The Impact Of The Euro On The Quality Of Trade
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The Impact Of The Euro On The Quality Of Trade
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Author : Tadashi Ito
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Impact Of The Euro On The Quality Of Trade written by Tadashi Ito and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This paper examines the effects of a common currency on the quality of traded goods. For this purpose, we construct a quality-based heterogeneous firm trade model to incorporate the formation of currency unions and the ensuing elimination of exchange rate volatility. Our main hypothesis is that a common currency enables low-quality (low marginal cost) firms to commence exporting to the common currency's member countries, which causes the average export price to fall. We empirically test this hypothesis for the euro and the eurozone using Harmonized System 8-digit traded product data for European Union countries.
Study On The Impact Of The Euro On Trade And Foreign Direct Investment
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Author : Richard E. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Study On The Impact Of The Euro On Trade And Foreign Direct Investment written by Richard E. Baldwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business categories.
Recoge: 1. Introduction - 2. The essential toolkit: gravity equation theory and econometrics - 3. Trade pricing effects of the euro - 4. Firm level evidence on the euro's trade effect - 5. The newly-traded goods hypothesis: evidence from the trade data - 6. The impact of the euro on foreign direct investment and cross-border mergers and acquisitions - 7. Discussion of channels and the specific questions - 8. Concluding remarks.
In Or Out
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Author : Richard E. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher: Centre for Economic Policy Research
Release Date : 2006
In Or Out written by Richard E. Baldwin and has been published by Centre for Economic Policy Research this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Commerce categories.
Annotation. "This report marshals the best available empirical evidence on the size and nature of the euro's pro-trade effects and groups the policy implications of these findings into two broad categories - lessons for potential joiners; and lessons for the euro area's current members and its economic management."--Jacket.
The Impact Of The Euro On International Trade And Investment
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Author : Henry Flam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
The Impact Of The Euro On International Trade And Investment written by Henry Flam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Study On The Impact Of The Euro On Trade And Foreign Direct Investment
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Author : Richard E. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Study On The Impact Of The Euro On Trade And Foreign Direct Investment written by Richard E. Baldwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Euro categories.
"The introduction of the euro was the world's largest economic 'experiment.' This experiment opens the door to a major advance in our understanding of how a common currency affects economic activity. When it comes to the euro's trade effects the first contribution of this report is to refine 'the number'. Using the latest data and best empirical methodology, we confirm the received wisdom that the euro has promoted trade significantly, with the aggregate impact being in the range of 5% or so. The second main contribution of this report was to advance and refine our understanding of exact how the euro was boosting trade. The euro boosted trade inside the Eurozone since it lowered the relative price of traded goods coming from the Eurozone. The second main channel is the newly-trade goods channel. The third main contribution of the report concerns the euro's pro-FDI effects."--Publication information page
The Impact Of The Euro On Trade
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Author : Vanessa Gunnella
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
The Impact Of The Euro On Trade written by Vanessa Gunnella and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The consensus back in 2008 – ten years after the introduction of the euro – was that the adoption of a common currency had made a limited impact of around 2% in total on the trade flows of the first wave of euro area countries (Baldwin et al., 2008). Since then, six more countries have joined the euro area, and firms have internationalised their production processes. These two phenomena are interrelated and may have changed the way the common currency affects the euro area economy. Therefore, with the common currency now into its third decade – and with more countries queuing to adopt it – this paper revisits the trade effects of the euro, focusing on the newer euro adopters (i.e. those countries that have adopted the euro since 2007) and their interaction with the first wave of euro area members via supply chains. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it revisits the estimated aggregate impact of the euro on euro area trade, as well as on trade within and between the two waves of adopters. Data on bilateral flows between 1990 and 2015 for an extended sample of countries to estimate a gravity equation indicate a significant trade impact, ranging between 4.3% and 6.3% in total on average, with the magnitude being the highest for exports from the second wave of adopters to the first wave of adopters. If a synthetic control approach (Abadie and Gardeazabal, 2003; Abadie et al., 2010) is used instead, the estimated gains associated with euro adoption are greater. In particular, exports of both intermediate and final products from countries belonging to the first wave of euro adopters to those belonging to the second wave are estimated to have increased by about 30% using this approach. The second contribution made by this paper relates to the channels through which trade might be affected by a currency union. This question is explored by looking separately at trade in intermediate goods and final products. While we find that trade gains were mainly driven by trade in intermediate goods among countries that adopted the currency earlier (5.3%), our results also show that the euro had a positive effect on the exports of final products from the second wave of adopters to other euro area countries. This effect is as high as 10.6% with the gravity model and 32% with the synthetic control approach. One of the reasons for the difference in the range of estimates between the two approaches might be that the gravity model can control for unobserved characteristics via fixed effects, while the synthetic control approach may fail to do so. These results suggest that the euro facilitated the establishment and expansion of international production chains in Europe. In turn, this is likely to have increased business cycle synchronisation in the euro area and to have supported market access for later adopters.
