The Great Power Struggle For Australia 1900 1945
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The Great Power Struggle For Australia 1900 1945
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Author : Andrew Ross
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-09-28
The Great Power Struggle For Australia 1900 1945 written by Andrew Ross and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-28 with categories.
In the first half of the 20th Century, Australia became the economic battleground for the Great Powers, who sought to shape Australia's economy, while exploiting her resources. This meant restricting the development of secondary industry, through ruthless trading practices, while encouraging the development of mining and primary industry. If Australia were ever to gain a large population, and have the capability to defend herself, she had to develop secondary industry. Improbably, and against great resistance, particularly from Britain and Japan, Australia had industrialized itself by 1939. This was just in time for her greatest challenge, the war with Germany and Japan (Volume 2), where economic struggles were transformed into military contests. The rise of Australian secondary industry was an improbable event, achieved through great risk taking, against the monetary and economic strangle-hold of the Great Powers. Other currently industrializing nations would do well to consider the Australian experience.
The Great Power Struggle For Australia 1900 1945
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Author : Andrew Taylor Ross
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-03
The Great Power Struggle For Australia 1900 1945 written by Andrew Taylor Ross and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-03 with categories.
With the approach of the Second World War, Australia's economic struggles with the Great Powers declined, and were replaced with military struggles with the Axis Powers. Australian secondary industry had been seen by the British Board of Trade as a direct threat to British exports to Australia. It was now seen by the ascendant British Admiralty, War, Air and Supply Departments as a positive asset to the defence of the British Empire. This provided a window of opportunity to consolidate Australian secondary industry and to expose it to the latest technologies.However, the production of munitions in Australia was disrupted by the Australian Armed Services attempting to take control of the organisation of industry for war. After nine months of confusion, the Department of Munitions was formed with the power to direct all industry without the interference of the Armed Services. Production of established munitions moved ahead with great speed, but the design of fighter aircraft and armoured fighting vehicles floundered because the Air Force and the Army were unable to define competently the weapons that they wanted in these areas. Eventually, Australian designed weapons did emerge in these areas, which were better than Japanese equivalents, but they were not always up to the standards set by the USA and Britain. One exception was the Thunderbolt Tank which turned out to be the most powerful Western Allied tank until the last weeks of the War in Europe.By early 1942, Australian industry had produced enough equipment and munitions to arm a force of eight divisions. These forces had better weapons than the Japanese, and in most cases, were more numerous than for Japanese divisions. The size of force that the Japanese calculated they would need to overcome the Australian divisions, was larger than the Japanese could supply without weakening the Chinese front, and was too large for Japanese shipping to transport without crippling Japanese industry through lack of imported materials. This was the real reason why the Japanese chose not to invade Australia. The situation in the air was no better for the Japanese because the Australian designed and manufactured Boomerang fighter aircraft was capable of matching the Japanese Zero fighter, when operating within the Australian East coast radar network. This was made up of radars designed and made in Australia. The US Navy victory at Midway, allowed secure communications to be established to Papua/New Guinea. This enabled the transfer of Australian military power from continental Australia. This saw the beginning of brutal jungle warfare between Japanese and Australian forces. But the Australians adapted more comprehensively. Australian science and industry started to make a completely new suite of equipments and munitions so that they could withstand the deleterious jungle conditions. This also included food and clothing, and medical supplies. In contrast, Japanese equipment, munitions, food and clothing suffered great loss from jungle organisms. The Australian advantages eventually allowed them to sweep the Japanese forces aside, with very low casualties, while inflicting heavy loss on the Japanese. Australian battlefield dominance was never acknowledged by General MacArthur, who insisted in describing their successes as Allied victories, while describing American successes as US victories. In fact, MacArthur's victories until well into 1944, were nearly all achieved by the very experienced Australians.MacArthur's dependence on the Australians went even further than this. Australia supplied enormous quantities of materials and equipments to the US forces in the South West Pacific. Most of the food consumed by the one million Americans in the South West Pacific came from Australia. President Truman pointed out that Australia supplied, per head of population, as much support as the much larger USA. No other Allied country came close to this level of support.
