The Merchants Of Zigong
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The Merchants Of Zigong
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Author : Madeleine Zelin
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2005
The Merchants Of Zigong written by Madeleine Zelin and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
From its dramatic expansion in the early nineteenth century to its decline in the late 1930s, salt production in Zigong was one of the largest and only indigenous large-scale industries in China. Madeleine Zelin's history details the novel ways in which Zigong merchants mobilized capital through financial-industrial networks and spurred growth by developing new technologies, capturing markets, and building integrated business organizations. She provides new insight into the forces and institutions that shaped Chinese economic and social development (independent of Western or Japanese influence) and challenges long-held beliefs that social structure, state extraction, the absence of modern banking, and cultural bias against business precluded industrial development in China.
Pingthe Merchant Of Zigong Industrial Entrepreneurship In Early Modern China
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Author :
language : zh-CN
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Pingthe Merchant Of Zigong Industrial Entrepreneurship In Early Modern China written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Renaissance Literature And Culture
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Author : Lisa Hopkins
language : en
Publisher: A&C Black
Release Date : 2006-11-16
Renaissance Literature And Culture written by Lisa Hopkins and has been published by A&C Black this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-16 with Literary Criticism categories.
The guide to Renaissance Literature and Culture provides students with the ideal introduction to literature and its context from 1533-1642, including: - the historical, cultural and intellectual background including religion, politics, exploration and visual culture - major writers and genres including Spenser, Sidney, Marlowe, Shakespeare and Jonson - concise explanations of key terms needed to understand the literature and criticism - key critical approaches to modernism from contemporary critics to the present - a chronology mapping historical events and literary works and further reading including websites and electronic resources.
Contract And Property In Early Modern China
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Author : Madeleine Zelin
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2004-02-18
Contract And Property In Early Modern China written by Madeleine Zelin and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-18 with Law categories.
Providing a new perspective on economic and legal institutions, particularly on contract and property, in Qing and Republican history, this volume provides case studies to explicate how these institutions worked, while situating them firmly in their broader social context.
Commerce In Culture
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Author : Cynthia J. Brokaw
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2020-03-23
Commerce In Culture written by Cynthia J. Brokaw and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-23 with History categories.
"Sibao today is a cluster of impoverished villages in the mountains of western Fujian. Yet from the late seventeenth through the early twentieth century, it was home to a flourishing publishing industry. Through itinerant booksellers and branch bookshops managed by Sibao natives, this industry supplied much of south China with cheap educational texts, household guides, medical handbooks, and fortune-telling manuals.It is precisely the ordinariness of Sibao imprints that make them valuable for the study of commercial publishing, the text-production process, and the geographical and social expansion of book culture in Chinese society. In a study with important implications for cultural and economic history, Cynthia Brokaw describes rural, lower-level publishing and bookselling operations at the end of the imperial period. Commerce in Culture traces how the poverty and isolation of Sibao necessitated a bare-bones approach to publishing and bookselling and how the Hakka identity of the Sibao publishers shaped the configuration of their distribution networks and even the nature of their publications.Sibao’s industry reveals two major trends in print culture: the geographical extension of commercial woodblock publishing to hinterlands previously untouched by commercial book culture and the related social penetration of texts to lower-status levels of the population."
China S Last Imperial Frontier
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Author : Xiuyu Wang
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2011
China S Last Imperial Frontier written by Xiuyu Wang and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with History categories.
China's Last Imperial Frontier explores imperial China's frontier expansion in the Tibetan borderlands during the last decades of the Qing. The empire mounted a series of military attacks against indigenous chieftaincies and Buddhist monasteries in the east Tibetan region seeking to replace native authorities with state bureaucrats by redrawing the politically diverse frontier into a system of Chinese-style counties. Historically, at all the strategic frontier locations, the state had been for the most part outstripped by local institutions in political, military, and ideological strengths. With perceived threats from the Anglo-Russian "Great Game" accentuating Qing vulnerability in Tibet, the Sichuan government took advantage of the frontier crisis by encroaching upon local and Lhasa domains in Kham. Even though the Kham campaign was portrayed in Qing official discourse as a part of the nationwide reforms of "New Policies" (xinzheng) and administrative regularization (gaitu guiliu), its progress on the ground was influenced by the dynamics of interregional relations, including Sichuan's competition with central Tibet, power struggles among Qing frontier officials, and varied Khampa responses to the new regime. The growing regionalism intensified the resistance of local forces to imperial authority. Despite the uneven results of the late Qing campaign, it had come to serve as an important source of sovereignty claims and policy inspirations for the subsequent governments.
