The Generic Book
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The Generic Book
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Author : Gregory N. Carlson
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1995-08
The Generic Book written by Gregory N. Carlson and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-08 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In an attempt to address the theoretical gap between linguistics and philosophy, a group of semanticists, calling itself the Generic Group, has worked to develop a common view of genericity. Their research has resulted in this book, which consists of a substantive introduction and eleven original articles on important aspects of the interpretation of generic expressions. The introduction provides a clear overview of the issues and synthesizes the major analytical approaches to them. Taken together, the papers that follow reflect the current state of the art in the semantics of generics, and afford insight into various generic phenomena.
The Generic Book
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Author : Gregory N. Carlson
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1995-08
The Generic Book written by Gregory N. Carlson and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-08 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In an attempt to address the theoretical gap between linguistics and philosophy, a group of semanticists, calling itself the Generic Group, has worked to develop a common view of genericity. Their research has resulted in this book, which consists of a substantive introduction and eleven original articles on important aspects of the interpretation of generic expressions. The introduction provides a clear overview of the issues and synthesizes the major analytical approaches to them. Taken together, the papers that follow reflect the current state of the art in the semantics of generics, and afford insight into various generic phenomena.
The Generic Book
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Author : Louis Shores
language : en
Publisher: Norman, Okla. : Library-College Associates
Release Date : 1977
The Generic Book written by Louis Shores and has been published by Norman, Okla. : Library-College Associates this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Audio-visual education categories.
Generic
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Author : Jeremy A. Greene
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2014-10-27
Generic written by Jeremy A. Greene and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-27 with Medical categories.
The turbulent history of generic pharmaceuticals raises powerful questions about similarity and difference in modern medicine. Generic drugs are now familiar objects in clinics, drugstores, and households around the world. We like to think of these tablets, capsules, patches, and ointments as interchangeable with their brand-name counterparts: why pay more for the same? And yet they are not quite the same. They differ in price, in place of origin, in color, shape, and size, in the dyes, binders, fillers, and coatings used, and in a host of other ways. Claims of generic equivalence, as physician-historian Jeremy Greene reveals in this gripping narrative, are never based on being identical to the original drug in all respects, but in being the same in all ways that matter. How do we know what parts of a pill really matter? Decisions about which differences are significant and which are trivial in the world of therapeutics are not resolved by simple chemical or biological assays alone. As Greene reveals in this fascinating account, questions of therapeutic similarity and difference are also always questions of pharmacology and physiology, of economics and politics, of morality and belief. Generic is the first book to chronicle the social, political, and cultural history of generic drugs in America. It narrates the evolution of the generic drug industry from a set of mid-twentieth-century "schlock houses" and "counterfeiters" into an agile and surprisingly powerful set of multinational corporations in the early twenty-first century. The substitution of bioequivalent generic drugs for more expensive brand-name products is a rare success story in a field of failed attempts to deliver equivalent value in health care for a lower price. Greene’s history sheds light on the controversies shadowing the success of generics: problems with the generalizability of medical knowledge, the fragile role of science in public policy, and the increasing role of industry, marketing, and consumer logics in late-twentieth-century and early twenty-first century health care.
Bottle Of Lies
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Author : Katherine Eban
language : en
Publisher: HarperCollins
Release Date : 2020-06-23
Bottle Of Lies written by Katherine Eban and has been published by HarperCollins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-23 with Medical categories.
A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER New York Times 100 Notable Books of 2019 New York Public Library Best Books of 2019 Kirkus Reviews Best Health and Science Books of 2019 Science Friday Best Books of 2019 New postscript by the author From an award-winning journalist, an explosive narrative investigation of the generic drug boom that reveals fraud and life-threatening dangers on a global scale—The Jungle for pharmaceuticals Many have hailed the widespread use of generic drugs as one of the most important public-health developments of the twenty-first century. Today, almost 90 percent of our pharmaceutical market is comprised of generics, the majority of which are manufactured overseas. We have been reassured by our doctors, our pharmacists and our regulators that generic drugs are identical to their brand-name counterparts, just less expensive. But is this really true? Katherine Eban’s Bottle of Lies exposes the deceit behind generic-drug manufacturing—and the attendant risks for global health. Drawing on exclusive accounts from whistleblowers and regulators, as well as thousands of pages of confidential FDA documents, Eban reveals an industry where fraud is rampant, companies routinely falsify data, and executives circumvent almost every principle of safe manufacturing to minimize cost and maximize profit, confident in their ability to fool inspectors. Meanwhile, patients unwittingly consume medicine with unpredictable and dangerous effects. The story of generic drugs is truly global. It connects middle America to China, India, sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil, and represents the ultimate litmus test of globalization: what are the risks of moving drug manufacturing offshore, and are they worth the savings? A decade-long investigation with international sweep, high-stakes brinkmanship and big money at its core, Bottle of Lies reveals how the world’s greatest public-health innovation has become one of its most astonishing swindles.
