The Moon Missions Before Apollo
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The Moon Missions Before Apollo
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Author : Charles River
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-24
The Moon Missions Before Apollo written by Charles River and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-24 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading Today the Space Race is widely viewed poignantly and fondly as a race to the Moon that culminated with Apollo 11 "winning" the Race for the United States. In fact, it encompassed a much broader range of competition between the Soviet Union and the United States that affected everything from military technology to successfully launching satellites that could land on Mars or orbit other planets in the Solar System. Moreover, the notion that America "won" the Space Race at the end of the 1960s overlooks just how competitive the Space Race actually was in launching people into orbit, as well as the major contributions the Space Race influenced in leading to today's International Space Station and continued space exploration. The Apollo space program is the most famous and celebrated in American history, but the first successful landing of men on the Moon during Apollo 11 had complicated roots dating back over a decade, and it also involved one of NASA's most infamous tragedies. Landing on the Moon presented an ideal goal all on its own, but the government's urgency in designing the Apollo program was actually brought about by the Soviet Union, which spent much of the 1950s leaving the United States in its dust (and rocket fuel). In 1957, at a time when people were concerned about communism and nuclear war, many Americans were dismayed by news that the Soviet Union was successfully launching satellites into orbit. At the same time, America would begin missions to the Moon as early as 1958. On March 27, 1958, Secretary of Defense Neil McElroy announced a lunar project for the International Geophysical Year, consisting of three Air Force launches followed by two Army launches of a JPL-designed lunar probe. ARPA directed the Air Force to launch its probes "as soon as possible consistent with the requirement that a minimal amount of useful data concerning the Moon be obtained." Throughout the 1960s, NASA would spend tens of billions on missions to the Moon, the most expensive peacetime program in American history to that point, and Apollo was only made possible by the tests conducted through earlier missions, including the historic Ranger Program. Conceived as an early part of the attempt to land a man on the Moon, Ranger was designed to photograph the lunar surface in preparation for future landings. Until Ranger, images of the Moon were only available through Earth-based telescopes, which lacked the detail necessary to determine safe sites for landing a spacecraft. Ranger aimed to fill in that gap of knowledge, and like many of NASA's missions during the 1960s, the program exemplified both the successes and the failures of the agency's early years. Nonetheless, the Ranger Program would set important precedents by taking the first close-up photos of the Moon and landing the first American spacecraft on the lunar surface.Subsequently, between May 1966 and January 1968, the Surveyor Program launched seven unmanned spacecraft to the lunar surface to gather data and test the feasibility of landing a manned vehicle on the Moon. Although largely forgotten now, without these missions the later series of manned Moon landings would not have been possible. The Moon Missions Before Apollo: The History of NASA's Pioneer, Ranger, and Surveyor Programs examines the origins behind the missions, the space probes involved, and the historic results. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the programs like never before.
Where No Man Has Gone Before
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Author : William David Compton
language : en
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
Release Date : 1989
Where No Man Has Gone Before written by William David Compton and has been published by U.S. Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Science categories.
When the crew of Apollo 11 splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969, Americans hailed the successful completion of the most complex technological undertaking of the 20th century: landing humans on the moon and returning them safely to earth. This document records the engineering and scientific accomplishments of the people who made lunar exploration possible. It shows how scientists and engineers worked out their differences and conducted a program that was a major contribution to science as well as a stunning engineering accomplishment.
Where No Man Has Gone Before
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Author : William David Compton
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-08-03
Where No Man Has Gone Before written by William David Compton and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-03 with Science categories.
This official NASA history chronicles the behind-the-scenes conflicts and cooperation during the Apollo expeditions. It shows how the space agency's scientists, who were primarily interested in the moon itself, worked out their differences with the engineers, who were charged with the astronauts' safe landing and return. The close collaboration between the scientists and engineers ensured the success of a program that remains a major achievement for both fields. The first half of the book concerns the preparations for the Moon landings, tracing the development of the Apollo science program from the earliest days. The second half documents the flights that followed Apollo 11, during which twelve astronauts explored the lunar surface and returned with samples for investigation. The author drew upon the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center's collection of more than 31,000 Apollo-related documents and conducted more than 300 interviews with program participants to assemble this definitive survey.
Apollo Moon Missions
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Author : Billy Watkins
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2007-12-01
Apollo Moon Missions written by Billy Watkins and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-01 with History categories.
