The Metals From The Cenote Sagrado Chich N Itz As Windows On Technological And Depositional Communities
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The Metals From The Cenote Sagrado Chich N Itz As Windows On Technological And Depositional Communities
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Author : Bryan Cockrell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Metals From The Cenote Sagrado Chich N Itz As Windows On Technological And Depositional Communities written by Bryan Cockrell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This project is the first to reconcile metals recovered from the Cenote Sagrado at Chichén Itzá, Mexico from three museums in the US and Mexico in which Cenote objects are held. 148 of these metals were characterized through archaeometric studies. Through non-invasive and nondestructive analyses, this project involved the documentation of individual metals, including bells, sandals, and figurines, searched for patterning across the assemblage to identify distinct technological styles, and then compared data to published literature to determine the metallurgical communities in Mesoamerica and Lower Central America indexed by these styles. After performing a visual inspection of each object with a magnifying glass and recording measurements with calipers, optical microscopy with visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light was then employed to comprehensively document object surfaces. Bulk compositions were evaluated with portable-Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry. After carrying out these analyses in museum storerooms, with the permission of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 15 objects were brought to laboratories in New York for finer-resolution studies, including synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, which permitted the evaluation of artificial enrichments on the metals. The assemblage consists of copper-based objects, including bronzes of arsenic and/or tin as well as brass, and tumbaga, a metal containing gold, silver, and copper. Many show post-fabrication alteration, including indentation, tearing, and wrinkling, practices that may have taken place in ritualized deposition. Two zoomorphic bells were hammered to shape after their lost-wax casting. Two sandals were artificially enriched in silver and gold through electrochemical replacement gilding. Reconciliation of the data with pre-existing literature reveals the contributions of metallurgists in Guerrero and Michoacán (axe-monies), the Tarascan state (tweezers), Veraguas/Chiriquí (anthropomorphic figurines), and Gran Coclé (rolled tubes) to the Cenote deposit. The documentation of sandals in 16th-century literature and the presence of brass suggest that the deposition was developed through connections to the Mexica tributary system and through the working of metal imported from Europe, thus, centuries after the main occupation of Chichén (8th-11th century AD). Experimental lost-wax casting and hammering has allowed for exploration of metallurgy as a performative and fully embodied practice and to recognize that the individuals who altered the objects after their fabrication were themselves metallurgists, enacting technical knowledge.
Ancient Southeast Asia
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Author : John Norman Miksic
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2016-10-14
Ancient Southeast Asia written by John Norman Miksic and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-14 with Social Science categories.
Ancient Southeast Asia provides readers with a much needed synthesis of the latest discoveries and research in the archaeology of the region, presenting the evolution of complex societies in Southeast Asia from the protohistoric period, beginning around 500BC, to the arrival of British and Dutch colonists in 1600. Well-illustrated throughout, this comprehensive account explores the factors which established Southeast Asia as an area of unique cultural fusion. Miksic and Goh explore how the local population exploited the abundant resources available, developing maritime transport routes which resulted in economic and cultural wealth, including some of the most elaborate art styles and monumental complexes ever constructed. The book’s broad geographical and temporal coverage, including a chapter on the natural environment, provides readers with the context needed to understand this staggeringly diverse region. It utilizes French, Dutch, Chinese, Malay-Indonesian and Burmese sources and synthesizes interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives and data from archaeology, history and art history. Offering key opportunities for comparative research with other centres of early socio-economic complexity, Ancient Southeast Asia establishes the area’s importance in world history.
An Archaeologist S Guide To Chert And Flint
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Author : Barbara E. Luedtke
language : en
Publisher: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press
Release Date : 1994-12-31
An Archaeologist S Guide To Chert And Flint written by Barbara E. Luedtke and has been published by Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-12-31 with Social Science categories.
Marine Archaeology Of Indian Ocean Countries
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Author : Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Marine Archaeology Of Indian Ocean Countries written by Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Indian Ocean Region categories.
