The List Of State Sponsors Of Terrorism
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The List Of State Sponsors Of Terrorism
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Author : Andrew Selman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The List Of State Sponsors Of Terrorism written by Andrew Selman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Executive power categories.
The Secretary of State has the responsibility to designate countries as state sponsors of terrorism. This document outlines the legal framework, background, and applications of the State sponsor of Terrorism (SPOT) List, addressing the following: How does a state get added to the SPOT List? What are the consequences of being on the SPOT list? When is a state removed from the SPOT list? SPOT list members and examples of their addition or removal from the list. Reference list of current U.S. Government-designated foreign terrorist organizations.
State Sponsorship Of Terrorism
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Author : Crystal M. Schaeffer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
State Sponsorship Of Terrorism written by Crystal M. Schaeffer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with State-sponsored terrorism categories.
Since the Vietnam War, the definition of traditional warfare has changed from the military action that was observed in previous wars such as the Korean War, and both World Wars. Traditional warfare included accepted rules of engagement, drawn battlefield lines, and other elements that were generally expected and anticipated during wartime. Currently, the United States is involved in an 'Overseas Contingency Operation' (OCO) previously known as the 'Global War on Terror' (GWOT), in which soldiers face not a Nation State, but a group of terrorists, who do not claim allegiance to any specific country. In addition to the threat of terrorists acting as individuals, as groups or as organizations, the United States is also dealing with State Sponsors of Terrorism (SST), who utilize terrorist groups to achieve their own political agenda. One method the United States Government uses to confront this challenge by is establishing and maintaining a running list of States that sponsor terrorism. Cuba, Iran, Syria, and Sudan are currently on this list. The list, produced by the U.S. Department of x State, is designed to enable U.S. policy makers to enforce restrictions in the form of embargos and sanctions against State Sponsors of Terrorism as a method to punish States for providing such support. The U.S. Department of State defines SST as those who "repeatedly provide critical support for non-state terrorist groups, who without sponsorship, would have a much more difficult time obtaining the weapons, material, and safe areas to plan, train adherents, and conduct terrorist activities." Various definitions of State Sponsorship exist; however, fulfillment of a political goal remains the underlying constant. The list of State Sponsors highlights the fact that the U.S. views these nations as potential threats. Although knowing who supports terrorism is necessary, this dissertation seeks to provide a method for analyzing the characteristics of SST to provide an opportunity to gain further insight into the justifications why each nation supports terrorist activities. This dissertation will examine the techniques that Cuba and Iran implemented in order to sponsor terrorism for the purpose of globally exporting their own ideological revolution. While analyzing these techniques, the environment that fostered both Cuba and Iran to become leading State Sponsors of Terrorism will become apparent through the examination of the root causes of the Cuban and Iranian revolutions and the conditions that existed that paved the way for Castro and Khomeini to take power. By identifying and examining the phases of State Sponsored Terrorism, an understanding of the similar sponsorship techniques that both Cuba and Iran applied during their tenure as State Sponsors will develop, highlighting the commonalities within each, and the results of each phase. Through the study of these phases of terrorism, a pattern of exploitation emerges that will enable a stronger appreciation for the history of SST and a capability to conduct tread analysis that could better establish the prediction of future actions of similar State Sponsors. Terrorism threatens the lives of numerous innocent people on a daily basis. It is inherently successful because it fosters the fear that safety is never guaranteed; Americans learned that on September 11th as three planes collided into the World Trade Center and Pentagon and a fourth crashed en route to D.C. in Pennsylvania. State Sponsorship of Terrorism has greatly increased the lethality of terrorist acts which is why the United States has focused efforts on putting political and economic pressure on states that choose terrorism as a main component of it's foreign and domestic policy. These two states, Iran and Cuba, represent only two threats facing the United States; they have the strongest history in recent years of SST. The study of these states may shed light on how to develop a better predictive model of SST behavior benefiting the U.S. in developing policy for combating terrorism.
State Sponsored Terrorism
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
State Sponsored Terrorism written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Government liability (International law) categories.
Cuba And The State Sponsors Of Terrorism List
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Author : Mark P. Sullivan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Cuba And The State Sponsors Of Terrorism List written by Mark P. Sullivan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Terrorism
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Author : Kenneth Katzman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Terrorism written by Kenneth Katzman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Current Events categories.
This book is an analysis of Near Eastern terrorist groups and countries on the U.S. 'terrorism list', a list of countries that the Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of State have determined provide repeated support for international terrorism.
Arsenal Of Terror
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Author : Joshua Stanton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015-04-27
Arsenal Of Terror written by Joshua Stanton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-27 with categories.