In 1961 President John F. Kennedy challenged the United States to land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth before the end of the decade. It seemed like an impossible mission and one that the Russians?who had launched the first satellite and put the first man into Earth orbit?would surely achieve before the Americans. However, the ingenuity, passion, and sacrifice of thousands of ordinary people from all walks of life enabled the space program to meet this extraordinary goal. This is the story of fourteen of those men and women who worked behind the scenes, without fanfare or recognition, to make the Apollo missions successful.
Apollo 11 The History And Legacy Of The First Moon Landing
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-08-26
Apollo 11 The History And Legacy Of The First Moon Landing written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-26 with categories.
*Includes pictures of important people, places, and events. *Comprehensively describes the history of the Apollo program, including explaining the design and planning that went into it. *Includes quotes from the astronauts about the mission.*Includes footnotes. "10, 9, ignition sequence start, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, zero. All engines running. Liftoff! We have a liftoff! Thirty-two minutes past the hour. Liftoff on Apollo 11!" Jack King, NASA Chief of Public Information At 9:32 a.m. on July 16, 1969, time stood still throughout the world as thousands converged on the Kennedy Space Center and millions tuned in on live television. At that instant, the first rumbles began to shake the ground, as a small spacecraft attached to the giant Saturn V rocket several hundred feet tall started lifting off. Quickly being propelled several thousand miles per hour, it takes just a few minutes to reach a speed of 15,000 miles per hour, and just a few more minutes to enter orbit at 18,000 miles per hour. Apollo 11 was on its way to a historic first landing on the Moon. Apollo 11's trip to the Moon may have started on that day in 1969, but the journey had begun over a decade earlier as part of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. While landing on the Moon was a noble goal proposed as early as 1961 by President Kennedy, NASA and the nation as a whole moved with urgency simply to best the Soviet Union, which had spent the 1950s beating America to important space-related firsts, including launching the first satellite and cosmonaut in orbit. In fact, President Eisenhower's administration began the design for the Apollo program in 1960 in hopes of getting a head start to the Moon, despite the fact the plans originated a year before the first Russian cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, orbited the Earth and two years before John Glenn did. Over the decade, NASA would spend tens of billions on the Apollo missions, the most expensive peacetime program in American history to that point, and even though Apollo 11 was only one of almost 20 Apollo missions, it was certainly the crown jewel. only one of nearly 20 Apollo missions conducted by NASA. And to make Apollo 11 a success, it would take nearly a decade of planning by government officials, hard work by NASA scientists, intense training by the astronauts, and several missions preceding Apollo 11. It also cost over $20 billion, making the Apollo program the most expensive peacetime program in American history at the time. Americans sure felt the cost was worth it as they watched the first live shots of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walking on the Moon. As he left his first footprint on the Moon, Armstrong transmitted one of the 20th century's most famous phrases: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Apollo 11: The History and Legacy of the First Moon Landing comprehensively chronicles the history of the famous mission, from the initial designs to the dramatic days of July 1969 and the aftermath. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the first moon landing like you never have before, in no time at all.
The Apollo Program
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Author : Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-02-23
The Apollo Program written by Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-23 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Chronicles the Apollo program from beginning to end, profiling Apollo 1, Apollo 11, and Apollo 13 *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents The Apollo space program is the most famous and celebrated in American history, but the first successful landing of men on the Moon during Apollo 11 had complicated roots dating back over a decade, and it also involved one of NASA's most infamous tragedies. Landing on the Moon presented an ideal goal all on its own, but the government's urgency in designing the Apollo program was actually brought about by the Soviet Union, which spent much of the 1950s leaving the United States in its dust (and rocket fuel). In 1957, at a time when people were concerned about communism and nuclear war, many Americans were dismayed by news that the Soviet Union was successfully launching satellites into orbit. Among those concerned was President Dwight D. Eisenhower, whose space program was clearly lagging a few years behind the Soviets' space program. From 1959-1963, the United States worked toward putting satellites and humans into orbit via the Mercury program, but Eisenhower's administration was already designing plans for the Apollo program by 1960, a year before the first Russian orbited the Earth and two years before John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy addressed Congress and asked the nation to -commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth.- Given America's inability to even put a man in orbit yet, this seemed like an overly ambitious goal, and it isn't even clear that Kennedy himself believed it possible; after all, he was reluctant to meet NASA Administrator James E. Webb's initial funding requests. As Apollo 11's name suggests, there were actually a number of Apollo missions that came before, many of which included testing the rockets and different orbital and lunar modules in orbit. In fact, it wasn't until Apollo 8 that a manned vehicle was sent towards the Moon and back, and before that mission, the most famous Apollo mission was Apollo 1, albeit for all the wrong reasons. Over the decade, NASA would spend tens of billions on the Apollo missions, the most expensive peacetime program in American history to that point, and even though Apollo 11 was only one of almost 20 Apollo missions, it was certainly the crown jewel. only one of nearly 20 Apollo missions conducted by NASA. And to make Apollo 11 a success, it would take nearly a decade of planning by government officials, hard work by NASA scientists, intense training by the astronauts, and several missions preceding Apollo 11. It also cost over $20 billion, making the Apollo program the most expensive peacetime program in American history at the time. Apollo 12 successfully landed astronauts on the Moon just a few months after Apollo 11's successful mission. Apollo 12 was actually more successful than Apollo 11 from the standpoint of fulfilling the mission objectives, but it was naturally overshadowed since it did not come first. Another reason Apollo 12 is mostly forgotten today can be credited to the dramatic and fateful Apollo 13 mission, which took twists and turns nobody could have predicted when it launched on April 11, 1970. Apollo 13's mission was to land on the Moon near the Fra Mauro highlands, which were hills that had somehow formed in the middle of a huge crater tens of miles wide. The mission was supposed to test for seismic activity and take samples to analyze the crater and try to find an explanation for the formation of the hills. Of course, as is widely known today, Apollo 13 never made the landing. By the end of the Apollo program, NASA had already begun designing and developing the Space Shuttle Program, which would provide reusable vehicles for manned space travel.
