The Impact Of Trade Prices On Employment And Wages In The United States
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The Impact Of Trade Prices On Employment And Wages In The United States
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Author : Dalia Hakura
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Impact Of Trade Prices On Employment And Wages In The United States written by Dalia Hakura and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
This paper investigates the sensitivity of sectoral employment and wages in the United States to changes in foreign trade prices for 1980-90. Previous studies have concentrated mainly on the impact of changes in import prices on employment and wage levels. This paper estimates the impact of changes in both import and export prices on employment and wages in each of 12 three-digit standard industrial classification (SIC) manufacturing sectors. The basic conclusion is that, for most sectors, changes in trade prices do not have significant effects on employment and wages, although they generally have a larger impact on employment than on wages.
The Impact Of Trade Priceson Employment And Wages In The United States
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Author : Ms. Dalia Hakura
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1997-09-01
The Impact Of Trade Priceson Employment And Wages In The United States written by Ms. Dalia Hakura and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper investigates the sensitivity of sectoral employment and wages in the United States to changes in foreign trade prices for 1980–90. Previous studies have concentrated mainly on the impact of changes in import prices on employment and wage levels. This paper estimates the impact of changes in both import and export prices on employment and wages in each of 12 three-digit standard industrial classification (SIC) manufacturing sectors. The basic conclusion is that, for most sectors, changes in trade prices do not have significant effects on employment and wages, although they generally have a larger impact on employment than on wages.
The Impacts Of Trade Prices On Employment And Wages In The United States
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Author : Dalia Hakura
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Impacts Of Trade Prices On Employment And Wages In The United States written by Dalia Hakura and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Sticky Feet
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Author : Claire H. Hollweg
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-06-26
Sticky Feet written by Claire H. Hollweg and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-26 with Business & Economics categories.
The analysis in this report confirms the findings of previous studies that trade liberalization improves aggregate welfare and is in the long run associated with higher employment and wages. The analysis addresses a major gap in the literature, which has heretofore provided limited evidence about the trade-related adjustment costs faced by workers in developing countries and how they are affected by mobility costs. Labor market frictions reduce the potential gains from trade reform. For a tariff reduction in a given sector, the resulting change in relative prices raises real wages in some sectors and reduces them in the liberalized sector. The emerging wage gaps lead to labor reallocation. But workers typically incur costs to change jobs; the higher the mobility costs, the slower the transition to the new labor market steady state. Workers’ sticky feet result in foregone welfare gains from trade. This report presents an estimation strategy for capturing mobility costs when only net flows of workers between industries are observed, generating cross-country estimates for 47 developed and developing countries. The basic analytical approach is then refined to take advantage of micro-level data on worker transitions and wages when gross flows can be observed to derive mobility cost estimates that account for sector and formality status. These cost estimates are used to model the dynamic paths of labor reallocation between sectors and in and out of the labor force, the associated wage paths, and the resulting labor adjustment costs. The main findings of the report are that: labor mobility costs in developing countries are high; foregone trade gains due to frictions in labor mobility can also be substantial; workers bear the brunt of adjustment costs; mobility costs and labor market adjustments to trade-related shocks vary by industry, firm type, and worker type; entry costs are significantly higher for formal than for informal employment; trade reforms increase economy-wide wages and employment; and workers displaced by plant closings are likely to face relatively long adjustment periods. The findings provide insights that could be helpful to policymakers hoping to mitigate negative short-term consequences of trade liberalization and facilitate labor adjustment.
The Impact Of International Trade On Wages
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Author : Robert C. Feenstra
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2008-04-15
The Impact Of International Trade On Wages written by Robert C. Feenstra and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Political Science categories.
Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market.
The Employment And Wage Effects Of Import Competition In The United States
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Author : Gene M. Grossman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
The Employment And Wage Effects Of Import Competition In The United States written by Gene M. Grossman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Competition categories.
A new methodology is developed to determine the extent to which import competition has been responsible for labor displacements and wage movements inspecific, allegedly trade-impacted sectors. The procedure involves the estimation of reduced-form wage and employment equations by sector. These equations are first derived from a more complete structural model of general equilibrium resource allocation.The proposed methodology is applied to nine manufacturing sectors in the United States. The sensitivity of employment to the domestic price of imports varies significantly across these nine sectors, whereas industry wages are relatively unaffected by movements in the price of the foreign good.Counterfactual simulations are performed under the hypothetical assumption of no intensification or abatement of import competition from 1967-1979. The differences between the paths of unemployment and wages so generated and the actual, historical paths are attributed to the effects of import competition.Imports have been responsible for the loss of a large number of jobs in only one industry, and for a significant loss in wages in two industries, among the nine studied.
