The Feasibility Of Waste Cooking Oil As Biodiesel In Hong Kong
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Feasibility Of Waste Cooking O
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Author : Lai-Ling Li
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Feasibility Of Waste Cooking O written by Lai-Ling Li and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with Science categories.
This dissertation, "The Feasibility of Waste Cooking Oil as Biodiesel in Hong Kong" by Lai-ling, Li, 李麗玲, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: With an alarming increase in dumping of municipal solid waste to landfill in Hong Kong, of which food waste dominated, it is now the best opportunity to promote the use of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oils. Biodiesel has its main advantages as renewability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-greenhouse effect contributor and safety. In this project, biodiesel was produced from waste cooking oils in laboratory. The feedstock used were home-used deep-frying canola oil, home-used pig oil, deep-fried oil obtained from a restaurant and fresh canola oil. Investigation and comparison were made between household waste cooking oil, restaurant cooking oil and fresh cooking oil in terms of quantity and quality by analysis on product density, cloud point, pour point and components by gas chromatography as well as mass spectrometry. Waste cooking Waste cooking oils should be used for biodiesel production because of its low price and sustainability. In comparison of biodiesel yield and quality produced from household waste cooking oil with restaurant waste cooking oil, household waste cooking oil was a better feedstock. In terms of technology and huge amount of waste cooking oil generated in Hong Kong, biodiesel production in mass way is feasible. Future investigation will be needed for collection of waste cooking oil from household level such as implementation of pilot-scaled collection and production scheme in large estates. Subjects: Biodiesel fuels - China - Hong Kong
The Feasibility Of Waste Cooking Oil As Biodiesel In Hong Kong
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Author : 李麗玲
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Feasibility Of Waste Cooking Oil As Biodiesel In Hong Kong written by 李麗玲 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Biodiesel fuels categories.
Review On Application And Feasibility Of Biodiesel In Hong Kong And How Government Policies Can Support Industry Efficiency
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Author : Chee-Yun Joyce Tam
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Review On Application And Feasibility Of Biodiesel In Hong Kong And How Government Policies Can Support Industry Efficiency written by Chee-Yun Joyce Tam and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "Review on Application and Feasibility of Biodiesel in Hong Kong and How Government Policies Can Support Industry Efficiency?" by Chee-yun, Joyce, Tam, 談知恩, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Hong Kong is vulnerable to energy and economic security due to the heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels. Waste has also been a major environmental management problem due to the amount of rubbish produced every year but lacking the technology and capital to manage different types properly. The objective of the dissertation is to study the feasibility of the use of biofuel in Hong Kong by recycling local waste. Current government policies in Hong Kong and overseas are being investigated on the appropriateness for domestic use. Literature reviews and stakeholders' questionnaires are accounted to analyse the adaptability and popularity of the biodiesel application. The methodology of the dissertation is to firstly examine literature reviews regarding biodiesel's environmental aspect, technical efficiencies, economic aspect, government incentives and tax constraints. The consensus outcome of these researches advocated high popularity of biodiesel consumption and production in Europe and U.S. due to lower environmental impact, equivalent output efficiency and strong government support. Their successful implementation is a good example to improvise biodiesel domestically in Hong Kong. Secondly, interviews were conducted with Hong Kong's limited stakeholders. Respondents such as Hong Kong International Airport, Hong Kong Jockey Club, Fairwood Fastfood MTR Maritime Square were interviewed as these participants have been the pioneers in Hong Kong by recycling waste into biodiesel. On the production side, two out of three bio-refineries in Hong Kong provided their business sustainability and feasibility comments to pursue a long term goal. The limitation on responses might be focused solely on a few peer groups, and not the appropriate stakeholders with proper sampling size. However, the results are concurrent that biodiesel is one of the best alternative energy in Hong Kong. The dissertation draws positive results based on the following factors. Biodiesel can diminish the tremendous cost on waste management and landfill dumping. Using local food waste and industrial wastes from restaurants and food factories as feedstock to produce biodiesel is positive. This will also minimise the heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels to diversify energy sources. Refuelling of biodiesel fuel can be performed in any gas stations with the use of the existing infrastructure without any further requirement of new investment. Nonetheless, in order to facilitate the use of biodiesel, incentives programmes initiated by Hong Kong Government and the biofuel producers have to coherently promote this alternative fuel. The conclusion states that Hong Kong is completely feasible to adopt the use of biodiesel in medium to heavy sized vehicles and vessels in the commercial sector. The environmental benefit of Hong Kong using biodiesel stood out compared to other form of renewable energy. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4854356 Subjects: Biodiesel fuels - Environmental aspects - China - Hong Kong
Overview Of The Feasibility Of Biodiesel From Waste Recycled Greases And Animal Fats
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Author : Ralph Groschen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Overview Of The Feasibility Of Biodiesel From Waste Recycled Greases And Animal Fats written by Ralph Groschen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Biodiesel fuels categories.