The Oxford Handbook Of Terrorism
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Author : Erica Chenoweth
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-03-14
The Oxford Handbook Of Terrorism written by Erica Chenoweth and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-14 with Political Science categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Terrorism systematically integrates the substantial body of scholarship on terrorism and counterterrorism before and after 9/11. In doing so, it introduces scholars and practitioners to state of the art approaches, methods, and issues in studying and teaching these vital phenomena. This Handbook goes further than most existing collections by giving structure and direction to the fast-growing but somewhat disjointed field of terrorism studies. The volume locates terrorism within the wider spectrum of political violence instead of engaging in the widespread tendency towards treating terrorism as an exceptional act. Moreover, the volume makes a case for studying terrorism within its socio-historical context. Finally, the volume addresses the critique that the study of terrorism suffers from lack of theory by reviewing and extending the theoretical insights contributed by several fields - including political science, political economy, history, sociology, anthropology, criminology, law, geography, and psychology. In doing so, the volume showcases the analytical advancements and reflects on the challenges that remain since the emergence of the field in the early 1970s.
Deadly Connections
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Author : Daniel Byman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-06-27
Deadly Connections written by Daniel Byman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-27 with Political Science categories.
Thousands of people have died at the hands of terrorist groups who rely on state support for their activities. Iran and Syria are well known as sponsors of terrorism, while other countries, some with strong connections to the West, have enabled terrorist activity by turning a blind eye. Daniel Byman's hard-hitting and articulate book analyzes this phenomenon. Focusing primarily on sponsors from the Middle East and South Asia, it examines the different types of support that states provide, their motivations, and the impact of such sponsorship. The book also considers regimes that allow terrorists to raise money and recruit without providing active support. The experiences of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Libya are detailed here, alongside the histories of radical groups such as al-Qaida and Hizballah. The book concludes by assessing why it is often difficult to force sponsors to cut ties to terrorist groups and suggesting ways in which it could be done better in the future.
Targeting Terror
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Author : Matthew Levitt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Targeting Terror written by Matthew Levitt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business & Economics categories.
This book argues that a successful war on international terrorism must be fought on all fronts and to effectively combat terrorism, neither the United States nor its allies can be satisfied with battling only al-Qaeda, or any other specific terrorist group or collection of groups. The war on terrorism must target terrorism as a means, and all organizations that employ it or facilitate its use.
Cuba And The State Sponsors Of Terrorism List
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Cuba And The State Sponsors Of Terrorism List written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Cuba was first added to the State Department's list of states sponsoring international terrorism in 1982, pursuant to Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (P.L. 96-72). At the time, numerous U.S. government reports and statements under the Reagan Administration alleged Cuba's ties to international terrorism and its support for terrorist groups in Latin America. Cuba had a history of supporting revolutionary movements and governments in Latin America and Africa, but in 1992 Fidel Castro stressed that his country's support for insurgents abroad was a thing of the past. Cuba's policy change was in large part a result of Cuba's diminishing resources following the breakup of the Soviet Union and the loss of billions of dollars in annual subsidies to Cuba. Cuba remains on the State Department's terrorism list with five other countries: Iran, Libya, Syria, Sudan, and North Korea. According to the State Department's Country Reports on Terrorism 2004 (issued in April 2005), Cuba's actions and public statements run contrary to the spirit of the U.N. conventions on terrorism that it has signed. The report asserts that in 2004 "Cuba continued to actively oppose the U.S.-led coalition prosecuting the global war on terrorism." The State Department report asserted that Cuba continued to provide limited support to designated foreign terrorist organizations and to provide safe haven for terrorists and for over 70 U.S. fugitives from justice who continue to live on the island. Cuba's retention on the terrorism list has received more attention in recent years in light of increased support for legislative initiatives to lift some U.S. sanctions under the current economic embargo. Should U.S. restrictions be lifted, a variety of trade and aid restrictions would remain in place because of Cuba's retention on the terrorism list. Supporters of keeping Cuba on the terrorism list argue that there is ample evidence that Cuba supports terrorism. They point to the government's history of supporting terrorist acts and armed insurgencies in Latin America and Africa. They stress the government's continued hosting of members of foreign terrorist organizations and U.S. fugitives from justice. Critics of retaining Cuba on the terrorism list maintain that the policy is a holdover from the Cold War and that Cuba no longer supports terrorism abroad. They argue that domestic political considerations are responsible for keeping Cuba on the terrorism list and question many of the allegations made in the State Department report. For additional information on Cuba, see CRS Report RL32730, Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress, by Mark P. Sullivan. For further information on statesponsored terrorism and U.S. policy, see CRS Issue Brief IB10119, Terrorism and National Security: Issues and Trends, by Raphael Perl; and CRS Report RL32417, The Department of State's Patterns of Global Terrorism Report: Trends, State Sponsors, and Related Issues, by Raphael Perl.