The Impact Of Trade Prices On Employment And Wages In The United States
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Author : Ms.Dalia Hakura
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1997-09-01
The Impact Of Trade Prices On Employment And Wages In The United States written by Ms.Dalia Hakura and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper investigates the sensitivity of sectoral employment and wages in the United States to changes in foreign trade prices for 1980–90. Previous studies have concentrated mainly on the impact of changes in import prices on employment and wage levels. This paper estimates the impact of changes in both import and export prices on employment and wages in each of 12 three-digit standard industrial classification (SIC) manufacturing sectors. The basic conclusion is that, for most sectors, changes in trade prices do not have significant effects on employment and wages, although they generally have a larger impact on employment than on wages.
The Impact Of Trade On United States Employment
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Author : Catherine Sveikauskas
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-12-14
The Impact Of Trade On United States Employment written by Catherine Sveikauskas and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-14 with Business & Economics categories.
First published in 1995. Over the last several decades there has been much concern that international trade has been destroying "good" jobs in the United States. This book provides a thorough empirical examination of this issue, focussing on the years when large, continuous deficits began. The analysis examines occupational employment data for 118 occupations in 156 different industries, and will be of interest to both students of business and economics and policy makers.
Employment Growth And Price Levels The Effect Of Increases In Wages Salaries And The Prices Of Personal Services Together With Union And Professional Practices Upon Prices Profits Production And Employment September 28 29 30 October 1 And 2 1959
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Author : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1959
Employment Growth And Price Levels The Effect Of Increases In Wages Salaries And The Prices Of Personal Services Together With Union And Professional Practices Upon Prices Profits Production And Employment September 28 29 30 October 1 And 2 1959 written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with Debts, Public categories.
Explores the possibility of combining three economically desirable goals: an adequate rate of economic growth, substantially full employment or maximum employment, and substantial price stability. pt. 6c: Contains answers to questions on monetary policy and debt management submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and 17 firms dealing in Government securities. pt. 10: Contains written responses from Treasury Dept and Federal Reserve Board to questions submitted by Joint Economic Committee on the Government's management of its monetary, fiscal, and debt operations.
Employment And Wage Effects Of Trade Liberalization
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Author : Ana Revenga
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Employment And Wage Effects Of Trade Liberalization written by Ana Revenga and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
October 1995 Cuts in Mexico's tariff levels were associated with a slight decline in employment in Mexico and with increases in average wages (perhaps reflecting improved productivity in the reformed industries and a shift toward the use of more skilled workers). The wages and employment of skilled production workers were significantly more responsive to changes in protection levels than those of nonproduction workers. In 1985, after decades of an import-substitution industrial strategy, Mexico initiated a radical liberalization of its external sector. Between 1985 and 1988, import licensing requirements were scaled back to a quarter of earlier levels, reference prices were removed, and tariff rates on most products were substantially reduced. By 1989, Mexico was one of the most open economies in the developing world. Adjusting to trade liberalization required the reallocation of resources between sectors and entailed substantial dislocation of workers. Revenga analyzes how Mexico's trade liberalization (1985 - 87) affected employment and wages in industry, focusing on how it affected average employment and earnings rather than on the link between trade and relative wages. She examines the tradeoff between wage and employment adjustment, identifies which labor groups benefited more from liberalization, and tries to associate changes in employment and wages directly with measures of change in trade protection, rather than link them to changes in imports and exports (which is more common). She finds that reductions in quota coverage and tariff levels are associated with moderate reductions in firm-level employment. A 10-point reduction in tariff levels (between 1985 and 1990) is associated with a 2- to 3-percent decline in employment in Mexico. Changes in quota coverage appear to have no discernible effect on wages, but reductions in tariff levels are associated with increases in average wages. This seems to reflect improved productivity in the reformed industries, which may be related to a shift toward the use of more skilled workers. There seems to have been a slight shift in the skill mix in favor of nonproduction workers. This was paralleled by a sharper increase in the wage differential between skilled and unskilled workers. The wages and employment of skilled production workers were significantly more responsive to changes in protection levels than those of nonproduction workers -- perhaps partly because production workers were more heavily concentrated in the industries in which protection levels were greatly reduced. This paper -- a product of the Country Operations Division 1, Latin America and the Caribbean, Country Department II -- was prepared for the World Bank labor markets workshop held in July 1994.