The Foraging Ecology Of Peruvian Seabirds
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The Foraging Ecology Of Peruvian Seabirds
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Author : D.C. DUFFY
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
The Foraging Ecology Of Peruvian Seabirds written by D.C. DUFFY and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
The Predator S Dilemma
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Author : Charlotte Boyd
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Predator S Dilemma written by Charlotte Boyd and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Marine fishes categories.
Understanding relationships between predators and their prey is a central question in ecology and ecosystem management. For seabirds, relationships between food availability and breeding success and survival are typically non-linear. Reduced food availability has been identified as a potential threat to seabirds and other central place foragers (CPFs), especially in regions where large commercial fisheries target forage fish. For CPFs, food availability can be defined in terms of abundance, accessibility, concentration, and distance from the colony. The design of effective conservation responses depends on understanding the effects of changes in food availability on foraging success. The goal of this research was to strengthen understanding of the effects of changes in various aspects of prey availability on the foraging success of seabirds and other CPFs. A spatially-explicit individual-based foraging model (IBFM) was developed, guided by the foraging ecology of two seabird species, the Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata) and Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii). The prey field in the IBFM was derived from geostatistical simulations of the distribution of Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) based on acoustic survey data representing contrasting foraging conditions. Seabird tracking data were partitioned into different movement modes to guide simulation of movement processes. Decision rules in the IBFM were informed by analysis of foraging site selection by Peruvian Boobies and Guanay Cormorants in terms of the abundance and depth distribution of their prey. The effects of different assumptions about search strategies used by seabirds to locate ephemeral prey patches were explored in the IBFM. The IBFM was then used to investigate the effects of changes in the abundance and distribution of prey on the foraging success of Peruvian Boobies and Guanay Cormorants. The results highlight the importance of the depth distribution of prey for surface-foraging seabirds, and provide insights into differences in the vulnerabilities of the two seabird species to changes in the abundance and distribution of their prey. More broadly, the results have implications for the potential effectiveness of marine protected areas and other fisheries management strategies in safeguarding the foraging success of CPFs in the context of environmental variability that affects the distribution of prey.
Biology Of Marine Birds
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Author : E. A. Schreiber
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2001-08-16
Biology Of Marine Birds written by E. A. Schreiber and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-16 with Nature categories.
Biology of Marine Birds provides the only complete summary of information about marine birds ever published. It analyzes their breeding biology, ecology, taxonomy, evolution, fossil history, physiology, energetics, and conservation. The book covers four orders of marine birds in detail and includes two summary chapters that address the biology of shorebirds and wading birds and their lives in the marine environment. Summary tables give detailed information on various aspects of their life histories, breeding biology, physiology and energetics, and demography. It provides a guide to ornithologists and students for research projects.
Seabirds
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Author : J. P. Croxall
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1987-05-14
Seabirds written by J. P. Croxall and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-05-14 with Nature categories.
Originally published in 1986, this book is concerned with the ways in which seabirds function as predators in the marine environment; in particular about how they find and catch food and how much of it they consume. It reviews both the feeding ecology of seabirds (including adaptations for flight and diving) and also most of the leading field studies (in polar, temperate and tropical regions) that have quantitatively examined the interactions of seabird communities with their prey.
Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds At Sea
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Author : José Manuel Arcos Pros
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds At Sea written by José Manuel Arcos Pros and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Variability In Foraging Ecology And Food Consumption By Seabirds At High Latitudes
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Author : Eric J. Woehler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Variability In Foraging Ecology And Food Consumption By Seabirds At High Latitudes written by Eric J. Woehler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Fork-tailed storm petrel categories.
Fishery Bulletin
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Fishery Bulletin written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Fisheries categories.
Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In The European High Arctic
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Author : Fridtjof Mehlum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In The European High Arctic written by Fridtjof Mehlum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
The Aquatic World Of Penguins
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Author : David G Ainley
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-12-12
The Aquatic World Of Penguins written by David G Ainley and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-12 with Science categories.