The Great Power Struggle In East Asia 1944 50
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Author : Christopher Baxter
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-10-29
The Great Power Struggle In East Asia 1944 50 written by Christopher Baxter and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-29 with History categories.
The first full account of British policy towards China, Japan and Korea from the final stages of the Second World War to the outbreak of the Korean War, set against the backdrop of the Anglo-American relationship, broader Far Eastern developments, the beginnings of the Cold War, and Britain's relationship with the Commonwealth.
Fighting The People S War
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Author : Jonathan Fennell
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-24
Fighting The People S War written by Jonathan Fennell and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-24 with History categories.
Jonathan Fennell captures for the first time the true wartime experience of the ordinary soldiers from across the empire who made up the British and Commonwealth armies. He analyses why the great battles were won and lost and how the men that fought went on to change the world.
From Far East To Asia Pacific
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Author : Brian P. Farrell
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2022-07-18
From Far East To Asia Pacific written by Brian P. Farrell and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-18 with History categories.
The years 1900 to 1954 marked the transformation from an exotic, colonized "Far East" to a more autonomous, prominent "Asia Pacific". This anthology examines the grand strategies of great powers as they vied for influence and ultimately hegemony in the region. At the turn of the twentieth century, the main contestants included the venerable British Empire and the aspiring Japan and United States. The unwieldy leviathan of China, the European imperial holdings in Southeast Asia, and the expanses of the western Pacific emerged as battlegrounds in literal and geopolitical terms. Other less powerful nations, such as India, Burma, Australia, and French Indochina, also exercised agency in crafting grand strategies to further their interests and in their interactions with those great powers. Among the many factors affecting all nations invested in the Asia Pacific were such traditional elements as economics, military power, and diplomacy, as well as fluid traits like ideology, culture, and personality. The era saw the decline of British and European influence in the Asia Pacific, the rise and fall of Japanese imperialism, the emergence of American primacy, the ongoing struggle for independence in Southeast Asia, and China’s resurrection as a contender for hegemony. Great powers shifted and so too did their grand strategies.
World History Encyclopedia 21 Volumes
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Author : Alfred J. Andrea Ph.D.
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2011-03-23
World History Encyclopedia 21 Volumes written by Alfred J. Andrea Ph.D. and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-23 with History categories.
An unprecedented undertaking by academics reflecting an extraordinary vision of world history, this landmark multivolume encyclopedia focuses on specific themes of human development across cultures era by era, providing the most in-depth, expansive presentation available of the development of humanity from a global perspective. Well-known and widely respected historians worked together to create and guide the project in order to offer the most up-to-date visions available. A monumental undertaking. A stunning academic achievement. ABC-CLIO's World History Encyclopedia is the first comprehensive work to take a large-scale thematic look at the human species worldwide. Comprised of 21 volumes covering 9 eras, an introductory volume, and an index, it charts the extraordinary journey of humankind, revealing crucial connections among civilizations in different regions through the ages. Within each era, the encyclopedia highlights pivotal interactions and exchanges among cultures within eight broad thematic categories: population and environment, society and culture, migration and travel, politics and statecraft, economics and trade, conflict and cooperation, thought and religion, science and technology. Aligned to national history standards and packed with images, primary resources, current citations, and extensive teaching and learning support, the World History Encyclopedia gives students, educators, researchers, and interested general readers a means of navigating the broad sweep of history unlike any ever published.
The Rise And Fall Of British Naval Mastery
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Author : Paul Kennedy
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2017-01-26
The Rise And Fall Of British Naval Mastery written by Paul Kennedy and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with History categories.
