The Furans
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The Furans
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Author : Andrew P. Dunlop
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953
The Furans written by Andrew P. Dunlop and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with Furans categories.
Handbook Of The Furans
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Author : Quaker Oats Company, Chicago
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1950
Handbook Of The Furans written by Quaker Oats Company, Chicago and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1950 with categories.
The Furans
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Author : The Quaker Oats Company. Technical division
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1935*
The Furans written by The Quaker Oats Company. Technical division and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1935* with categories.
Furan
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Author : Ida Bailey (Nova editor)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Furan written by Ida Bailey (Nova editor) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Furans categories.
In this compilation, the authors discuss the reactions of furans and formylfurans with aqueous hydrogen peroxide which are caused by peculiarities in the chemical behavior of these reagents, as well as their availability. It is known that the furan cycle can demonstrate properties of aromatic compounds, dienes and enoloethers depending on their structure and reaction conditions. Furans are used in medicinal chemistry as useful intermediates in the synthetic transformations aimed at the development of new pharmaceutical agents. As such, the authors also disclose the direct and atom-economical synthetic route to new [3,2-b]furan-fused pentacyclic triterpenoids via 5-exo-dig cyclization of accessible 2-alkynyl derivatives of betulonic, ursonic and oleanonic acids in the presence of the strong bases or catalyzed by transition gold complexes. The closing chapter presents research data published by the authors in the last five years on the new developed one-pot synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans by the reaction of symmetrical and unsymmetrical acetylenes with carboxylic acid esters and EtAlCl2 in the presence of metallic magnesium and the Cp2TiCl2 catalyst.
Some Reactions Involving The Furans In The Liquid Ammonia System
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Author : Russell Edward Compa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1935
Some Reactions Involving The Furans In The Liquid Ammonia System written by Russell Edward Compa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1935 with Heterocyclic compounds categories.
Economic Production Of Furans From Lignocellulosic Sugars
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Author : Ravikumar Gogar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Economic Production Of Furans From Lignocellulosic Sugars written by Ravikumar Gogar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Biomass chemicals categories.
Lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable and abundant feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals. Biomass-derived furans - 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and furfural, are versatile platform molecules that can be converted to drop-in fuels and precursors for synthetic materials. The lack of efficient pathways to furans from lignocellulosic sugars constitutes a major barrier to their industrial production. This hurdle is particularly severe with respect to the conversion of lignocellulosic sugars (glucose and xylose) to furans, stabilization of furans, especially HMF, and recovery of furans. It is now widely published that the better yield of furans is observed by dehydration of keto-isomers (fructose and xylulose) than aldo-isomers (glucose and xylose). However, cellulose fraction of naturally abundant lignocellulose yields aldoses (glucose and xylose) and isomerization of aldoses to ketoses is equilibrium limited. Further, in aqueous media HMF undergoes undesirable subsequent reactions such as rehydration to form levulinic acid and formic acid and degradative polymerization with itself and sugars, especially glucose, to form humins at high temperature. To address these challenges of efficient conversion of sugars, stabilization, and recovery of furans, our team recently developed hybrid enzyme-chemo-catalytic process for high-yield production of mixed-furans (HMF and furfural) [1-4]. In this process, glucose and xylose in biomass hydrolysates are first isomerized to corresponding ketoses (i.e. fructose and xylulose) using immobilized glucose-xylose isomerase. This enzymatic step is closely integrated with selective extraction of the ketoses into a water-immiscible octanol phase containing lipophilic quaternary ammonium salt and aryl boronic acid that have a selective affinity for ketoses. As a result, the isomerization and extraction occur simultaneously to drive the isomerization equilibrium towards formation of the ketose isomers - a process termed Simultaneous Isomerization and Reactive Extraction (SIRE). Next, the keto-sugars in the octanol phase are back extracted into an acidic ionic liquid medium that is