The Effects Of Two Kinds Of Brushes At The Hive Entrance On The Number And Diversity Of Pollen Grains On Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L Departing From Their Colonies
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The Effects Of Two Kinds Of Brushes At The Hive Entrance On The Number And Diversity Of Pollen Grains On Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L Departing From Their Colonies
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Author : Elizabeth S. Waghchoure
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Effects Of Two Kinds Of Brushes At The Hive Entrance On The Number And Diversity Of Pollen Grains On Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L Departing From Their Colonies written by Elizabeth S. Waghchoure and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
The Potential Impact Of Pathogens On Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L Colonies And Possibilities For Their Control
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Author : Suresh Desai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Potential Impact Of Pathogens On Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L Colonies And Possibilities For Their Control written by Suresh Desai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Excessive honey bee colony losses all over the world are believed to be caused by multiple stressors. In this thesis, I characterized and quantified pathogen levels in honey bee colonies, studied their interactions with each other and with their associated parasite vectors, examined factors that influence their combined impacts on honey bees and developed methods to manage honey bee viruses so that colony losses can be minimized. My baseline study of virus prevalence and concentration in healthy and unhealthy (showing visible signs of disease) colonies in Canada showed that seven economically important viruses (DWV, BQCV, IAPV, KBV, SBV, ABPV, and CBPV) were all widely distributed in Canada. Differences in concentration and prevalence of some viruses were found between unhealthy and healthy colonies but these differences may have been due in part to seasonal or regional effects. Studies of the impact of viruses on worker bee populations over winter showed different factors were correlated with bee loss in different environments. Spring concentrations of DWV and mean abundance of Varroa (Varroa destructor) were positively correlated with bee loss and negatively correlated with spring population size in outdoor-wintered colonies. Fall concentration of IAPV was negatively correlated with spring population size of colonies in indoor-wintering environments but not in outdoor-environments. My study showed that it is important to consider location of sampling when associating pathogen loads with bee loss with Nosema and BQCV. Seasonal patterns of parasites and pathogens were characterized for each wintering methods (indoor and outdoor). My results revealed lower ABPV and Nosema ceranae prevalence and lower DWV concentration in genetically diverse than genetically similar colonies. I showed that within colony genetic diversity may be an important evolutionary adaptation to allow honey bees to defend against a wide range of diseases. In laboratory studies, I showed that feeding DWV to larvae in the absence of Varroa causes wing deformity and decreased survival rates of adult bees relative to bees not fed DWV. Finally, I showed that RNA silencing can be used to reduce DWV concentrations in immature and adult bees, reduce wing deformity in emerging adults, and increase their longevity relative to controls.
Bees
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Author : Richard M. Florio
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2012-01-01
Bees written by Richard M. Florio and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-01 with Honeybee categories.
For students of animal behavior, honey bees are an intriguing organism, interacting in a complex eusocial colony setting as well as with the environment as they forage over wide areas. Much of that behavior is moderated by odors, which honey bees can detect at extremely low concentrations. This book presents current research from across the globe in the study of bees, including the importance of odor in learning and behavior of the honeybee; the role of honeybees in pollination ecology; threats to the stingless bee in the Brazilian Amazon; honeybee viruses and age-related associative and non-associative learning performance in honeybees.
Value Added Products From Beekeeping
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Author : R. Krell
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 1996
Value Added Products From Beekeeping written by R. Krell and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
The purpose of this bulletin is to introduce beekeepers, people considering keeping bees and those interested in processing and marketing to the large diversity of products that can be derived from beekeeping for income generation. Each product category, includinng cosmetics, derived from basic bee products such as honey, pollen, wax, propolis, royal jelly, venom, adult and larval honeybees, is presented in this publication, providing history, description, product quality, marketing aspects and a few selected recipes. A detailed bibliography, a list of suppliers of equipment, conversion of weights and Codex Alimentarius Standards for Honey are given in the annexes.