Centuries ago, when penguins were first encountered by European explorers, they were not thought to be birds but rather a fish-like relative. Subsequent accumulation of knowledge has shown penguins to be an avian species with unrivaled aquatic attributes, owing to a number of evolutionary adaptations: shape change, low drag, ability to regulate buoyancy, and extraordinary surface compliancy from their featheration. They are indeed the most extremely specialized diving bird, having given up flight (which otherwise is hugely advantageous) to the benefit of underwater prowess (such as speed, maneuverability and an ability to exploit an extraordinary range of depths). This flightlessness, however, also comes with costs that are substantial for a seabird (such as the inability to cover large distances quickly in reaction to ephemeral prey); and the energy needed to cope with moving through an aqueous environment, which is more resistant than air. For penguins, the high energetic costs in exploiting the ocean environment thus makes them especially sensitive to changes in food availability or their access to their prey. While a number of “penguin books” cover the natural history, mainly of breeding aspects, few address in much detail the incredible aquatic nature of these creatures. A huge amount of information has been amassed over recent past decades thanks to dramatic advances in microelectronics, bio-logging and maturation of some long-term studies of penguin life history. This work represents an integration of all these data with charts, maps and graphs, along with richly illustrated photos by experts in the field.
The Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In Relation To Contaminant Exposure And Oceanographic Habitat
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Author : Morgan E. Gilmour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Foraging Ecology Of Seabirds In Relation To Contaminant Exposure And Oceanographic Habitat written by Morgan E. Gilmour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The vastness of the ocean makes it difficult to study. This is compounded by regional differences in temperature, wind patterns, underwater topography, and primary productivity that extend from the ocean's surface to depths of thousands of meters. Many organisms that inhabit the marine environment navigate many environmental changes as they move between regions in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The ability to navigate through different habitat types indicates that marine animals may be adaptable to multiple environments; however, it also suggests that they may be exposed to multiple hazards, including hazards of anthropogenic originches Rates of anthropogenic inputs of chemicals and litter to the atmosphere and the ocean are increasing. However, many effects of anthropogenic compounds on marine life are only beginning to be understood. In this dissertation, I assessed foraging ecology, contaminants, and the effects of contaminants, in seabirds, which are unique among marine animals because they hunt for fishes and squid from the air, but breed on land. Land-based breeding enables them to be easily studied, and they are good samplers of the vast ocean because they travel tens to thousands of kilometers from the breeding colony to forage. I first tested the hypothesis that seabirds' foraging behaviors are related to local oceanographic habitats, and that they exhibit behavioral plasticity to exploit the marine environment. GPS-tracking and remotely-sensed environmental data of four species of boobies ( Sula spp.) demonstrated adaptable behaviors that changed depending on the type of oceanographic habitat in which boobies foraged (e.g. based on depth, sea surface temperature and topography). Second, I measured blood-based persistent organic pollutants (POP) and mercury contaminant concentrations in boobies and two species of frigatebirds (Fregata spp.) from four colonies in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. I combined blood-based contaminant measurements with two measures of foraging ecology (blood-based stable isotopes and GPS-tracking). Boobies and frigatebirds were exposed to different contaminants depending on their foraging habitat (e.g. nearshore vs offshore). Though three of the study sites were remote and uninhabited, all birds had contaminants. Lastly, I tested the hypothesis that mercury would negatively affect seabirds' breeding. I measured breeding in Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) and Great-winged Petrels (Pterodroma macroptera ) in the Southern Ocean (Western Australia). Though Great-winged Petrels' blood mercury concentrations were the highest among all seabirds, I did not detect relationships between mercury and breeding in either species. Overall, seabirds are adaptive to their local marine environment. They traverse many habitat types while foraging, which influences the concentrations and types of contaminants that they encounter. However, they may be adapted, or tolerant, to some contaminants like mercury. Seabirds are good samplers of the marine environment, and continue to serve as good indicators of oceanographic processes and contaminants found in the ocean.