Genericity
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Author : Alda Mari
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013
Genericity written by Alda Mari and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the study of generics. It gathers new work from senior and young researchers and is organized along three main areas of study: the generic and individuals; genericity and time; and the sources of genericity and types of judgment.
The Generic Challenge
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Author : Martin A. Voet
language : en
Publisher: BrownWalker Press
Release Date : 2020-05-01
The Generic Challenge written by Martin A. Voet and has been published by BrownWalker Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-01 with Law categories.
This Sixth Edition of The Generic Challenge provides important new updates on current regulatory, legal and commercial issues affecting brand and generic pharmaceutical products, including new laws establishing generics for biologics, and changes brought about by the recently enacted America Invents Act. It explains clearly and understandably the roles of patents, FDA regulation of drugs and the Hatch Waxman Act in commercial drug development in light of generic challenges and how improvements in innovative drug products provide benefits to patients while extending the commercial lives of the drugs. There is simply no other book of its kind on this important subject.
Genericity
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Author : Alda Mari
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2012-12-20
Genericity written by Alda Mari and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the study of generics and pursues the enterprise of the influential Generic Book edited by Gregory Carlson and Jeffry Pelletier, which was published in 1995. Genericity is a key notion in the study of human cognition as it reveals our capacity to organize our perceived reality into classes and to describe regularities. The generic can be expressed at the level of a word or phrase (ie the potato in The Irish economy became dependent upon the potato) or an entire sentence (eg in John smokes a cigar after dinner, the generic aspect is a property of the expression, rather than any single word or phrase within it). This book gathers new work from senior and young researchers to reconsider the notion of genericity, examining the distinct contributions made by the determiner phrase (eg the notions of kind/individual) and the verbal predicate (eg the notions of permanency, disposition, ability, habituality, and plurality). Finally, in connection with the whole sentence, the analytic/synthetic distinction is discussed as well as the notion of normality. The book will appeal to both students and scholars in linguistics, philosophy and cognitive science
Porter S 1980 Generic Strategies Performance And Risk
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Author : Jan Eldring
language : en
Publisher: Diplomica Verlag
Release Date : 2009-05
Porter S 1980 Generic Strategies Performance And Risk written by Jan Eldring and has been published by Diplomica Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Porter's (1980) book Competitive Strategy has received a great deal of attention in the strategic management literature. Here Porter claims that competitive strategy is the search for a favorable competitive position in the industry, which can erode or improve, depending on a firm's choice of strategy. He derived a conceptual typology of three generic strategies that has already become a classic among scholars. They are cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies. Just recently Michael Raynor (2007) challenged Porter's widely accepted typology, by including another dimension in the discussion that previously did not find consideration: risk. He claims that firms that execute pure strategies are much more exposed to corporate risk than firms that execute hybrid strategies. Two arguments support his view. First Porter's and other studies include what is called a "survivor bias," meaning that firms that went bankrupt during the investigation (with a pure strategy) do not play a role in the analysis. Second firms that have hybrid strategies are much more flexible when market preferences shift and are therefore less exposed to strategic uncertainty. Raynor's work is a valuable extension to the strategic management literature that leads to an assessment of strategic choice on at least two dimensions: profitability and risk. The contribution of the study is then twofold. First Porter's typology is tested with German data. Secondly Raynor's argument is tested, whether the very same firms that are more successful have a higher risk of running into corporate bankruptcy. In order to have the necessary information, the first section of the study reviews the literature. Here the generic strategies are explained and the most important studies on the topic are summarized in a table. Then the "Strategy Paradox" is presented that describes Raynor's argumentation for an increase in risk with pure strategies. Two conflicting theories are mentioned that deal with the question
Generic Model Management
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Author : Sergey Melnik
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-04-28
Generic Model Management written by Sergey Melnik and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Many challenging problems in information systems engineering involve the manipulation of complex metadata artifacts or models, such as database schema, interface specifications, or object diagrams, and mappings between models. Applications solving metadata manipulation problems are complex and hard to build. The goal of generic model management is to reduce the amount of programming needed to solve such problems by providing a database infrastructure in which a set of high-level algebraic operators are applied to models and mappings as a whole rather than to their individual building blocks. This book presents a systematic study of the concepts and algorithms for generic model management. The first prototype of a generic model management system is described, the algebraic operators are introduced and analyzed, and novel algorithms for implementing them are developed. Using the prototype system and the operators presented, solutions are developed for several practically relevant problems, such as change propagation and reintegration.