The Microbiome In Respiratory Disease

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The Microbiome In Respiratory Disease

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Author : Yvonne J. Huang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01

The Microbiome In Respiratory Disease written by Yvonne J. Huang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Medical categories.

This book comprehensively covers the microbiome in respiratory disease, from the initial research study to the disease-specific implications and related applications. Research on the respiratory microbiome is increasing in volume and scope. This reflects rapidly growing interest in the study of respiratory disease to understand how microbiota shape mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. The respiratory tract spans the nasal passages, sinus cavities, oropharynx, and the tracheobronchial tree of the lungs. In these compartments of the upper and lower respiratory tract, the microbiota have now been studied in the context of several chronic respiratory conditions. These include chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis, to name a few. The potential impact of ecological interactions (i.e., between microbes and between microbiota and host) within and across respiratory compartments is increasingly recognized. The book is organized into two main sections. Part I, Principles and Tools, covers conceptual modeling of the respiratory microbiome, experimental methodology with a focus on a priori considerations in study design and sampling, laboratory and computational methods for analysis of respiratory microbiome data, and minimizing interpretive pitfalls. Part II, Applications, discusses the evidence from specific studies that have shed novel insights into the influence of respiratory microbiota on mechanisms or outcomes in specific diseases. Based on current best evidence, disease-specific chapters include chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma (pediatric and adult studies), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis not due to CF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung transplant. This is an ideal reference for forward-thinking practitioners with interest in novel developments in precision medicine applications in lung disease, as well as translational scientists in the field of microbiology, immunology and lung biology.

The Lung Microbiome

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Author : Michael J. Cox
language : en
Publisher: European Respiratory Society
Release Date : 2019-03-01

The Lung Microbiome written by Michael J. Cox and has been published by European Respiratory Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-01 with Medical categories.

Studying the lung microbiome requires a specialist approach to sampling, laboratory techniques and statistical analysis. This Monograph introduces the techniques used and discusses how respiratory sampling, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics and the application of ecological theory can be used to examine the respiratory microbiome. It examines the different components of the respiratory microbiome: viruses and fungi in addition to the more frequently studied bacteria. It also considers a range of contexts from the paediatric microbiome and how this develops to disease of all ages including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic suppurative lung diseases, interstitial lung diseases, acquired pneumonias, transplantation, cancer and HIV, and the interaction of the respiratory microbiome and the environment.

Microbiome In Inflammatory Lung Diseases

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Author : Gaurav Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-25

Microbiome In Inflammatory Lung Diseases written by Gaurav Gupta and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-25 with Science categories.

This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.

The Respiratory Microbiome In Copd

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Author : Orla O'Carroll
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

The Respiratory Microbiome In Copd written by Orla O'Carroll and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Medicine categories.

In classical teaching, the lungs were thought of as a sterile environment with the isolation of bacteria on sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage sampling felt to represent pathogenic colonisation in disease states. This teaching has been over-turned with the discovery of a rich microbiome in the respiratory tract. The respiratory microbiome is a huge target for novel research in many fields, most notable in that of airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Next-generation sequencing is a culture-independent method for microbial sampling which has transformed the accuracy and speed at which whole microbial communities can be described in studies. This has led to an explosion of knowledge regarding the human respiratory microbiome. COPD is a common, chronic disease of the respiratory system involving an irreversible airway obstruction which places huge burden on patients and healthcare systems alike. The respiratory microbiome is different in those who suffer from COPD than in those without the disease, but little is known as to the role of the microbiome in disease pathogenesis or manifestation. This chapter aims to outline the advances in sequencing methods in relation to the microbiome and establish a description of the respiratory microbiome in health and in COPD. We will describe the existing literature on the topic and discuss potential key areas for future research.

Respiratory Microbiome In Health And Disease

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Author : Jianmin Chai
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-12-19

Respiratory Microbiome In Health And Disease written by Jianmin Chai and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-19 with Science categories.

The Human Respiratory Tract Microbiome In Health And Disease

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Author : Emily Sarah Charlson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

The Human Respiratory Tract Microbiome In Health And Disease written by Emily Sarah Charlson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Biogeography Of The Bovine Respiratory Microbiome And Its Relationship With Bovine Respiratory Disease

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Author : Jianmin Chai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Biogeography Of The Bovine Respiratory Microbiome And Its Relationship With Bovine Respiratory Disease written by Jianmin Chai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and costly disease in the beef cattle industry, leading to high morbidity, mortality and huge economic loss. Despite the recent advances in vaccination and antimicrobial techniques, no significant health-improved outcomes have developed. Due to a deep investigation of the microbiome, respiratory microbiotas are known to have important roles for host health and disease. However, BRD specific pathogens have not yet been identified since they are found in both healthy and diseased animals. A systemic and comprehensive study of the biogeography of the bovine respiratory microbiome and its relationship with BRD is lacking and urgently needed. In this dissertation, we characterized the biogeography of the bovine respiratory microbiome from a total of 222 samples and identified the microbial composition of the nostrils, nasopharynx and lungs. Signature microbiota for each niche were identified (Chapter III). Shared bacteria among the three niches were observed, and a strong correlation between adjacent sampling niches was found. Next, using a random forest model (Chapter IV), high accuracies of the nasal, nasopharyngeal and lung microbiomes to predict and diagnose BRD were found. A set of bacterial features were identified. A significantly temporal dynamic of the respiratory microbiome was found from feedlot arrival to the onset of BRD, with consistent increases in the abundance of BRD pathogens and consistent decreases of the commensal microbiota. Finally, the spatial microbial movement within the bovine respiratory tract associated with BRD status was clarified (Chapter V). A larger proportion of the lung microbiota was found to be derived from the upper airway community in BRD calves compared to healthy calves, and pathogens in BRD lungs could be predicted by using their abundances in the BRD upper airway. Complex interactions among commensal microbiota were found in healthy calves, while dysbiosis of the microbial community as well as increased pathogen interactions in the airway were found in BRD calves. All our discoveries from the first (test) trial were validated in the second (validation) animal trial. In conclusion, this comprehensive study further advanced our understanding of the relationship between the respiratory microbiome and BRD. Additionally, nasal swabbing was found as an innovative approach to be used for BRD research. It provides a new research direction into airway disease research and is capable of providing more advanced microbial therapies for bovine respiratory disease.

Copd

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Author : Cormac McCarthy
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-02-21

Copd written by Cormac McCarthy and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-21 with Medical categories.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is estimated to become the third most common cause of death over the next decade. The knowledge of COPD pathogenesis and the disease course has greatly improved this progression in understanding and continues to have significant implications in the management of this condition. Novel areas of interest in COPD pathogenesis include further development of animal models, a better understanding of the genetics and epigenetics, the role of the microbiome, and an increasing appreciation of the associated comorbidities. This book intends to provide the reader with a brief overview of these topics and also provide an in-depth review of the current nonpharmacological clinical approaches to managing patients with COPD.

Microbiota In Airway Diseases

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Author : Emily K. Cope
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-11-23

Microbiota In Airway Diseases written by Emily K. Cope and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-23 with Science categories.

The Lung Microbiome In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Author : Marc Alexander Sze
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

The Lung Microbiome In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease written by Marc Alexander Sze and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.