Effects Of Pesticides On Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L
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Author : Maria Teresa Renzi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Effects Of Pesticides On Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L written by Maria Teresa Renzi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
In this study, some important aspects of the relationship between honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and pesticides have been investigated. In the first part of the research, the effects of the exposure of honey bees to neonicotinoids and fipronil contaminated dusts were analyzed. In fact, considerable amounts of these pesticides, employed for maize seed dressing treatments, may be dispersed during the sowing operations, thus representing a way of intoxication for honey bees. In particular, a specific way of exposure to this pesticides formulation, the indirect contact, was taken into account. To this aim, we conducted different experimentations, in laboratory, in semi-field and in open field conditions in order to assess the effects on mortality, foraging behaviour, colony development and capacity of orientation. The real dispersal of contaminated dusts was previously assessed in specific filed trials. The results showed a significant effect on mortality of neonicotinoids and fipronil contaminated dusts, both in laboratory and in semi-field trials. However, no effects were evidenced in honey bees orientation capacity.In the second part, the impact of various pesticides (chemical and biological) on honey bee biochemical-physiological changes, was evaluated. Different ways and durations of exposure to the tested products were also employed. Three experimentations were performed, combining Bt spores and deltamethrin, Bt spores and fipronil, difenoconazole and deltamethrin. Several important enzymes (GST, ALP, SOD, CAT, G6PDH, GAPDH) were selected in order to test the pesticides induced variations in their activity. In particular, these enzymes are involved in different pathways of detoxification, oxidative stress defence and energetic metabolism. The analysis of different biochemical indicators highlighted some interesting physiological variations that can be linked to the pesticide exposure. We therefore stress the attention on the possibility of using such a methodology as a novel toxicity endpoint in environmental risk assessment.
The Wisdom Of The Hive
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Author : Thomas D Seeley
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
The Wisdom Of The Hive written by Thomas D Seeley and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Science categories.
This book describes and illustrates the results of more than fifteen years of elegant experimental studies conducted by the author to investigate how a colony of bees is organized to gather its resources. The results of his research--including studies of the shaking signal, tremble dance, and waggle dance--offer the clearest, most detailed picture available of how a highly integrated animal society works.
The Influence Of Pollen Quality And Pollen Based Cues On The Nutrition And Foraging Behaviour Of Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The Influence Of Pollen Quality And Pollen Based Cues On The Nutrition And Foraging Behaviour Of Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Changes in honey bee, 'Apis mellifera' L., worker fitness were determined after feeding caged, newly-emerged bees one of eight pollen diets. Freshly-collected pollen was compared with pollen that had been stored for one year at -30C in an oxygen-reduced atmosphere. Development of hypopharyngeal glands and ovaries was found to be correlated with the amount of protein consumed, and for some diets, protein appeared to be allocated between ovaries and glands differentially. Storing pollen for one year did not affect gland or ovary development. A second experiment was conducted to determine whether honey bee colonies responded to changes in the nutritional quality of their stored pollen reserve. Colony pollen reserves were manipulated either quantitatively or qualitatively, at high and low levels. Foraging rates, and the weight and species composition of pollen loads were determined. Colonies responded to a decrease in the quantity or quality of their pollen reserve by increasing the proportion of pollen foragers, without altering the overall foraging rate. Inexperienced foragers collected heavier loads and more species of pollen per foraging trip, and specialized on larger, more proteinaceous pollen than experienced foragers. Colonies appear to respond to deficiencies in stored protein levels by increasing the gross amount of pollen returned to the colony, rather than by specializing on pollen having a higher protein content. Colony-level responses to deficiencies in stored protein may be manifested by an increase in the ratio of naive to experienced foragers. Foragers receive colony-level feedback about pollen quality in order to match pollen intake with the protein need of the colony. In a third study, pollen-based foraging cues were evaluated using two-choice bioassays in a flight and rearing room. The importance of pollen grain size, protein content, handling time and odour were assessed as foraging cues for worker bees. Pollen odour was the dominant cue foragers us.