X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Xrf In Geoarchaeology
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Author : M. Steven Shackley
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-10-17
X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Xrf In Geoarchaeology written by M. Steven Shackley and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-17 with Social Science categories.
Since the 1960s, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), both wavelength and energy-dispersive have served as the workhorse for non-destructive and destructive analyses of archaeological materials. Recently eclipsed by other instrumentation such as LA-ICP-MS, XRF remains the mainstay of non-destructive chemical analyses in archaeology, particularly for volcanic rocks, and most particularly for obsidian. In a world where heritage and repatriation issues drive archaeological method and theory, XRF remains an important tool for understanding the human past, and will remain so for decades to come. Currently, there is no comprehensive book in XRF applications in archaeology at a time when the applications of portable XRF and desktop XRF instrumentation are exploding particularly in anthropology and archaeology departments worldwide. The contributors to this volume are the experts in the field, and most are at the forefront of the newest applications of XRF to archaeological problems. It covers all relevant aspects of the field for those using the newest XRF technologies to deal with very current issues in archaeology.
Early Formative Adaptations In The Southern Southwest
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Author : Barbara J. Roth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Early Formative Adaptations In The Southern Southwest written by Barbara J. Roth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with History categories.
Perspectives On Southwestern Prehistory
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Author : Paul Minnis
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-05-28
Perspectives On Southwestern Prehistory written by Paul Minnis and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-28 with Social Science categories.
Recent archaeoglogical work in the American Southwest and Northern Mexico has fueled a great deal of regionally specific research: archaeologists, faced with an avalanche of new and unassimilated data, tend to foucs on their own areas to the exclusion of the broader, panregional view. "Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory" advocates the larger f
Archaeological Obsidian Studies
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Author : M. Steven Shackley
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Archaeological Obsidian Studies written by M. Steven Shackley and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Social Science categories.
This volume is the third in the Advances in Archaeological and Museum Science series sponsored by the Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS). The purpose of this series is to provide summaries of advances in various topics in ar chaeometry, archaeological science, environmental archaeology, preservation technology, and museum conservation. The SAS exists to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeologists and colleagues in the natural and physical sciences. SAS mem bers are drawn from many disciplinary fields. However, they all share a common belief that physical science techniques and methods constitute an essential component of contemporary archaeological field and laboratory studies. The series editors wish to thank the reviewers of each of the chapters in this volume for their excellent comments and suggestions. We also wish to thank Chriss jones for her invaluable assistance in the preparation of the texts for submission to the publisher. xi Preface As noted in the introductory chapter, this volume is the second major review of research progress in the study of archaeological obsidian. An earlier book, Advances in Obsidian Glass Studies: Archaeological and Geochemical Perspectives, appeared in 1976. A comparison of the treatment of topics reflected in this earlier work and that contained in this volume not only highlights important advances in the quality and depth of research on archaeological obsidian over more than a quarter of a century but also illustrates more generally some characteristics of developments in the archaeological science field in general.
The Early Ethnography Of The Kumeyaay
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Author : M. Steven Shackley
language : en
Publisher: Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology
Release Date : 2004
The Early Ethnography Of The Kumeyaay written by M. Steven Shackley and has been published by Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Kamia Indians categories.
The Kumeyaay occupied the largest and most diverse territory of any Native Californian group--from arid deserts to alpine mountains, foothills, and a large expanse of coast, from what is now San Diego County to northern Baja California. Living as complex hunter-gatherers, the Kumeyaay combined elements of both Californian and Southwestern cultures, including an acorn economy, floodwater agriculture, and the production of paddle and anvil pottery. The Early Ethnography of the Kumeyaay includes the pioneering research of three anthropologists of the early part of the twentieth century--Thomas T. Waterman, Leslie Spier, and Edward W. Gifford. An introduction by M. Steven Shackley and Steven Lucas-Pfingst explores the particular perspective brought to the research by these early scholars, contrasted with recent anthropological research in the region.
Small Sites On The Santa Cruz Flats
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Author : William S. Marmaduke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Small Sites On The Santa Cruz Flats written by William S. Marmaduke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Archaeology categories.