-hour of silo storage exhibited a reduction in the stiffness due to better blending of aged and virgin binder. In addition, the 12-hour samples showed enhancement in their fracture temperature, rutting depth, and fatigue life, accompanied with a better blending between their aged and virgin binder. On the other hand, the samples that collected after 24-hour silo-storage had a higher stiffness in comparison with the 8 and 12-hour samples. Moreover, the AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical Design was utilized to examine the effect of the 12-hour silo-storage time on the long term performance of the pavements. Four pavement structures have been designed for this purpose. These pavements have the same structure of their granular A, granular B, and the subgrade. Yet, the first layer (surface course and base course) is a silo-storage time-dependent. The long-term field performance prediction indicates a slight improvement with the 12-hour pavements (Plant1 12hrs and Plant2 12hrs). However, it should be noted that AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical Design does not appear to properly capture the effect of blending in the pavement performance. The collected experimental evidences unveils correlations between time-temperature effects and mixture performance. Based on these findings, the research provides practical recommendations to the professionals of the Canadian asphalt industry for a better use of RAP. Ultimately, this research recommends a 12-hour silo-storage time for the RAP-HMA for better performance and durability of the mixes.
Proceedings Of The Rilem International Symposium On Bituminous Materials
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Author : Hervé Di Benedetto
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-09-25
Proceedings Of The Rilem International Symposium On Bituminous Materials written by Hervé Di Benedetto and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in bituminous materials and structures and asphalt pavement technology, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials (ISBM), held in Lyon, France on December 14-16, 2020. The symposium represents a joint effort of three RILEM Technical Committees from Cluster F: 264-RAP “Asphalt Pavement Recycling”, 272-PIM “Phase and Interphase Behaviour of Bituminous Materials”, and 278-CHA “Crack-Healing of Asphalt Pavement Materials”. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning bituminous materials (bitumen, mastics, mixtures) and road, railway and airport pavement structures, including: recycling, phase and interphase behaviour, cracking and healing, modification and innovative materials, durability and environmental aspects, testing and modelling, multi-scale properties, surface characteristics, structure performance, modelling and design, non-destructive testing, back-analysis, and Life Cycle Assessment. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.
Durability And Performance Characteristics Of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Polymer Additives
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Author : Robert Y. Liang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Durability And Performance Characteristics Of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Polymer Additives written by Robert Y. Liang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Pavements, Asphalt concrete categories.
Ohio Department of Transportation has adopted the hot mix asphalt concrete containing polymer modifiers for use in the interstate highway pavement. Among the various reasons cited for the adoption of polymer modifiers are the favorable field experiences by ODOT, extensive literatures reporting enhanced performance, such as rutting resistance, low temperature thermal cracking resistance, and possibly fatigue endurance. However, despite these favorable findings, there are still cases involving premature failure of hot mixtures containing polymer modifiers. Concerns regarding optimum polymer content, compatibility between polymer additives and asphalt cement, proper mixing and compaction procedure remain to be resolved. Furthermore, performance based specifications to ensure production of desirable final asphalt concrete product require additional development. Questions regarding the suitability of Superpave binder testing procedures for the polymer-modified binders need to be clarified.
Fatigue Behavior Of Modified Asphalt Binders
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Author : Karen S. Bonnetti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Fatigue Behavior Of Modified Asphalt Binders written by Karen S. Bonnetti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.