The Flechas
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The Flechas
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Author : John Cann
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2014-01-19
The Flechas written by John Cann and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-19 with History categories.
In 1961, Portugal found itself fighting a war to retain its colonial possessions and preserve the remnants of its empire. It was almost completely unprepared to do so, and this was particularly evident in its ability to project power and to control the vast colonial spaces in Africa. Following the uprisings of March of 1961 in the north of Angola, Portugal poured troops into the colony as fast as its creaking logistic system would allow; however, these new arrivals were not competent and did not possess the skills needed to fight a counterinsurgency. While counterinsurgency by its nature requires substantial numbers of light infantry, the force must be trained in the craft of fighting a small war to be effective. The majority of the arriving troops had no such indoctrination and had been readied at an accelerated pace. Even their uniforms were hastily crafted and not ideally suited to fighting in the bush. In reoccupying the north and addressing the enemy threat, Portugal quickly realized that its most effective forces were those with special qualifications and advanced training. Unfortunately, there were only very small numbers of such elite forces. The maturing experiences of Portuguese and their consequent adjustments to fight a counterinsurgency led to development of specialized, tailored units to close the gaps in skills and knowledge between the insurgents and their forces. The most remarkable such force was the flechas, indigenous Bushmen who lived in eastern Angola with the capacity to live and fight in its difficult terrain aptly named Lands at the End of the Earth. Founded in 1966, they were active until the end of the war in 1974, and were so successful in their methods that the flecha template was copied in the other theaters of Guiné and Mozambique and later in the South African Border War. The flechas were a force unique to the conflicts of southern Africa. A flecha could smell the enemy and his weapons and read the bush in ways that no others could do. He would sleep with one ear to the ground and the other to the atmosphere and would be awakened by an enemy walking a mile away. He could conceal himself in a minimum of cover and find food and water in impossible places. In short, he was vastly superior to the enemy in the environment of eastern Angola, and at the height of the campaign there (19661974) this small force accounted for 60 per cent of all enemy kills. This book is the story of how they came to be formed and organized, their initial teething difficulties, and their unqualified successes.
The Flechas
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Author : John Cann
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2014-01-19
The Flechas written by John Cann and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-19 with History categories.
In 1961, Portugal found itself fighting a war to retain its colonial possessions and preserve the remnants of its empire. It was almost completely unprepared to do so, and this was particularly evident in its ability to project power and to control the vast colonial spaces in Africa. Following the uprisings of March of 1961 in the north of Angola, Portugal poured troops into the colony as fast as its creaking logistic system would allow; however, these new arrivals were not competent and did not possess the skills needed to fight a counterinsurgency. While counterinsurgency by its nature requires substantial numbers of light infantry, the force must be trained in the craft of fighting a ‘small war’ to be effective. The majority of the arriving troops had no such indoctrination and had been readied at an accelerated pace. Even their uniforms were hastily crafted and not ideally suited to fighting in the bush. In reoccupying the north and addressing the enemy threat, Portugal quickly realized that its most effective forces were those with special qualifications and advanced training. Unfortunately, there were only very small numbers of such elite forces. The maturing experiences of Portuguese and their consequent adjustments to fight a counterinsurgency led to development of specialized, tailored units to close the gaps in skills and knowledge between the insurgents and their forces. The most remarkable such force was the flechas, indigenous Bushmen who lived in eastern Angola with the capacity to live and fight in its difficult terrain aptly named ‘Lands at the End of the Earth’. Founded in 1966, they were active until the end of the war in 1974, and were so successful in their methods that the flecha template was copied in the other theaters of Guiné and Mozambique and later in the South African Border War. The flechas were a force unique to the conflicts of southern Africa. A flecha could smell the enemy and his weapons and read the bush in ways that no others could do. He would sleep with one ear to the ground and the other to the atmosphere and would be awakened by an enemy walking a mile away. He could conceal himself in a minimum of cover and find food and water in impossible places. In short, he was vastly superior to the enemy in the environment of eastern Angola, and at the height of the campaign there (1966–1974) this small force accounted for 60 per cent of all enemy kills. This book is the story of how they came to be formed and organized, their initial teething difficulties, and their unqualified successes.
The Flechas
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Author : John P. Cann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Flechas written by John P. Cann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Angola categories.
Flechas were a force unique to the conflicts of southern Africa. A flecha could smell the enemy and his weapons and read the bush in ways that no others could. He would sleep with one ear to the ground and the other to the atmosphere and would be awakened by an enemy walking a mile away. This account traces the development of the Flechas, an array of highly effective elite and specialized troops.