Paul Kennedy's classic naval history, now updated with a new introduction by the author This acclaimed book traces Britain's rise and fall as a sea power from the Tudors to the present day. Challenging the traditional view that the British are natural 'sons of the waves', he suggests instead that the country's fortunes as a significant maritime force have always been bound up with its economic growth. In doing so, he contributes significantly to the centuries-long debate between 'continental' and 'maritime' schools of strategy over Britain's policy in times of war. Setting British naval history within a framework of national, international, economic, political and strategic considerations, he offers a fresh approach to one of the central questions in British history. A new introduction extends his analysis into the twenty-first century and reflects on current American and Chinese ambitions for naval mastery. 'Excellent and stimulating' Correlli Barnett 'The first scholar to have set the sweep of British Naval history against the background of economic history' Michael Howard, Sunday Times 'By far the best study that has ever been done on the subject ... a sparkling and apt quotation on practically every page' Daniel A. Baugh, International History Review 'The best single-volume study of Britain and her naval past now available to us' Jon Sumida, Journal of Modern History
The South China Sea
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Author : Bill Hayton
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2014-10-28
The South China Sea written by Bill Hayton and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-28 with History categories.
China’s rise has upset the global balance of power, and the first place to feel the strain is Beijing’s back yard: the South China Sea. For decades tensions have smoldered in the region, but today the threat of a direct confrontation among superpowers grows ever more likely. This important book is the first to make clear sense of the South Sea disputes. Bill Hayton, a journalist with extensive experience in the region, examines the high stakes involved for rival nations that include Vietnam, India, Taiwan, the Philippines, and China, as well as the United States, Russia, and others. Hayton also lays out the daunting obstacles that stand in the way of peaceful resolution. Through lively stories of individuals who have shaped current conflicts—businessmen, scientists, shippers, archaeologists, soldiers, diplomats, and more—Hayton makes understandable the complex history and contemporary reality of the South China Sea. He underscores its crucial importance as the passageway for half the world’s merchant shipping and one-third of its oil and gas. Whoever controls these waters controls the access between Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, and the Pacific. The author critiques various claims and positions (that China has historic claim to the Sea, for example), overturns conventional wisdoms (such as America’s overblown fears of China’s nationalism and military resurgence), and outlines what the future may hold for this clamorous region of international rivalry.
A Companion To International History 1900 2001
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Author : Gordon Martel
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2010-03-29
A Companion To International History 1900 2001 written by Gordon Martel and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-29 with History categories.
A comprehensive overview of the most important international events, movements, and controversies of the 20th century. Written by distinguished scholars, each an authority in their field Explores influential, underlying themes such as imperialism, nationalism, internationalism, technological developments, and changes in diplomatic methods Addresses a broad range of topics, including diplomacy of wartime and peacemaking, the cold war era and the "new world order", the end of European empires, the rise of nationalism in the Third World, globalization, and terrorism Chronological organization makes the volume easily accessible Includes useful guides for further reading and research
France In The South Pacific
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Author : Denise Fisher
language : en
Publisher: ANU E Press
Release Date : 2013-05-23
France In The South Pacific written by Denise Fisher and has been published by ANU E Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-23 with History categories.
France is a Pacific power, with three territories, a military presence, and extensive investments. Once seen by many as a colonial interloper in the South Pacific, by the early 2000s, after it ended nuclear testing in French Polynesia and negotiated transitional Accords responding to independence demands in New Caledonia, France seems to have become generally accepted as a regional partner, even if its efforts concentrate on its own territories rather than the independent island states. But Frances future in the region has yet to be secured. By 2014 it is to have handed over a set of agreed autonomies to the New Caledonian government, before an independence referendum process begins. Past experience suggests that a final resolution of the status of New Caledonia will be divisive and could lead once again to violent confrontations. In French Polynesia, calls continue for independence and for treatment under UN decolonisation procedures, which France opposes. Other island leaders are watching, so far putting faith in the Noumea Accord, but wary of the final stages. The issues and possible solutions are more complex than the French Pacific island population of 515,000 would suggest. Combining historical background with political and economic analysis, this comprehensive study offers vital insight into the intricate history -- and problematic future -- of several of Australias key neighbours in the Pacific and to the priorities and options of the European country that still rules them. It is aimed at policy-makers, scholars, journalists, businesspeople, and others who want to familiarise themselves with the issues as Frances role in the region is redefined in the years to come.