Study On The Impact Of The Euro On Trade And Foreign Direct Investment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Study On The Impact Of The Euro On Trade And Foreign Direct Investment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Europe And The Euro
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Author : Alberto Alesina
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-04-15
Europe And The Euro written by Alberto Alesina and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-15 with Business & Economics categories.
It is rare for countries to give up their currencies and thus their ability to influence such critical aspects of their economies as interest and exchange rates. Yet ten years ago a number of European countries did exactly that when they adopted the euro. Despite some dissent, there were a number of arguments in favor of this policy change: it would facilitate exchange of goods, money, and people by decreasing costs; it would increase trade; and it would enhance efficiency and competitiveness at the international level. A decade is an ideal time frame over which to evaluate the success of the euro and whether it has lived up to expectations. To that aim, Europe and the Euro looks at a number of important issues, including the effects of the euro on reform of goods and labor markets; its influence on business cycles and trade among members; and whether the single currency has induced convergence or divergence in the economic performance of member countries. While adoption of the euro may not have met the expectations of its most optimistic proponents, the benefits have been many, and there is reason to believe that the euro is robust enough to survive recent economic shocks. This volume is an essential reference on the first ten years of the euro and the workings of a monetary union.
Structural Features Of Distributive Trades And Their Impact On Prices In The Euro Area
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Author : European System of Central Banks. Monetary Policy Committee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Structural Features Of Distributive Trades And Their Impact On Prices In The Euro Area written by European System of Central Banks. Monetary Policy Committee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with International economic relations categories.
The distributive trades sector, which is primarily accounted for by wholesale and retail trade, is not only economically important in its own right, but also relevant to monetary policy. Ultimately, it is retailers who set the actual prices of most consumer goods. They are the main interface between producers of consumer goods and consumers, with around half of private consumption accounted for by retail trade. The "value added" of this intermediation service can be substantial, as this accounts for, on average, about 25% of consumer prices. The purpose of this report is to analyse the structural features of the distributive trades sector and the developments within it, as well as how these may infl uence prices and price dynamics. Several aspects are relevant.^From a monetary policy point of view, increasing the degree of competition in the distributive trades sector may have effects not only on price levels, but also on price dynamics, via a reduction in mark-ups, an increase in price fl exibility and a greater and more rapid pass-through of changes in costs to prices. Structural developments, such as the increasing market penetration of hard discounters, online trade and private label brands, the role of buying groups and the relative bargaining power between producers and retailers are of great importance to consumers and price determination. In addition, these may have implications for the measurement of consumer prices and inflation.^More generally, the distributive trades sector plays an important role in determining cross-country differentials in productivity growth, both within and outside Europe: the sector has accounted for over one-third of the widening gap in aggregate productivity between the euro area and the United States since the mid-1990s. A specifi c contribution of this report is the use of a wide range of data sources, including a unique dataset on the location of over 100,000 individual grocery stores across most of the euro area, to investigate how to better measure the degree of competition and concentration in this sector, and to compare sector developments from a national, regional and local perspective.
Trade In Counterfeit And Pirated Goods
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Author : Piotr Stryszowski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Trade In Counterfeit And Pirated Goods written by Piotr Stryszowski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This study offers unique up-to-date analysis of the impact on global trade of counterfeit and pirated products, known as "fakes" by the general public. Using statistical analysis and drawing on a global dataset covering almost half million customs data on seizures, the study estimates the huge share of international trade commandeered by counterfeit and pirated goods. In 2013, international trade in such products represented up to 2.5% of world trade, or as much as USD 461 billion. This is the equivalent of the GDP of Austria, or the combined GDP of Ireland and the Czech Republic. Above all, it highlights that right holders, governments and the formal economy as a whole suffer from significant economic and social losses. It also gives an idea about the potential financial revenues collected by criminal networks that are behind such trade.^More specifically, counterfeit and pirated products amounted to up to 5 % of imports in 2013 in the European Union, or as much as EUR 85 billion (USD 116 billion). This suggests that the relative impact of counterfeiting is twice as high for a group of developed countries, such as the EU, than it is for the world as a whole. The scope of the phenomenon appears to be greater than a decade ago. Back in 2008, a previous OECD study estimated that counterfeit and pirated goods accounted for up to 1.9 % of world imports, or up to USD 200 billion, relying on the best data and more limited methods available at that time. In the context of today's revival of international trade in the global economy, there is no shortage of opportunities for counterfeiters and criminals. Counterfeit and pirated trade is a major threat to any modern, knowledge-based economy. Counterfeiting and piracy matter in an innovation driven global economy.^Intellectual property (IP) is a key value generator for firms, helping them succeed in competitive markets. At the macroeconomic level, IP protection and enforcement is one of the main drivers of innovation, which contributes to long term economic growth. Given the fundamental economic importance of IP, counterfeiting and piracy must be directly targeted as a threat to sustainable IP-based business models.