The Performance Of Biodiesel In In Service Motor Vehicles In Hongkong
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
The Performance Of Biodiesel In In Service Motor Vehicles In Hongkong written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
(Uncorrected OCR) Abstract of the thesis entitled "The Performance of Biodiesel in In-Service Motor Vehicles in Hong Kong" submitted by Cheng Wing-kuen for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2003 Biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oil and animal fats. Its renewable properties can contribute to improving the atmospheric carbon cycle and diminishing greenhouse effects. Biodiesel can also be produced by using waste lipids from factories and restaurants. In this case it can also contribute to reducing pollution and cutting handling costs for landfill dumping and wastewater treatment. Other advantages of biodiesel include a reduction of air pollutants and lower consumption of petroleum diesel. Although biodiesel has been developed for more than a decade, it has not been widely utilised in automobile applications. As the potential of this fuel deserves further study, I conducted a feasibility study on the use ofbiodiesel as a motor fuel in Hong Kong, and my findings are reported in this thesis. In this study I evaluated the performance of local in-service motor vehicles run on biodiesel in terms of: (a) engine performance and emission behaviour; and (b) short term and long term effects on engine compatibility and durability. In this thesis I present the results of chassis dynamometer emission testing, on-road measurement, and laboratory compatibility study on elastomers. The data are used to evaluate the impact of biodiesel blends. The average results of B20 show small variations in engine power ( -1 %) and NOx emission (0%), but a moderate reduction in smoke ( -15%), CO ( -15%) and HC ( -13%) emissions was noted. For BlOO, there was a small drop in engine power ( -3%) but a very significant reduction in smoke ( -52%), CO ( -27%) and HC ( -38%) emissions. A moderate increase in NOx emission (+9%) was observed. The results of the on-road tests showed that neat biodiesel fuels are able to re.
Waste Cooking Oil To Biodiesel Conversion For Institutional Vehicular Applications
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Author : David Elliot Frank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Waste Cooking Oil To Biodiesel Conversion For Institutional Vehicular Applications written by David Elliot Frank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Biodiesel fuels categories.
"Biodiesel is a renewable, sustainable, clean-burning biogenic fuel that can serve as a substitute for conventional ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). Biodiesel is comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids and is produced via transesterification, whereby glycerin is separated from the fatty acid component of either an oil or fat. The full process yields the fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel fuel) and glycerin, an economically valuable by-product. As part of a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Climate Showcase Communities Grant to Monroe County, New York and Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), the Golisano Institute for Sustainability (GIS) was engaged to develop a closed-loop biodiesel production process system using the food service waste cooking oil stocks. Because the waste oil feedstock supply and fuel demand are internal within the institution, the system dynamics, economic feasibility, and environmental benefits versus the incumbent ultra-low sulfur diesel can be effectively quantified. Along with establishing quantitative metrics associated with quality of the fuel itself, the main goal of this part of a broader research program included utilizing the biodiesel fuel for campus vehicular applications. Ultimately, developing a robust waste-to-energy process within the system boundaries of the institution is the desired outcome, along with economic valuation, emissions testing, fuel quality metrics and standardization, life cycle assessment, and energy return on investment for the university's stakeholders. Through the execution of this project, two successful biodiesel batches were produced which met American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) quality standards for vehicle use. Lower heating value (LHV) measurement demonstrated comparable embodied energy content to earlier published data. In addition, cloud point measurements were taken to understand the performance of the fuel in cold weather conditions, and these metrics were also consistent with published data for biodiesel fuels. Through direct measurements of exhaust gas composition, overall reductions in greenhouse gas emissions were observed in two test vehicles. However, consistent with published data, there is evidence that emissions of nitrous oxides (NOx) may be higher with a 20% biodiesel blend (B20), depending on the specific vehicle and the type of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve technology employed. According to a life cycle assessment conducted on the closed-loop biodiesel production process, the cumulative energy demand (CED) was 752 MJ/100 km and the global warming potential (GWP) was 80.6 kg CO2-eq./100 km. Crude oil-based diesel contributes the most to the energy and environmental impact to the total combustion CED and GWP of a B20 fuel mixture, while the methanol component contributes the greatest energy and environmental impact to just the biodiesel component. The energy return on investment (EROI) was determined to vary depending on specific waste oil properties and processing conditions, with a value of 4.16 determined to be most representative of the developed conversion process. This demonstrates that waste cooking oil biodiesel production at RIT is net energy positive, and thus can reasonably contribute to the University's renewable energy and GHG emissions reduction goals. The closed-loop biodiesel process also presented a compelling economic case, with a total computed cost of $3.35/gallon (including a conservative estimate for production labor) well lower than the reported national prices of B100 at retail market."-Abstract.
