The New Political Economy Of Pharmaceuticals
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The New Political Economy Of Pharmaceuticals
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Author : Hans Löfgren
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-30
The New Political Economy Of Pharmaceuticals written by Hans Löfgren and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-30 with Political Science categories.
Some two decades will shortly have passed since the WTO's Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement came into force in 1995. This volume is the first cross-country analysis of how TRIPS has affected the capacity of 11 major low or medium income countries to produce generic drugs.
Political Economy Of The Pharmaceutical Industry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Political Economy Of The Pharmaceutical Industry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with categories.
Coalitions And Compliance
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Author : Kenneth C. Shadlen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-08-04
Coalitions And Compliance written by Kenneth C. Shadlen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-04 with Political Science categories.
Coalitions and Compliance examines how international changes can reconfigure domestic politics. Since the late 1980s, developing countries have been subject to intense pressures regarding intellectual property rights. These pressures have been exceptionally controversial in the area of pharmaceuticals. Historically, fearing the economic and social costs of providing private property rights over knowledge, developing countries did not allow drugs to be patented. Now they must do so, an obligation with significant implications for industrial development and public health. This book analyses different forms of compliance with this new imperative in Latin America, comparing the politics of pharmaceutical patenting in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Coalitions and Compliance focuses on two periods of patent politics: initial conflicts over how to introduce drug patents, and then subsequent conflicts over how these new patent systems function. In contrast to explanations of national policy choice based on external pressures, domestic institutions, or Presidents' ideological orientations, this book attributes cross-national and longitudinal variation to the ways that changing social structures constrain or enable political leaders' strategies to construct and sustain supportive coalitions. The analysis begins with assessment of the relative resources and capabilities of the transnational and national pharmaceutical sectors, and these rival actors' efforts to attract allies. Emphasis is placed on two ways that social structures are transformed so as to affect coalition-building possibilities: how exporters fearing the loss of preferential market access may be converted into allies of transnational drug firms, and differential patterns of adjustment among state and societal actors that are inspired by the introduction of new policies. It is within the changing structural conditions produced by these two processes that political leaders build coalitions in support of different forms of compliance.
The Political Economy Of Pharmaceutical Patents
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Author : Sherry S. Marcellin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-24
The Political Economy Of Pharmaceutical Patents written by Sherry S. Marcellin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-24 with Political Science categories.
This book provides a fresh, multidisciplinary, and exciting look at the making and remaking of pharmaceutical patents at the GATT/WTO, by utilising a Coxian political economy of continuity and change in the global political economy (GPE). Marcellin focuses on the role of the transnational drug industry in the making of the patent provisions in the original TRIPS Agreement and consequently, the role of the African Group at the WTO in the remaking of those patent provisions.
The Political Economy Of Narcotics
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Author : Julia Buxton
language : en
Publisher: Zed Books Ltd.
Release Date : 2013-07-04
The Political Economy Of Narcotics written by Julia Buxton and has been published by Zed Books Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-04 with Political Science categories.
This book explores the origins, history and organisation of the international system of narcotic drug control with a specific focus on heroin, cannabis and cocaine. It argues that the century-long quest to eliminate the production, trade in and use of narcotic drugs has been a profound failure. The statistics produced by the international and domestic narcotic drug control agencies point to a sustained expansion of the drug trade, despite the imposition of harsh criminal sanctions against those engaged, as producers, traffickers or consumers, in the narcotic drugs market. The roots of this major international policy failure are traced back to the outdated ideology of prohibition, which is shown to be counterproductive, utopian and a fundamentally inadequate basis for narcotic drug policy in the twenty-first century. Prohibition, championed by many US policy makers, has left the international community poorly positioned to confront those changes to the drug trade and drug markets that have resulted from globalisation. Moreover, prohibition based approaches are causing more harm than good, as is demonstrated through reference to issues such as HIV/AIDS, the environment, conflict, development and social justice. As the drug control system approaches its centenary, there are signs that the global consensus on narcotic drug prohibition is fracturing. Some European and South American states are pushing for a new approach based on regulation, decriminalisation and harm reduction. But those seeking to revise prohibition strategies faces entrenched resistance, primarily by the U.S. This important text argues that successive American governments have pursued a contradictory approach; acting decisively against the narcotic drug trade at home and abroad, while at the same time working with drug traffickers and producer states when it is in America's strategic interest. As a result, US policy approaches emerge as a decisive factor in accounting for the failure of prohibition.
Political Economy Of Illegal Drugs
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Author : Pierre Kopp
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2003-11-20
Political Economy Of Illegal Drugs written by Pierre Kopp and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-20 with Business & Economics categories.