Moon Landings
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Author : Shoshana Weider
language : en
Publisher: Dorling Kindersley Ltd
Release Date : 2019-02-07
Moon Landings written by Shoshana Weider and has been published by Dorling Kindersley Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-07 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Follow astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins as they set off for the moon on one of history's most important missions. Learn about the people and spacecraft that came before Apollo 11 and have followed since, and discover what it takes to become an astronaut. Boost reading ability while learning about moon landings in this factual space book for children. Moon Landings is a new title in the exciting and engaging four-level DK Readers series. Developing a lifelong love of reading, DK Readers cover a vast range of fascinating subjects featuring DK's stunning photography, to support children as they learn to read. The series has been developed with the help of literacy experts. Includes fun facts for kids, this innovative series of levelled guided reading books combines a highly visual approach with engaging nonfiction narratives. Reading levels progress from brief, simple text in the early readers, to slightly longer, more detailed nonfiction chapter books, to challenging nonfiction containing rich vocabulary and more complex sentence structures.
The Apollo Moon Missions
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Author : Randy Walsh
language : en
Publisher: Writers Republic LLC
Release Date : 2019-09-18
The Apollo Moon Missions written by Randy Walsh and has been published by Writers Republic LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-18 with History categories.
As a child I was fascinated by the Apollo Moon missions. As I got older the fascination never waned, until, approximately 15 years ago, I happened to watch a documentary on one of the Apollo missions. In that they discussed the method used for circumnavigating the Moon during the missions. As a trained pilot I remember questioning that method of navigation and from there I started to doubt the validity of the Apollo Moon missions itself, which led to subsequent years of research. This book is culmination of that research and the reasons why I believe that the Apollo Moon missions were faked. Included in Part 1 of this series I discuss the following key factors: The Saturn V rocket and the fraudulent claims on the powerful F-1 engines, without which the Apollo landings could not have taken place. The non-existent capabilities of the Apollo guidance computer and the fact that this computer was a fake. The conflicting and contradictory information regarding the radiation intensity between the Earth and Moon which would have prevented any manned lunar landing. The inadequate shielding for both the Command Module and Lunar Module which would have ended any manned mission outside of Low Earth Orbit in a matter of minutes if not seconds. And the incomplete, missing and/or destroyed documents along with the thousands of missing reels of telemetry tapes containing data that has been 'lost' forever
Apollo
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Author : Shayler David
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2002
Apollo written by Shayler David and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Education categories.
The structure of Apollo - The Lost and Forgotten Missions follows the development and in flight testing of the Apollo lunar spacecraft prior to Apollo 11 as well as missions planned following that first landing. Drawing upon combinations of archival documentation from the first four manned Apollo missions and future mission plans evolved in the summer of 1969 Apollo - The Lost and Forgotten Missions will fill this void. The text explains how the machines and the men were prepared for the landing on the moon and what would have followed the initial landings.
Apollo Expeditions To The Moon
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Author : Edgar M. Cortright
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Apollo Expeditions To The Moon written by Edgar M. Cortright and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Science categories.
Here men from the planet earth. First set foot upon the moon - July 1969 A.D. We Came in peace for all mankind. From the plaque on the Eagle, Apollo 11, which landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.