Spain In Arms
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Author : E. R. Hooton
language : en
Publisher: Casemate Publishers
Release Date : 2019-02-19
Spain In Arms written by E. R. Hooton and has been published by Casemate Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-19 with History categories.
This detailed military history of the Spanish Civil War dispels long-held misconceptions and sheds significant new light on the conflict. Spain in Arms chronicles the development of the Spanish Civil War on the battlefield, examining eight campaigns waged between 1937 and 1939. Through detailed analysis, it demonstrates how many accounts of military operations during this conflict are based upon half-truths and propaganda. From the Madrid Front to the Catalonia Offensive, each campaigns is chronicled with special focus on the weapons and tactics used, as well as the moment-to-moment decisions of both Republican and Nationalist generals. Hooton also sheds light on the true extent of foreign intervention in the conflict. Using British and French archives, he produces a more accurate—and radically different—account of the battles and the factors that shaped them. Ultimately, Hooton reveals the superiority of the Nationalist alliance in both training and overall command. Spain in Arms draws on specialized German, Italian and Russian works, and is the first book to quote secret data about Italian air operations intercepted by the British. A magisterial work of military history, it combines detailed analysis with historical context, showing how the events of the Spanish civil War provide a link between the First and Second World Wars.
Apartheid S Black Soldiers
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Author : Lennart Bolliger
language : en
Publisher: Ohio University Press
Release Date : 2021-10-01
Apartheid S Black Soldiers written by Lennart Bolliger and has been published by Ohio University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-01 with History categories.
New oral histories from Black Namibian and Angolan troops who fought in apartheid South Africa’s security forces reveal their involvement, and its impact on their lives, to be far more complicated than most historical scholarship has acknowledged. In anticolonial struggles across the African continent, tens of thousands of African soldiers served in the militaries of colonial and settler states. In southern Africa, they often made up the bulk of these militaries and, in some contexts, far outnumbered those who fought in the liberation movements’ armed wings. Despite these soldiers' significant impact on the region’s military and political history, this dimension of southern Africa’s anticolonial struggles has been almost entirely ignored in previous scholarship. Black troops from Namibia and Angola spearheaded apartheid South Africa’s military intervention in their countries’ respective anticolonial war and postindependence civil war. Drawing from oral history interviews and archival sources, Lennart Bolliger challenges the common framing of these wars as struggles of national liberation fought by and for Africans against White colonial and settler-state armies. Focusing on three case studies of predominantly Black units commanded by White officers, Bolliger investigates how and why these soldiers participated in South Africa’s security forces and considers the legacies of that involvement. In tackling these questions, he rejects the common tendency to categorize the soldiers as “collaborators” and “traitors” and reveals the un-national facets of anticolonial struggles. Finally, the book’s unique analysis of apartheid military culture shows how South Africa’s military units were far from monolithic and instead developed distinctive institutional practices, mythologies, and concepts of militarized masculinity.
Descorchados 2023 Guide To The Wines Of Argentina Brazil Bolivia Chile Peru Uruguay
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Author : Patricio Tapia
language : en
Publisher: Pehoe Ediciones
Release Date : 2023-05-17
Descorchados 2023 Guide To The Wines Of Argentina Brazil Bolivia Chile Peru Uruguay written by Patricio Tapia and has been published by Pehoe Ediciones this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-17 with Cooking categories.
Descorchados is celebrating its 25th anniversary. It began as a guide to Chilean wines and as of 2010, it has covered the wines of South America in what is now the region’s most complete wine guide. This year we have tasted 5,159 wines, of which we have recommended 4,130 from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay in this edition, thereby presenting a wide-angle HD photograph of South America’s current wine scene. In Descorchados 2023 you’ll find reviews of more than 600 wineries and their recommended wines as well as the latest news about each country and detailed maps of their primary terroirs, plus rankings of the best wines listed by variety and origin, as well as the best values for money that we have found in our tastings this year. Descorchados is an essential tool for those who want to know more about the reality of South American wine and the people who are the major driving forces behind it.
The Battle For Mozambique
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Author : Stephen A. Emerson
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2014-02-19
The Battle For Mozambique written by Stephen A. Emerson and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-19 with History categories.