Social Order Through Contracts
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Author : Jian Qu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-02-04
Social Order Through Contracts written by Jian Qu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-04 with Law categories.
This book is the first Western-language monograph on the study of the Qingshui River manuscripts. By examining over 3,000 contracts and other manuscripts, this book offers constructive insights into the long-standing question of how and why a society in late imperial China could maintain a well-functioning social system with few laws but many contracts, i.e., Hobbesian “words without sword.” Three interrelated questions, what contracts were, how and why they worked, are explained successively. Thus, this book presents a non-stereotypical “contract society” in southwest China, arguing that the social order which provides predictability and regularity for economic prosperity could be formed and maintained through contracts even under the condition of relatively weak influence of governmental and legal authorities. This book benefits readers who are interested in law, society, and history. While presenting the socio-legal landscape of a frontier area in late imperial China for historians, this book provides a novel and empirical interpretation of the supposedly well-known contract device for legal researchers, thereby proposing materials for an integrated theoretical explanatory framework of contracts in general. By employing the innovative theory of blockchain in its key argumentation, the book offers a creative interpretation of historical and social phenomena.
Going The Distance
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Author : Ron Harris
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-02-11
Going The Distance written by Ron Harris and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-11 with Business & Economics categories.
"Long-distance oceanic and overland trade along the Eurasian landmass in the 1400s was largely dominated by Chinese, Indian, and Arabic traders and predominantly conducted over short trajectories by sole traders or organized around small-scale enterprises. Yet, within two centuries of Europeans' arrival in the Indian Ocean in 1498, long-distance trade throughout Eurasia was mainly taken over by them. By 1700, they had formed new, large-scale, and impersonal organizations, primarily a joint-stock business corporation between English East India Company (EIC) and Dutch East India Company (VOC). This allowed them to transform trade from an enterprise dominated by many small traders moving goods over short segments to a vertically integrated firm that was able to control goods from their origin to the end consumers. This rise of the business corporation proved essential for the economic rise of Europe. Why did the corporation arise indigenously only in Europe, and given its effective organization of long-distance trade, why wasn't it mimicked by other Eurasian civilizations for 300 years? Harris closely examines the role played by forms of organization in the transformation of Eurasian trade between 1400 and 1700, comparing the organizational forms that were used in four major civilizations: Chinese, Indian, Middle Eastern, and Western European. Through this comparative perspective, he argues that the organizational design of the EIC and VOC, the first long-lasting joint-stock corporations, enabled large-scale multilateral impersonal cooperation for the first time in human history. He also argues that this new organizational form enabled the English and Dutch to deploy more capital, more ships, more voyages, and more agents than other organizational forms"--
Chinese Hinterland Capitalism And Shanxi Piaohao
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Author : Luman Wang
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-09-21
Chinese Hinterland Capitalism And Shanxi Piaohao written by Luman Wang and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-21 with History categories.
This book examines Shanxi piaohao—private financiers from the Chinese hinterland—in the economic and business history of late imperial China, forming the original theory of Chinese hinterland capitalism. Deepening the existing understanding of capitalist dynamics at work in the families and financial institutions of late imperial China, the book foregrounds the expansionist role played by Shanxi piaohao in transforming China’s market and trade from an agrarian empire to a modern nation state. In a departure for economic history, it also focuses on the histories of the people and their lifeworlds behind financial institutions, which have previously been erased by universal capitalist narratives. Persistent binary oppositions between coastal areas and hinterland; state and market; and institutions and families are each transcended in recounting the local histories of global capital in the marginalized countryside and borderlands of China. Based on a wealth of archival material and correspondence with Shanxi piaohao offices and branches, Chinese Hinterland Capitalism and Shanxi Piaohao will appeal to students and scholars of Chinese and economic history, anthropology, and postcolonial studies more generally.
Civil Law In Qing And Republican China
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1994-08
Civil Law In Qing And Republican China written by and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-08 with Law categories.
The opening of local archives to Western scholars in the 1980's has provided the basis for this reexamination of civil law in Qing and Republican China. This pathbreaking volume demonstrates that, contrary to previous scholarly understanding, Qing and Republican courts dealt extensively with such civil matters as land rights, debt, marriage, and inheritance, and did so with striking consistency and in conformity with the written code.