Evaluation Of Physiological And Pheromonal Factors Regulating Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L Hymenoptera
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Author : Ramesh Reddy Sagili
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Evaluation Of Physiological And Pheromonal Factors Regulating Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L Hymenoptera written by Ramesh Reddy Sagili and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This dissertation examines some important physiological and pheromonal factors regulating foraging and colony growth in honey bee colonies. The first study analyzed effects of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) on the development of hypopharyngeal gland, midgut enzyme activity and survival of the honey bee. In this study newly emerged caged bees were fed pollen diets containing three different concentrations of SBTI. Bees fed 1% SBTI had significantly reduced hypopharyngeal gland protein content. This study indicated that nurse bees fed a pollen diet containing at least 1% SBTI would be poor producers of larval food. In the second study nurse bee biosynthesis of brood food was manipulated using SBTI, and the resulting effects on pollen foraging were measured. Experimental colonies were given equal amounts of SBTI treated and untreated pollen. SBTI treatments had significantly lower hypopharyngeal gland protein content than controls. There was no significant difference in the ratio of pollen to non-pollen foragers and pollen load weights collected between the treatments. These results supported the pollen foraging effort predictions generated from the direct independent effects hypothesis. In the third study we tested whether brood pheromone (BP) regulated queen egg laying via modulation of worker-queen interactions and nurse bee rearing behaviors. This experiment had BP and control treatments. Queens in the BP treatment laid greater number of eggs, were fed for a greater amount of time and were less idle. Significantly more time was spent in cell cleaning by the bees in BP treatments. The results suggest that brood pheromone regulated queen egg-laying rate by modulating worker-queen interactions and nurse bee rearing behavior. The final study of this dissertation focused on how dose-dependent BP-mediated division of labor affected the partitioning of non-foraging and foraging work forces and the amount of brood reared. Triple cohort colonies were used and there were three treatments, Low BP, High BP and Control. Low BP treatments had significantly higher ratio of pollen to non-pollen foragers and greater pollen load weights. Low BP treatment bees foraged at a significantly younger age. This study has shown that BP elicits dose-dependent modulation of foraging and brood rearing behaviors.
Worker Responses To And Queen Production Of Honeybee Apis Mellifera L Queen Mandibular Pheromone
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Author : Tanya Pankiw
language : en
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
Release Date : 1995
Worker Responses To And Queen Production Of Honeybee Apis Mellifera L Queen Mandibular Pheromone written by Tanya Pankiw and has been published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Bees categories.
Effects Of Used Brood Comb And Propolis On Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L And Their Associated Bacterium Melissococcus Plutonius
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Author : Stephanie K. Murray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Effects Of Used Brood Comb And Propolis On Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L And Their Associated Bacterium Melissococcus Plutonius written by Stephanie K. Murray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with European foulbrood categories.
Wax brood comb is the place where larval honey bees are reared, making it the physical heart of a honey bee colony. Generations of larval rearing darken the color of the wax and leave behind layers of excrement, silken cocoons and sometimes bacterial or fungal spores that are harmful to developing or adult honey bees. Additionally, the chemical nature of beeswax creates a sink for many compounds to be absorbed—these include pesticides and beekeeper-applied acaricides, as well as pheromones produced by larval honey bees. Finally, propolis—a dark brown antimicrobial substance collected by bees from plant buds—can also become concentrated around the rims of wax comb cells. As beekeepers become more aware of the risks caused by potential pesticide and microbe build-up, a practice known as brood comb replacement is becoming more popular in the United States. With this practice, beekeepers are systematically removing and replacing old brood combs after several years in use. However, there is little research on the effects of old brood comb on honey bee survival or the frequency with which beekeepers should replace brood comb. Additionally, some beekeepers prefer to save old brood combs, as they are preferred by honey bee swarms that are settling into a new nest space. This thesis aims to elucidate some of the potential benefits of old darkened brood comb by recording differences in colony preference for, larval survival on, and antimicrobial activity of wax combs that have or have not been used for larval rearing. Overall, we observed no differences in colony preference for or larval survival on comb treatments that were or were not previously used for larval rearing. However, there were antimicrobial effects of extracts made from both darkened brood comb and light honey comb against a honey bee pathogen, Melisococcus plutonius—the bacterial agent responsible for a larval bee disease called European Foulbrood. Extracts of propolis were also found to inhibit M. plutonius growth, suggesting that the antimicrobial effects of wax may derive from the propolis incorporated into wax. However, the antibacterial components of wax combs are still unknown and should be studied further.