With debates surrounding the decriminalisation of certain illegal drugs raging in many countries around the world, this new book is a timely and sober reflection on one of the biggest social problems facing the world at large. Of interest not only to economists, but also to criminologists and those involved in policy-making, The Economics of Illega
The Health Of Nations
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Author : Gavin Mooney
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2012-04-12
The Health Of Nations written by Gavin Mooney and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-12 with Medical categories.
Why, despite vast resources being expended on health and health care, is there still so much ill health and premature death? Why do massive inequalities in health, both within and between countries, remain? In this devastating critique, internationally renowned health economist Gavin Mooney places the responsibility for these problems firmly at the door of neoliberalism. Mooney analyses how power is exercised both in health-care systems and in society more generally. In doing so, it reveals how too many vested interests hinder efficient and equitable policies to promote healthy populations, while too little is done to address the social determinants of health. Instead, Mooney argues, health services and health policy more generally should be returned to the communities they serve. Taking in a broad range of international case studies - from the UK to the US, South Africa to Cuba - this provocative book places issues of power and politics in health care systems centre stage, making a compelling case for the need to re-evaluate how we approach health care globally.
Making Medicines In Africa
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Author : Maureen Mackintosh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-02-03
Making Medicines In Africa written by Maureen Mackintosh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-03 with Political Science categories.
This book is open access under a CC-BY license. The importance of the pharmaceutical industry in Sub-Saharan Africa, its claim to policy priority, is rooted in the vast unmet health needs of the sub-continent. Making Medicines in Africa is a collective endeavour, by a group of contributors with a strong African and more broadly Southern presence, to find ways to link technological development, investment and industrial growth in pharmaceuticals to improve access to essential good quality medicines, as part of moving towards universal access to competent health care in Africa. The authors aim to shift the emphasis in international debate and initiatives towards sustained Africa-based and African-led initiatives to tackle this huge challenge. Without the technological, industrial, intellectual, organisational and research-related capabilities associated with competent pharmaceutical production, and without policies that pull the industrial sectors towards serving local health needs, the African sub-continent cannot generate the resources to tackle its populations' needs and demands. Research for this book has been selected as one of the 20 best examples of the impact of UK research on development. See http://www.ukcds.org.uk/the-global-impact-of-uk-research for further details.
One Political Economy One Competitive Strategy
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Author : Andrea M. Herrmann
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2008-12-18
One Political Economy One Competitive Strategy written by Andrea M. Herrmann and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-18 with Business & Economics categories.
This book examines how firms adapt to the pressures of increasing international competition by testing the arguments on 'strategy specialization' proposed in the competitiveness literature in general, and by contributors to the 'varieties of capitalism' debate in particular. If different economies are characterized by distinct institutional arrangements, successful firms would be those that exploit the related comparative advantages and specialize in the competitive strategies facilitated by national institutions. One Political Economy, One Competitive Strategy? begins with an assessment of how many pharmaceutical firms in Germany, Italy, and the UK pursue strategies facilitated by national institutions governing the financial markets, antitrust activities, and the labour market. Quantitative analyses reveal that deviant firms, competing through institutionally unsupported strategies, outnumber conforming firms by far. Not only does this finding run counter to the expectations of the competitiveness literature, it brings up a whole new line of inquiry. How can firms compete through strategies that are not supported by national institutions? The book addresses this question and illustrates that firms do not necessarily exploit comparative institutional advantages, but that they can also circumvent institutional constraints. International markets and individual collaboration on a contractual basis allow firms to compete despite comparative institutional disadvantages. These findings suggest that trade liberalization does not lead to strategy specialization but to strategy diversification, depending on the inventiveness of entrepreneurs to develop individual approaches to compete.
Making Medicines In Africa
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Author : Maureen Mackintosh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Making Medicines In Africa written by Maureen Mackintosh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Economics categories.
This book is open access under a CC-BY license. This book is about medicines production in sub-Saharan Africa, an enquiry driven by the vast unmet health needs of the sub-continent. It is a collective endeavour by a group of editors and authors with a strong African and more broadly Southern presence to find ways forward that link technological development, investment and industrial growth in pharmaceuticals to improve access to essential good quality medicines, as part of moving towards universal access to competent health care. We aim to shift the emphasis in international debate to give much more attention to the scope for sustained Africa-based and African-led initiatives to tackle this huge challenge. Without the technological, industrial, intellectual, organisational and research-related capabilities associated with competent pharmaceutical production, and without policies that pull the industrial sectors towards serving local health needs, the African sub-continent cannot generate the resources to tackle the needs and demands of its population.