Biodiesel
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Author : Meisam Tabatabaei
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-02
Biodiesel written by Meisam Tabatabaei and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents in-depth information on the state of the art of global biodiesel production and investigates its impact on climate change. Subsequently, it comprehensively discusses biodiesel production in terms of production systems (reactor technologies) as well as biodiesel purification and upgrading technologies. Moreover, the book reviews essential parameters in biodiesel production systems as well as major principles of operation, process control, and trouble-shooting in these systems. Conventional and emerging applications of biodiesel by-products with a view to further economize biodiesel production are also scrutinized. Separate chapters are dedicated to economic risk analysis and critical comparison of biodiesel production systems as well as techno-economical aspects of biodiesel plants. The book also thoroughly investigates the important aspects of biodiesel production and combustion by taking advantage of advanced sustainability analysis tools including life cycle assessment (LCA) and exergy techniques. In closing, the application of Omics technologies in biodiesel production is presented and discussed. This book is relevant to anyone with an interest in renewable, more sustainable fuel and energy solutions.
Feasibility Of Biodiesel Production From Used Vegetable Oil In Carmarthenshire South Wales
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Author : Jan Cliff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Feasibility Of Biodiesel Production From Used Vegetable Oil In Carmarthenshire South Wales written by Jan Cliff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Biodiesel fuels categories.
A Preliminary Study On Cooking Oil Waste Management In Hong Kong
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Author : Yip-Wai Edward Chan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
A Preliminary Study On Cooking Oil Waste Management In Hong Kong written by Yip-Wai Edward Chan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "A Preliminary Study on Cooking Oil Waste Management in Hong Kong" by Yip-wai, Edward, Chan, 陳業偉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3125396 Subjects: Oils and fats - Environmental aspects - China - Hong Kong Refuse and refuse disposal - China - Hong Kong
Feasibility Study For A Community Scale Conversion Of Trap Grease To Biodiesel
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Author : Jingjing Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Feasibility Study For A Community Scale Conversion Of Trap Grease To Biodiesel written by Jingjing Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The world is experiencing fossil fuel depletion, global warming and environmental deterioration due to the overuse of fossil fuels. Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, is considered as part of the solution. Biodiesel has experienced rapid development and commercialization in the past decade, and the technology for biodiesel production has greatly improved in handling multiple feedstocks. But the development of the biodiesel industry is still facing challenges. The major obstacle to the wide use of biodiesel is that biodiesel is not cost-competitive compared with diesel fuels. The industry is constantly searching for low-cost, or even no-cost feedstocks. Therefore, trap grease can potentially serve as a promising biodiesel feedstock to boost the biodiesel industry. Trap grease is a mixture of oils, food debris and kitchen wastes. It is generated in grease traps in restaurants. In most municipalities in the US, trap grease, after being pumped out from grease traps by grease haulers, is either sent to wastewater treatment plant or directly to landfills. An intensive literature review has been conducted and the following facts have been obtained. In the US, grease is the number one cause of clogging of public sewers, which results in costly sanitary overflow or combined sewer overflows. Various utilization ways of trap grease include composting, land application, anaerobic co-digestion, making biodiesel, combustion, incineration and rendering, etc. If trap grease is utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel production, it is not only beneficial to the biodiesel industry, but also helps solve the trap grease disposal issue. However, the challenge lies in the extraction of the oil fractions from this highly heterogeneous low grade feedstock. The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a community scale conversion of trap grease to biodiesel. Trap grease sample used for this study was obtained from the Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (designated as MSD-TG). The MSD-TG mainly consists of water (58.94%), free fatty acids (FFAs) (20.69%) and unextractable part/solids (18.17%), with the lipid part of the MSD-TG being almost all FFAs. This study uses waste cooking oil (WCO) to extract the oil faction from the MSD-TG. WCO is also a low-cost biodiesel feedstock oil and using WCO as the solvent removes the solvent recovery step in the pretreatment process. The optimum extraction conditions were studied. It was found that 60° is the optimum extraction temperature. And at 60°, the optimum extraction duration is 90 minutes and the optimum extraction ratio is 4:1 (for every 10g of the MSD-TG 40mL (36g) of WCO is used). The extraction performance of WCO was evaluated by comparing it with three other organic solvents, methanol, hexane and isopropyl alcohol/hexane (2:1, v/v). WCO shows comparable performance among the four solvents. Based on the survey from trap grease haulers, the quantity of the grease trap waste (as semi solids) generated in Cincinnati is estimated to vary from 1.48 to 3.97 million pounds annually.
