The Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On The Bird Community Of The Cumberland State Forest
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The Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On The Bird Community Of The Cumberland State Forest
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Author : Elvira J. Lanham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
The Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On The Bird Community Of The Cumberland State Forest written by Elvira J. Lanham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
The Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Bird Communities In A Naturally Disturbed Environment
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Author : James M. Moloney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Bird Communities In A Naturally Disturbed Environment written by James M. Moloney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Birds categories.
The Influence Of Habitat Fragmentation On Demography And Extinction Risk In A Tropical Understory Bird Community
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Author : Nicole M. Korfanta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Influence Of Habitat Fragmentation On Demography And Extinction Risk In A Tropical Understory Bird Community written by Nicole M. Korfanta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Bird declines categories.
Deforestation is the primary cause of species loss in the tropical forests that harbor much of the world's biodiversity, and understory bird species are particularly sensitive to resulting habitat fragmentation. Ongoing extinctions long after initial fragmentation suggest that demographic consequence of habitat loss are persistent, but the particular vital rates most affected and the range of demographic responses among species are not well understood. Demographic analyses can be useful in identifying the mechanisms by which fragmentation drives extinctions, assessing extinction risk for remaining populations, and guiding effective conservation planning and reserve design. Through analysis of a long-term capture-recapture dataset for understory birds of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, I estimated the effects of habitat fragmentation on apparent survival, recruitment, and population growth rate for 22 species in a highly fragmented sub-montane forest. I also estimated landscape-scale effects through analysis of two disjunct communities in adjacent mountain ranges. To assess the role of depressed demographic rates on the long-term persistence of the avian community on remaining forest fragments, I used count-based population viability analysis to estimate extinction risk for eight species on small (2 ha), medium (34 ha), and (704) large forest fragments. Finally, I used multi-site population viability analysis to estimate extinction risk for 14 species given four, real-world reserve scenarios. I found that across feeding guilds and dispersal abilities, apparent survival was lower on small forest fragments relative to large. Because the effect of fragmentation on recruitment was not different than zero across species, I conclude that depressed survival was the primary demographic mechanism of lower population growth rate on small fragments. Fragmentation effects were consistent across landscapes but were more pronounced in the East Usambara Mountains relative to the West. Population viability analysis showed high extinction risk for five common species on small forest fragments and for two species on medium and large fragments. These results confirm a long faunal relaxation time and suggest continued future extinctions, particularly of less abundant species, even on the largest remaining forest fragments. Population viability analysis for four reserve scenarios showed an average delay in extinction risk of almost three decades under conditions of maximum reserve connectivity and a slight increase in protected area. Increasing dispersal among reserves was generally beneficial to population persistence, with the greatest benefit accruing through increased connectivity among the larger reserves. Many species had high extinction risk regardless of the conservation scenario, suggesting that improvements to habitat quality may also be required to maintain populations. Finally, a substantial difference in the results from demographic and species-area approaches suggests that projections of species losses from even well-protected biodiversity hotspots may be even greater than previously anticipated.
Habitat Fragmentation And Forest Birds
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Author : Ralph Stephen Hames
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Habitat Fragmentation And Forest Birds written by Ralph Stephen Hames and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Ecological And Behavioural Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Forest Birds
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Author : Nadia Nour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Ecological And Behavioural Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Forest Birds written by Nadia Nour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Effects Of Forest Fragmentation On The Morphological And Genetic Structure Of A Dispersal Limited Endangered Bird Species
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Author : Claudia Hermes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Effects Of Forest Fragmentation On The Morphological And Genetic Structure Of A Dispersal Limited Endangered Bird Species written by Claudia Hermes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Zusammenfassung: Throughout the tropics, pristine forests disappear at an alarming pace. This presents a severe threat to forest-dependent species. Especially dispersal-limited understory birds are affected by forest loss. We here explored the effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure and the morphology of the Ecuadorian Tapaculo (Scytalopus robbinsi). This bird occurs only in a small range in the premontane cloud forests of southwestern Ecuador. The global population size is declining rapidly due to habitat loss and is currently estimated at only 3000 mature individuals. We caught a total of 28 Ecuadorian Tapaculos in forests of varying size in an area of about 40 km2. From each bird, we took morphological measurements and a blood sample. This was used to develop a set of 10 species-specific microsatellite primers for genetic analysis and we found that the Ecuadorian Tapaculos display high levels of genetic diversity. Additionally, we identified dispersal corridors for the species across the landscape using a least-cost path analysis. Notably, we found that wing shape is related to forest size. Individuals in smaller fragments show adaptations of the wing morphology to enhanced mobility and better flight capacity. Our results suggest that the Ecuadorian Tapaculo may rapidly adapt its morphology to the level of habitat fragmentation. This potential can possibly mitigate the risk of local extinctions of the species due to human-caused forest loss and fragmentation
Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Birds In Western Landscapes
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Author : Thomas Luke George
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Birds In Western Landscapes written by Thomas Luke George and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Birds categories.
Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Birds In Western Landscapes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation On Birds In Western Landscapes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
The Impact Of Non Native Plants On Bird Communities In Suburban Forest Fragments
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Author : Amanda Conover
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Impact Of Non Native Plants On Bird Communities In Suburban Forest Fragments written by Amanda Conover and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Alien plants categories.
Forest fragmentation has occurred across the Eastern United States, and an ecological effect linked to fragmentation is the invasion of non-native plants into forests. Few studies have examined the link between the density of native plants and avian habitat use in forest fragments. The objective of this project was to estimate the relationship between occupancy of eight songbird species and native plant density, forest structure, and invertebrate biomass. We collected data at ninety-eight 25 m radius forested plots in Delaware and Maryland. Avian point counts were conducted 3 times per season between 15 May-7 August, 2009-2010. Vegetation was analyzed by measuring understory coverage, canopy coverage, basal area, and proportion of native plants. Invertebrate biomass was measured by vacuum sampling. We used program PRESENCE to build occupancy models with invertebrate biomass and vegetation characteristics as covariates to explain candidate bird species presence, and evaluated the models using Akaike Information Criterion. The proportion of native plants was the best variable in predicting Wood Thrush occupancy. Forest structure variables were the strongest predictors of presence for American Robin, Carolina Chickadee, and Gray Catbird. Both forest structure and native plant proportion were important variables in predicting the occupancy of Eastern Towhee, Northern Cardinal, and Ovenbird. For Carolina Wren, invertebrate abundance was the most important variable in predicting occupancy. My results suggest that native plant proportion and vegetation structure may both be important factors to consider in conservation planning and habitat restoration for these songbirds.
Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Grassland Nesting Birds In Southwestern Missouri
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Author : Maiken Winter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Grassland Nesting Birds In Southwestern Missouri written by Maiken Winter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Dickcissel categories.
Habitat loss and fragmentation on the breeding grounds appears to be a major cause of the apparent decline of many North American bird species. Habitat fragmentation can decrease bird populations through decreases of patch size, increase of edge habitat, and isolation of habitat fragments. These effects of habitat fragmentation have been well documented in forest-nesting birds. However, grassland-nesting birds are experiencing even greater and more consistent population declines, and the reasons for these declines are still poorly understood. Factors that can potentially influence density and nesting success of grassland-nesting birds on their breeding grounds can act at three spatial scales: within-patch scale (vegetation structure and management regime), local scale (patch size and proximity to edge habitat), and landscape scale (habitat surrounding the patch). Between 1995 and 1997 I investigated how factors on each of these three spatial scales affected density and nesting success of grassland-nesting birds in 13 fragments of native tallgrass prairie in southwestern Missouri, focusing on two severely declining passerines, the Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) and the Dickcissel (Spiza americana). The goal of this thesis was not merely to show that environmental factors at different scales affect density and nesting success of grassland birds; the simultaneous measurement of landscape at multiple scales has additionally allowed me to demonstrate an interaction between the factors measured at these different scales, which has not previously been investigated. Further, most studies on the effects of habitat fragmentation on grassland-nesting birds have based their conclusions on census data only, although census data do not reliably indicate how a species is affected by habitat fragmentation. Low litter depth (particularly the result of haying), small patch size, close proximity (