The sixteen-year-long war in Mozambique between the Frelimo government and Renamo rebels remains one of the most overlooked and misunderstood of the conflicts that raged across Africa during the height of the Cold War. While usually viewed as mere sideshow to more high-profile wars in Angola, Rhodesia and within apartheid South Africa itself, it nonetheless is noteworthy in its complexity, duration and destructiveness. Before it was all over in 1992 at least one million Mozambicans would be dead, millions more homeless and the country lying in ruins. Ultimately Frelimo would get its victory not on the battlefield but rather at the polling booth in 1994. Based on more than a decade of meticulous research, a review of thousands of pages of military records and documents, and dozens of in-depth interviews with political leaders, diplomats, generals, and soldiers and sailors, this book tells the story of the war from the perspective of those who fought it and lived it. It follows Renamo's growth from its Rhodesian roots in 1977 as a weapon against Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwean nationalist guerrillas operating from Mozambique through South African patronage in the early 1980s to Renamo's evolution as a self-sufficient nationalist insurgency. In tracing the ebb and flow of the conflict from the rugged mountains and Savannah forests of central Mozambique across the hot, humid Zambezi River valley and down to the very outskirts of the Mozambican capital in the far south, it examines the operational strategy of Frelimo and Renamo commanders in the field, the battles they fought and the lives of their troops. In doing so it highlights personal struggles, each side's successes and failures, and the missed opportunities to decisively turn the tide of war. Accordingly, this book provides the first real comprehensive military history of a war too long neglected and under appreciated in the chronicles of modern African history.
La Ultima Cruzada
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Author : Bob Cordery
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2018-02-22
La Ultima Cruzada written by Bob Cordery and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-22 with History categories.
This book has been written in direct response to the numerous requests for a revised and improved version of the previous Ð and now long out-of-print Ð second edition. Unlike the previous book, this edition presents the data it contains thematically in the hope that it will enable readers to quickly find the information they are looking for. LA ULTIMA CRUZADA is intended to be a sourcebook of information that will be useful to military historians and wargamers with an interest in the Spanish Civil War. The book comprises six parts: Part 1: The major political parties and main events of the Spanish Civil War Part 2: The Armies of the Spanish Civil War Part 3: The Navies of the Spanish Civil War Part 4: The Air Forces of the Spanish Civil War Part 5: The Spanish Police and Security Forces Part 6: Uniforms of the Spanish Civil War There is also a bibliography.
Bushmen Soldiers
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Author : Ian Uys
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2014-07-19
Bushmen Soldiers written by Ian Uys and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-19 with History categories.
The Bushman soldiers were the most outstanding all-round fighters of the Border War. As the first of the indigenous population to take up arms on South Africa's behalf, they were among the last to lay them down. The border's oldest and most bush-wise people, they became feared as relentless trackers and dedicated soldiers. Coming from a primitive hunter/gatherer culture, they responded well to a crash course in modern warfare. Their use of automatic weapons and mortars, coupled with their phenomenal tracking abilities, made them a formidable fighting force. During Operation Savannah they were deployed in a conventional role as Battle-Group Alpha, part of Task Force Zulu, and advanced approximately 2,000 kilometers in a month. Afterwards, some of the Bushmen were trained as parachutists and served as Recces behind enemy lines. Others were attached to various units as trackers and guides. Their loyalty and bravery was recognized in the award of Honoris Crux decorations to members and former members of this elite corps. Controversy followed the battalion to South Africa after the war. Persecuted for centuries, the Bushmen have displayed an uncanny ability to survive and have adapted remarkably well to the modern world. Their transition from the Stone Age in less than 20 years is a story, which will never be forgotten. Hailed as the 'Gurkhas of Africa' the Bushmen have proved themselves second to none. This is an exceptional record of 31 and 201 Battalions and their remarkable personnel, fully illustrated with many photographs.
Following The Flechas
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Author : Brenna Halpin
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2012-06
Following The Flechas written by Brenna Halpin and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06 with categories.
I walked the Camino de Santiago, a Catholic Pilgrimage route in Northern Spain. The 450-mile journey from Pamplona to Santiago de Compostela took twenty-four days at approximately twenty miles per day. Named after Saint James, an apostle of Christ that spread Christianity to a Muslim Spain near AD 40, the Camino once functioned for pilgrims to trek to Santiago to pay homage to the remains of Saint James supposedly buried in the cathedral. Today, the Camino holds a very different meaning to many of its travelers. People choose to walk for a myriad of reasons: to lose weight, find Enlightenment, change one s ways, experience the adventure, challenge oneself, grow closer to nature, etc. Participant observation and interviewing travelers on the Camino shed light on these reasons, introducing the Camino to the world as a way to find one s own path. This book follows my journey chronologically and shares the stories of other pilgrims on the trail.