uniquely suited for dehydration reactions - a process step termed Back Extraction (BE). Thereafter, the ketose-rich sugar mixture undergoes dehydration to furans in the ionic liquid which is part of a biphasic reaction mixture with tetrahydrofuran (THF) which allows extraction and stabilization of the furans as they are formed. Finally, the furans are recovered from THF by distillation. We performed the techno-economic assessment (TEA) for a furan production facility operating at feed rate of 1,000 MT of biomass hydrolysate sugars (dry-basis) per day via the SIRE-BE-Dehydration pathway. The discounted cash flow analysis of a process design that corresponded closely with experimental conditions (concentrated sugar feed and high yield dehydration) and conventional downstream processing, estimated the Minimum Furan Selling Price (MFSP) to be $2.4/kg when feedstock is sourced at $0.3/kg-dry-sugar. With integration of novel and energy efficient product and chemical recovery methods, the MFSP was significantly lower at $1.42/kg - a promising price-point for industrially important chemical products from furans. Sensitivity analyses identified overall furan yield, feedstock sugar costs, and energy cost to recover product furans from ionic liquid as the dominant contributors to the selling price. To improve the process economics, modification in BE and dehydration step of SIRE-BE-Dehydration process is proposed. Use of acidic aqueous media in BE step eliminates the need of ionic liquid and yet results into a concentrated sugar solution with high fructose-to-glucose ratio. For dehydration, use of renewable solvent - 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) having low heat of vaporization (383 kJ/kg, BP 85°C) as co-solvent is proposed after screening solvents and reaction optimization studies. The presence of polar aprotic solvent DME as co-solvent, selectively converts fructose into HMF, leaves glucose unreacted, and lowers the energy requirement as well as avoids the need of vacuum operation in separation processes. A pathway to recover unreacted glucose and HMF from the product mixture of water-DME by phase splitting using toluene as the ternary solvent is also demonstrated. The updated techno-economic assessment of the SIRE-BE process followed by dehydration in water-DME solvent system estimates a minimum selling price (MSP) of $1.32/kg-HMF solubilized in toluene at a concentration ideally suited for further product upgrading. Finally, the innovative SIRE process was studied in a flow reactor and transient studies were compared with the theoretical model.
Studies On The Furan Series
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Author : Seppo Pennanen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Studies On The Furan Series written by Seppo Pennanen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Furans categories.
Techniques For Measurement And Removal Of Dioxins And Furans
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Author : Vaishali Shahare
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-11-30
Techniques For Measurement And Removal Of Dioxins And Furans written by Vaishali Shahare and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-30 with Science categories.
This book is a well organised treatise on identification and measurement of dioxins and furan in the environment. It focuses on their source, fate, behaviour, analytical techniques for measurement, and removal/control methods. Although there are numerous publications that address this subject, rarely are prevention and control concepts considered together in a single volume. This book provides a tool for today's environmental researchers by focusing on an integrated approach to managing environmental pollution problems due to dioxins and furans. The overall objective of this book is not simply to provide a general reference, but to serve as a resource for developing approaches to managing environmental pollution problems due to dioxins and furans.
Biodegradation Of Dioxins And Furans
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Author : Rolf-Michael Wittich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Biodegradation Of Dioxins And Furans written by Rolf-Michael Wittich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Nature categories.
Bioremediation of organic pollutants and heavy metals by use of microorganisms represents a safe, inexpensive, and environmentally-friendly concept in modern environmental engineering. During the last three decades intense efforts have been made by microbiologists and environmental engineers in the isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of degradation, transformation and detoxification of recalcitrant chemical compounds of environmental concern: (polyhalogenated) dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and diphenyl ethers. Special emphasis is placed on the potential of molecular biology techniques to improve presently available biocatalysts.
Some Evidence Concerning The Structure Of The Furan Ring
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Author : Clayton Samuel Huey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1933
Some Evidence Concerning The Structure Of The Furan Ring written by Clayton Samuel Huey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1933 with Furans categories.